北京市第五十七中2025-2026学年九年级下学期英语期末试题（含答案）

北京市第五十七中2025-2026学年九年级下学期英语期末试题（0.5+3）一、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Fromthetimehelearnedtowalk,ImranNuriheardfromhisparentstimeandtimeagain,“Youmuststrivetobethebestateverything.”AndNurifollowedtheiradviceandgraduatedwithhonorsfromOhioStateUniversity,thenmovedtoChicago,wherehe___1____aprimejobasanationalmarketingdirectorforacompany.Butwitheachpassingmonth,Nurirealizedthathisparents’advice,while___2____,wasn’tnecessarilysuitableforhim.Bythetimehewas24yearsold,Nurifacedthekindoflifecrisis___3____foundinpeopletwicehisage.Focusingonmoney,___4____andpowerwasleavinghimunfulfilled.Inabold(大胆的)___5____,hequithisjobanddecidedtodrivetoeverystateintheLower48ona100-daytriptofind1,000strangersandaskthemtoshareonethingtheywishthey’dknownwhentheywereyounger.Hehadnointerestinhittingspecificcities,nationalparksormonuments.Hisgoalwassimple:Gowherehecouldfindpeopleinsettingswheretheymighttalk.Overthenextfewmonths,Nuri___6____peopleofallagesandraces.Somekeptwalking.Otherssaidtheyhadnotimeorweren’tinterested.Butmanywerehappyto___7____.Theweekshadturnedintomonths,andnowhewastravelingwiththe___8____ofthe1,300peoplehe’dtalkedtoonhis15,000-miletrip.Whattheytaughthimwasthatlifeisn’ttobetalkedabout,buttobe___9____inallitsmessybeauty.Today,NuriisbackinChicago,employedasaseniormarketingdirectorforanewcompany.He’snotthemanheoncewas.Heseeksanswerstoquestions,whichleadstomorequestionsandmoreanswers,a___10___thatprovidesnotcertainty,butmeaning.1. A.investigated B.offered C.rejected D.landed2. A.well-known B.well-intentioned C.well-prepared D.well-received3. A.typically B.eventually C.definitely D.recently4. A.promises B.occupations C.titles D.breakthroughs5. A.move B.innovation C.imagination D.prediction6. A.approached B.signaled C.studied D.motivated7. A.showup B.standout C.cheerup D.openup8. A.expectations B.connections C.affections D.spirits9. A.regretted B.defined C.lived D.assessed10. A.moment B.cycle C.system D.goal二、短文填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AccordingtothelatestWWF’sLivingPlanetReport,there___11___(be)a73%declineintheaveragesizeofmonitoredwildlifepopulationssince1970.Ifnothingisdone,manwillbepunishedbynature.Luckily,wearenotyetpastthepointofnoreturn.Peoplebegintotakeactions.Forexample,nature___12___(reserve)arebeingbuiltnowsothatanimalscanliveinpeace,stricteranti-poaching(反盗猎)lawsarebeingenforcedtocombatillegalhunting,andeducationalprogramsarebeingpromotedtoteachthe___13___(young)generationaboutbiodiversityconservation.Alltheseefforts___14___(reward)oneday.Althougheachsocialsciencefocusesonadifferentaspectofhumanlife,theyhavemuchincommon.Eachbuildsabodyofknowledge___15___contentconsistsofgenerallaws,principles,andgeneralizationsdescribinghowfacts,trends,andobservationsarerelated.Somestudentsbelievethatthesocialsciencesaresomehowlessscientificthanthephysicalandlifesciences,butsocialscientistsusethesamemethodsthatallscientistsdo:observation,experimentation,testingofscientifictheories,andreportingontheresultsofexperiments.Ifyoudecide___16___(major)inasocialscience,youshouldexpecttoconductyourownresearchandkeepyourselfequippedwithrelatedinformation.Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatbluespacesmaybenefitwell-being.Forstarters,___17___(spend)timeinbluespacesencouragesmovement—___18___you’rewalkingaroundalakeorswimminginit—andphysicalactivityisvitalforahealthierbodyandbrain.Whenpeopleexerciseinornearwater,theytendtodosoforlongerthanthoseworkingoutingreenorurbansettings,___19___(potential)becausetheyperceivetimedifferently.Studiessuggestthat,undertherightconditions,bluespacescanalsoreducenoiseinurbanareas,helpimproveairquality,andcooldownhotclimates—allof___20___contributetophysicalhealth.三、阅读理解AWhatitdoesTheself-cleaningdoorhandlecombinesadvancedphotocatalytic(光催化)andblacklighttechnology.Alightsourceactivatesthedoor’shandlecoating,tellingittostartcleaning.Itcanminimizetheriskofinfectionbycontactandimprovethecleanlinessofaspace.HowitworksTheworkingprincipleoftheproductisthatathinadvancedphotocatalyticcoatingcaneffectivelyremovebacteria(细菌)onthesurfaceofasubstance.AconsistentUVlightsource—insideatransparentglassdoorhandle—isrequiredtoactivatethedoor’shandlecoatingontheoutersurfacefordisinfection,soageneratorisusedtoprovideelectricitytolightupaUVLEDlampbythemotionofanopeningandclosingdoor.Then,thedoorhandlecancleanbyitself.DesignprocessWemadethefirstversionbyusingstainlesssteel.However,itcausedthedoorhandletobeheavier.Then,wetriedaluminum,whichmadeitlightandeasytofix.Wealsoimprovedthegeneratoroutput,whicheffectivelyturnedenergyfromdoormovementintoalightsource.HowitisdifferentOurinnovativedesignissimple,effective,andattractive.Ithasanelegantsmoothshape,anditsminimalistappearancestandsoutintoday’sworldofinventions.Nowadays,peopleusechemicalcleaningmaterialstocleanuppublicareas,buttheyharmthehumanbody.Ourdesigncanbeusedforalongtimeandiseffective.Itcanself-cleanaftereachuse.Inthedoorlockanddoorhandlemarket,itisauniquedesignbecausetherearenosimilarproducts.FutureplansInthefuture,wewillcommercializetheproductandhopethatitcancompeteonthemarketwithsimilarproducts.Wearegoingtoconnectwithpublicplaces,forexample,shoppingmalls,hotels,hospitalsandpublicrestrooms,wheretheriskofspreadinginfectionishigher.AwardsInadditiontowinningtheJamesDysonAward,ithasalsoreceivedtheGoldAward,andin2016,itwasfeaturedinthe44thInternationalGenevaInventionsExhibition.21.Howdoestheself-cleaningdoorhandlefunction?A.Itcontrolsthedoormovementautomatically.B.Itminimizestheriskofinfectionbylesscontact.C.Chemicalcleaningmaterialsareusedtocleanitup.D.Thelightsourcetellsthedoorhandlecoatingtocleanitself.22.Comparedwiththefirstversionoftheproduct,thepresentoneisA.saferandcheaper B.cleanerandeasierC.lessheavyandmoreeffective D.moreattractiveandexpensive23.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewinventionaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasreceivedpositiveresponsesforitsinnovation.B.Itisquitecompetitiveamongsimilarproducts.C.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinpublicareas.D.Itwillreplacetraditionalchemicalcleaningmaterials.BIhavealwaysfeltadeeppulltotravelsolo,toletmyadventurousspiritleadthewaywithoutansweringtoanyoneelse.Thatlongingpersistedforseveralyears,butfamily,work,responsibilities—theyquietedthevoiceuntilitbecamebarelyawhisper.Then,Iturned60,andthevoicegrewlouder,butIworriedthatitwastoolatetoexplorefar-offhorizons,andthatIhadmissedmychance.Aroundthesametime,IstartedworkingwithJack,a30-year-oldcounsellingclientwhowantedtoquithisjobandseetheworld.Talkingwithhimfeltlikespeakingtoamirror.Itforcedmetoconfrontmyfearoflookingsilly,beingjudged,andtemporarilyleavingthesafetyofmycomfortablelife.Itwasn’tuntilJackeventuallyannouncedthathewasreadytobuildalifethatwasabetterfitforhimthatIreallyfeltinspiredtotaketheleapandplanaonce-in-a-lifetimesix-weeksolotripalongAustralia’swesterncoast.Therealtestcamewhenmyfingerhoveredoverthebuttontoofficiallybookmyflightsandaccommodation.Partofmesecretlyhopedthepaymentmightfail,givingmetimetoreconsider.Butinthemoment,IrecognizedthatthiscombinationofexcitementandterrorissomethingI’veseenmanytimesoverwithmyclients,especiallyolderones,andit’snormal.Supportfrommyfamilymadethedecisioneasier.MyhusbandtoldmeIwouldregretitifIdidn’tgo.Myadultchildren,whohadtravelledsolo,praisedmycourage.TheirsupportmademereflectonhowIhadletlifedelaymyowndreamsfortoolong.Choosingadventureasyouageisn’talwaysabouttravellingacrosstheworld.Sometimesit’swearingabrightlycolouredoutfit,tryingnewfoods,orrockinguptothedanceclassyouhavealwayswatchedfromafar.Courageislessaboutconqueringfearandmoreabouttrustingyourselfamongwhateveruncertaintyliesahead.Notonlydoescouragenotfadewithage,butitcangrowricherasaresultofourlifeexperience.AsIwritethisfromtheairport,abouttoboardtheflighttoAustralia,Iknowthatitmaynotfeelnaturaloreasytoovercomethefearoftravellingsolo,butitisbettertoliveboldlythantoletthosedreamsfadewithoutgivingitago.24.Whydidtheauthorputoffhersolotravelforyears?A.Shewasafraidofflyingalone. B.Familyanddutiesoccupiedherlife.C.Shecouldn’tfindasuitableplacetovisit. D.Herfamilystronglydisagreedwithherplan.25.Howdidshefeelwhenbookingthetrip?A.Confidentandambitious. B.Concernedandlonely.C.Terrifiedandregretful. D.Strugglingandhesitant.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutsolotravel?A.Solotravelsuccessrequiresluck. B.Fearkillsone’sdreamofsolotravel.C.Braverymakessolotravelpossible. D.Solotravelisnotsuitableforseniors.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AllroadsleadtoRome. B.Eastorwest,homeisthebest.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Fortunealwaysfavoursthecourageous.CLargelanguagemodels(LLMs)arebeginningtocreateastrangelysimilarexperienceinthought.Youenteraprompt(提示词)thatreflectsonlypartofwhatyoumean.Theideamaybeunclearorincomplete,yetmomentslater,theLLMreturnsaparagraphthatsharpensyourthinkingandevenlandsonanexpressionthatfeelssurprisinglyright:“That’sexactlywhatIwasthinking.”Humanthinkingtypicallyfollowsanarrativearc(弧线).Scientistsdescribethemomentwhenaconfusingpatternfinallyresolves.Writersspeakaboutthesatisfactionoffindingtherightsentenceafterlongrevision.Philosophersrecalltheinsightthatarriveswhenadifficultargumentsettlesintoplace.Thesemomentsshareacommonstructure:anunfinishedideamovestowardcognitive(认知的)insight.Theeventualsenseofcompletion—theahamoment—carriesanemotionalrewardbecauseitfollowstheeffortofthinking.LLMscanreproducethefinalmomentofthatarcwithremarkablespeed.Apromptthatbeginsasaloosequestionmayreturnasapolishedexplanation.Theresponsecarriesthelanguageofinsight,evenwhentheprocessthatnormallyproducesinsightneveroccurred.Butthereisacosttothisspeed.Theexperienceofcognitionitselfbeginstoshift:LLMsapproachquestionsverydifferentlyfromhumans.Whereapersonmayencounteruncertaintyorwonderwhetherananswerexistsatall,LLMsencountersomethingelseentirely:anincompletepatternwaitingtobefilled.Whenafinishedexplanationappearswiththeclickofabutton,themindencounterstheendpointofreasoningbeforeithastraveledthepaththatnormallyleadsthere.Andwhenthisresultfeelspersuasive,thebrainexperiencesthemomentasrecognitionratherthanconstruction.ThesentenceLLMsproduceseemstocapturewhatwemeanttosay,andtheideaitexpressesfallsintoplacewithasenseoffamiliarity.Overtime,thedistinctionbetweengeneratingathoughtandadoptingonemaybecomehardertonotice.KeepinmindthatnoneofthisrequiresAItopossessunderstandingorconsciousness.Theeffectarisesfromlanguagealone.LLMsproducelanguagethatcarriesthestructureofthought,andoncethatsignalappears,thebrainquicklyfillsintherest.Thesystembehaveslesslikeacompanionandmorelikeamirror,reflectingpiecesofourthinkingandreturningtheminexpandedform.Thisiswherethedeeperandmoreconsequentialquestionbegins.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,peopleareinteractingwithasystemthatcanroutinelysupplyfullyexpressedideasinresponsetoincompleteones.AIdoesn’treadourthoughts;itcompletespatternsinlanguage.Yetwhenthecompletionfeelsnaturalenough,themindmayexperiencetheresultasitsownthinking.Thismoment,borrowedifnotstolenfromhumans,maychangehowthinkingfeels.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutLLMsfromthispassage?A.Theyexperiencetheprocessofproducinginsight.B.Theygeneratethoughtsthroughcognitiveprocesses.C.Theycarryanemotionalrewardthroughthinkinghard.D.Theysettlequestionsbycompletingpatternsinlanguage.29.WhatisthecostofAI-assistedthinking?A.Ourthoughtsmaybecontrolled. B.Ourthoughtsmaybemisunderstood.C.Ourthinkingpatternwillbechanged. D.Ourthinkingpatternwillbedisordered.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI-assistedthinking?A.Concerned. B.Disappointed. C.Confused. D.Indifferent.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowAIEnhancestheHabitsofThought B.HowAICutsShorttheJourneyofThoughtC.HowAIBuildsUptheProcessofThought D.HowAICloudstheDirectionofThoughtDWhetherit’sdonuts,burgers,oricecreams,therearealwayssomepeoplewillingtolineupforhourstogetatasteofthelatestfood.Whatthesepeoplemightnotrealize,however,isthatthosetreatsareevenmorepsychologicallyrewardingafterthey’vewaitedhoursinline.Butwhydoweenjoythingsmorewhenwe’vehadtosufferforthem?It’saquestionthat’spuzzledneuroscientistsfordecades,butresearchpublishedinNatureisthrowinglightonthisphenomenon.Thiskindofsunk-costfallacy(谬误)isthetendencytopersistwithafailingcourseofactionduetopriorinvestmentsoftime,moneyoreffort.Itisn’tjustacommontrapinthebusinessworld,italsospreadsallovertheanimalworld.Organismsfromantstohumanbeingstendtovaluethosethingstheyhadtoworkformorethanthosethatcameeasily.Itseemscounterintuitive(有悖常理的)fromanevolutionaryview—afterall,whywouldwebehard-wiredtoputmoresufferingonourselves?Theanswer,accordingtoShnei,involvesourfamiliarfrienddopamine(多巴胺).Inanearlierstudy,Shneiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatmicethatreceivedarewardafterovercomingachallengereleasedmoredopaminecomparedtothosethatdidn’tsufferfortheirtreat.Now,they’veaddedanewpiecetothepuzzle:accordingtotheirlatestresearch,dopamine’sroleasasatisfactionsignalisevenmoredifficulttounderstandthanpreviouslythought.Thebiggertheeffort,themoredopamineisreleased,whichinturnmakestherewardseemmorevaluable,explainingthesatisfactionwefeelafterfinallygettingourhandsonthatdonutwe’vebeenwaitinginlinefor.Butwhydoesthishappeninthefirstplace?Shneihassomeideas:inanenvironmentwithlimitedresources,whererewardsareoftenhardtocomeby,itmakessensetoprioritizethosethatrequiremoreeffort.Becausedopaminestrengthensthebehavior,itmaybethatwe’rehard-wiredtovaluethingsmorewhenwe’vesufferedforthem—evenifthatsufferingwasentirelyunnecessary.Thenexttimeyou’rewaitinginlineforadonut,justremember:itmightnotbethesnackthat’sworththewait—it’syourbrainplayingtricksonyou.32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“sunk-costfallacy”?A.Choosingacheaperbutlesstastyrestaurant.B.Sittingthroughanexpensivebutterriblemovie.C.Buyinganewphonesincetheoldoneisoutofstyle.D.Takingataxiinsteadofwaitingforanever-comingbus.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Moreeffortleadstogreaterrewardvalue. B.Dopaminehasnoconnectionwiththeeffort.C.Micedonotexperiencethesunk-costfallacy.D.Miceprefereasyrewardsoverhard-earnedones.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwaitinginlineforasnack?A.Thesnack’stastebringsrealsatisfaction. B.Thewaitingprocessisofgreatimportance.C.Thetastysnackiswellworththelongwait.D.Thesatisfactioncomesfromone’sbrainreaction.七选五Humanhistorycouldbetoldasthestoryofseeing.Eachinventionthatsharpenedourvisionextendedthereachofperceptionandredrewthebordersoftheknown.WhenaDutchcraftsmanfittedtwolenses(镜片)intoatubein1608,hedidnotsimplyenlargedistantobjects;heexpandedthehumanmind.Fromthatmoment,observationstoppedbeingpassive.___35___Ascenturiesunfolded,theinstrumentsofobservationmultiplied:microscopes,cameras,telescopes,sensors,andfinally,algorithms.Eachrevealedanewlayerofreality—theinfinitesimalcell,theatom,theDNAhelix,theuniverse.___36___Toseewastoknow;Tomeasurewastoexist.Observationdrewtheoutlinesofscience,yetitalsodefinedoursenseofself,foreverydiscoverybeyondthehumanscaleremindedushowsmallweare.___37___TheInternetmadeobserversofeveryone,yetitalsomadeusobservable.Thegaze(注视)turnedinwardandoutwardatonce:webecamedatapoints,recordingandbeingrecordedinthesameinstant.___38___Thesystemextendsfromthedepthsofspacetothefinestdetailsofaface.Andnow,machineshavebeguntoseeforus.Satelliteswatchtheweather;neuralnetworkswatchtheworld.Theyidentifypatternsinvisibletohumaneyes—themovementsoftheuniverse,thesignaturesofdisease,thehabitsofacity.___39___Theuniversemaybeinfinite,butsotooisthehumandesiretounderstandwhatitmeanstolook.A.Seeingisnolongerbelieving.B.Theultimatehorizonofobservationisoutthereamongthestars.C.Wenolongermerelylooked—wesearched.D.Theactoflookingbecamebothadisciplineandaphilosophy.E.The20thcenturytransformedtheactoflookingintoanetworkedactivity.F.Thetelescope’slensandthesmartphone’scameraarenowpartofthesameglobalsystemofseeing.G.Observation,onceanactofcuriosity,hasbecomecontinuous,all-around,andautonomous.四、任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。Haveyoueverthoughtofchangingpeople’sbehaviorsbysimpleefforts?Oneeffectiveapproachisnudgetheory.Itmeansthatsmallchangesareusedtogentlyguidepeopletowardbetterdecisions.Sometimesit’saphysicalpush.Aparentmightnudgeachildtogethertosaythankyouforagift.Sometimesanudgeisamentalpush.Amanagermightnudgeemployeestoworkfasterbyremindingthemthatadeadlineiscomingup.Indesignterms,nudgesusuallyhavetwocharacteristics.First,theymakeonechoiceoractionseemmoreattractiveorbeneficialthanotheroptions.Andsecond,designnudgesimplythebestoptioninsteadofbeingexplicitaboutit.AnexperimentinLisbon,Portugal,providesagoodexampleofadesignnudge.Theexperimentwasdesignedtomakecrossingthestreetsafer.Insteadofwaitingforthewalksignal,walkerswerecrossingwhenevertherewasabreakintraffic,whichcouldbeverydangerous.Aspartoftheexperiment,theusualwalksignalwasreplacedwithadancingfigure—somethingamusingtowatch,whichencouragedthemtowaitbeforecrossing.Asaresult,theproportionofpeoplewhocrossedatanunsafetimedroppedsignificantly.Thereareotherexamplesofnudgesdesignedtopromotebeneficialchoices.Studentscanbenudgedtoreplaceacycleofnegativebehavior—suchaschoosingunhealthyfoodatlunch—withpositivebehaviors.Studiesshowthatthemajorityofpeopletakethefirstthreefoodstheyseemoreoftenthanotherfoods.Schoolscanusethisinformationtonudgestudentstoeatbetterbyputtinghealthierfoodchoicesatthefrontoftheline.Peopledon’tnoticewhenaneffectivedesignnudgepushesthemtowardacertainactionordecision.Businessesmaycreatehelpfulnudgesthatbenefitbothconsumersandthemselves.Forexample,anappthatprovidesonlineservicesmightsetareasonablefree-useplanasthedefaultoptionandhideautomaticpaidsubscriptionsinanadvancedsetting.Thisprotectsusersfromunwantedchargesandhelpsthecompanygainlong-termcustomertrust.Designnudgesareallaroundusbecausetheyareaneffectivewayfordesignerstopromotecertainbehaviorsofpeoplewhousethedesign.40.Whatisnudgetheory?_____________________________________________________________________________41.Whatchangewasmadeinanexperimenttoensuresafercrossing?_____________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Schoolscanputhealthierdishesattheendofthelunchlinetochangestudents’negativebehaviors.____________________________________________________________________________