天津市宝坻区某中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三年级考前模拟练习英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1天津市宝坻区某中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三年级考前模拟练习英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空·（共15小题，每小题1分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.—I’vegottolineupattherestaurantforameal.—________YoucanorderfoodatMeituan.comonyourphone.A.Whybother B.Howcome C.Whynot D.Aboutwhat【答案】A【详析】句意：——我得去餐厅排队吃饭。——何必呢？你可以在手机上的美团网订餐。A.Whybother何必（用于劝对方不要做费力不讨好的事）；B.Howcome怎么会（用于询问原因）；C.Whynot为什么不（表建议）；D.Aboutwhat关于什么。根据“YoucanorderfoodatMonyourphone.”可知，后者认为没必要去排队，用Whybother符合语境。2.MyteacherofEnglishisreallyverykind.I’llneverforgetthe________hehasdoneme.A.deed B.help C.favour D.value【答案】C【详析】句意：我的英语老师真的非常善良。我永远不会忘记他帮我的忙。A.deed行为；B.help帮助；C.favour恩惠；D.value价值。该句中，“hehasdoneme”为省略关系代词的定语从句，先行词favour在从句中作done的直接宾语。根据MyteacherofEnglishisreallyverykind可知，此处为固定搭配dosb.afavour，意为“帮某人一个忙”。3.Itisnowonderthatmany,ifnotmost,ofChina’sleadingscholarsandscientists________inLianda,includingthetwoNobelPrize-winningphysicists,YangZhenningandLiZhengdao.A.liberated B.emerged C.recalled D.regulated【答案】B【详析】句意：难怪中国许多（如果不是大多数的话）顶尖学者和科学家都在联大涌现，其中包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。A.liberate解放；B.emerge出现；C.recall回忆；D.regulate调节。此处指这些顶尖学者和科学家在联大“出现”或“涌现”，emerge符合题意。4.Catherineistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________awinnerofascholarshipfortwoyears.A.are B.hasbeen C.havebeen D.is【答案】B【详析】句意：Catherine是这些学生中唯一一个连续两年获得奖学金的人。在“theonlyoneof+复数名词+who”结构中，定语从句的先行词是“theonlyone”，因此从句的谓语动词需用单数形式，此外，句中含有时间状语“fortwoyears”，表示状态从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时，结合单数形式与现在完成时，谓语动词应为hasbeen。5.______,Ithinkthisisatouchingbookthateveryoneshouldread,whatevertheirage.A.Literally B.Instantly C.Personally D.Intimately【答案】C【详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就个人而言，我认为这是一本每人都应该阅读的令人感动的书，无论他们年龄多大。A.Literally按字面意义地；B.Instantly立刻，马上；C.Personally就个人而言；D.Intimately私下地。根据后文“Ithink”可知，此处陈述个人的观点，故应用副词“Personally就个人而言”作状语，故选C。6.ThereasonwhyJ.K.Rowling’swritingcareerhas________isthattheHarryPotterserieshavewonlotsofawardsandbecomeverypopulararoundtheworld.A.setoff B.givenoff C.shownoff D.takenoff【答案】D【详析】句意：J.K.罗琳的写作生涯之所以能够腾飞，是因为《哈利·波特》系列获得了许多奖项并在全世界广受欢迎。A.setoff出发；B.givenoff发出（气味、光等）；C.shownoff炫耀；D.takenoff腾飞，突然成功。结合“J.K.Rowling’swritingcareer”可知，空格处应表达“腾飞，取得巨大成功”，用takenoff。7.________ourchoices,weshouldcherishandembracethosebittersweetmomentsinlife.A.Whichever B.However C.Whatever D.Whether【答案】C【详析】句意：无论我们的选择是什么，我们都应该珍惜并拥抱生活中那些苦乐参半的时刻。此处引导让步状语从句，从句中省去了谓语动词，结合句意，此处应表示“无论选择是什么”应为whatever引导的让步状语从句，其完整形式为“Whateverourchoicesare”，在whatever引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的主语是名词，谓语是be动词时，be动词常可省略。8.Aftercuttingmyselfofftheoutsideworldpreparingtheexam,Icouldn’twaittocatchuponnewstokeepmyself________.A.updating B.updated C.tobeupdated D.beingupdated【答案】B【详析】句意：在为了准备考试而与外界隔绝之后，我迫不及待地想了解新闻，以使自己掌握最新情况。此处为“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词update意为“更新，使了解最新情况”与宾语myself之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词updated作宾语补足语，表示“使自己掌握最新情况”。9.Asmanyofusalreadyknow,havingplans________forthefutureisnoguaranteethattheywillbecomereality.A.inplace B.inadvance C.invain D.inshape【答案】A【详析】句意：正如我们许多人已经知道的那样，为未来制定好计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。A.inplace准备就绪；B.inadvance提前；C.invain徒劳；D.inshape处于良好状态。此处为固定搭配“havesthinplace”，意为“使某事准备就绪/落实到位”，此处表示计划已经安排妥当。10.ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous,remindingusthatwe________continuetoreachforthestars,nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.A.must B.could C.should D.shall【答案】A【详析】句意：挑战者号的牺牲在召唤我们，提醒我们无论繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都必须继续去探索。A.must必须；B.could能够；C.should应该；D.shall将要。结合“continuetoreachforthestars,nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem”可知，此处表达的是一种强烈的义务和号召，强调面对牺牲，我们有不可推卸的责任去追求目标，语气最为坚定，故用must。11.Theinterventionisalong,much-delayedendingtoasadstory,butwehumansowe________totheislandtogiveitahappyending.A.that B.one C.it D.what【答案】C【详析】句意：干预是一个悲伤故事的漫长而姗姗来迟的结局，但我们人类有责任给这个岛屿一个幸福的结局。此处为固定句型“oweittosb.todosth.”，意为“有责任/义务为某人做某事”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语“togiveitahappyending”，所以此处为代词it。12.Despitesomedifficulties,therearespecialmoments______makeitworthwhileformomstotakecareofchildrenathome.A.when B.where C.which D.what【答案】C【详析】考查定语从句。句意：尽管有一些困难，但也有一些特殊的时刻，让妈妈们在家里照顾孩子是值得的。此处moments是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句由that/which引导。故选C。13.WhenIsucceededinbecominganemployeeofIBMChina,manyfriendsaskedme__________Isurvivedtheinterview.A.how B.that C.when D.why【答案】A【详析】考查宾语从句。句意：当我成功成为IBM中国的一名员工时，许多朋友问我是如何通过面试的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据“IsucceededinbecominganemployeeofIBMChina”可知。朋友问“我”是如何通过面试的，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故选A。14.—Whatmattersforthecooperationbetweencompanies?—________differencesinasincereway.A.Approached B.HavingapproachedC.Tobeapproached D.Approaching【答案】D【详析】考查动名词。句意：——什么对企业之间的合作很重要？——以真诚的方式处理分歧。回答what应用动名词或动词不定式。根据句意可知，应该用动名词的一般式。故选D。15.—Atlastyouhavecome!—________.A.I’mgladtomeetyou B.Ihopeyoudon’tmindC.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting D.Let’sgotogether【答案】C【详析】考查情景交际。句意：——你终于来了！——对不起，让你久等了。A.I’mgladtomeetyou.很高兴见到你；B.Ihopeyoudon’tmind.希望你不介意；C.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起让你久等了；D.Let’sgotogether.我们一起。根据“Atlastyouhavecome!”可知，第二个说话的人来迟了，让对方等了很久，所以要为自己的行为道歉，用“对不起让你久等了”符合语境。故选C。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）ManuelaRibeirohasahealthyaddiction.It’s____16____.Afewmonthsago,the30-year-oldteacherdecideditwastimetoputher____17____togooduse.She____18____onthewebsiteBookalokal,andnowwelcomes____19____intoherwarmBrusselsflattwiceaweekforenjoyabledinnerparties.LivingfarfromhernativeBrazil,shelovesmakingherhomeawelcomingplaceforloversofgoodfood,turningherapartmentintoacozyspotwherestrangersbondoverdeliciousmeals.Ribeiro____20____€35perpersonforwhatisusuallyawonderfulthree-coursemealthatcanlastuptothreehours.ForRibeiro,ithasbecomeaperfectplatformfor____21____herhobbyofbuyingfreshfoodfromlocalmarkets,____22____withnewrecipes,and____23____relaxingdinnerpartiesthat____24____herBrazilianrootsintoEuropeaninfluences.Sheenjoyseveryminuteofthepreparation—fromselectingthejuiciesttomatoestostirringafragrantpotoffeijoada—____25____thetimespentwithherguests,whooftenbecomefriendsbytheendoftheevening.“It’sagreatopportunitytosharemypassionforfoodandto____26____newpeoplefromallovertheworld,”saidRibeiro,hereyes____27____asshetalksaboutthediverseguestsshehashosted,fromItaliantouriststoayoungcouplefromJapan.SometimesshepreparestraditionalBraziliandishes____28____hernativehome;othertimesshe____29____dinnercourseswithherfavoriteBelgianbeerstocreateaspecial,fusiontastethatsurprisesanddelightseveryone.TheplatformhasenabledRibeirotorealizeherdreamwithagreatdealoffreedom,as____30____toarestaurantwheretheserviceis____31____,themenuisknowninadvance,andthemealisexpectedtobeno____32____.“Butit’salsoagreat____33____,foritcansometimestakedaysto____34____asingleevent,”Ribeirosaid,laughingassherecalledarecentdinnerthatrequiredmarinatingmeatfor48hoursandsourcingrarespicesfromaspecialtyshopacrossthecity.“Thisplatformisnotonly____35____forprofessionalcooks,butalsoforthosewillingtodiscovernewexperiencesandenjoytruehomecooking.”16.A.reading B.traveling C.cooking D.teaching17.A.hobby B.energy C.education D.money18.A.pickup B.signedup C.setup D.putup19.A.coworkers B.students C.relatives D.strangers20.A.pays B.charges C.owes D.raises21.A.pursuing B.choosing C.discussing D.changing22.A.passingon B.tryingout C.goingover D.takingdown23.A.appoint B.display C.throw D.add24.A.develop B.integrate C.change D.mix25.A.Ratherthan B.otherthan C.aswellas D.morethan26.A.hire B.help C.encounter D.train27.A.shining B.sharpening C.rolling D.dropping28.A.inadditionto B.inreturnfor C.inhonorof D.inlinewith29.A.replaces B.tastes C.orders D.pairs30.A.opposed B.related C.subject D.vital31.A.invaluable B.impersonal C.unsuitable D.unprofessional32.A.surprise B.end C.need D.problem33.A.lesson B.pleasure C.success D.challenge34.A.celebrate B.record C.attend D.organize35.A.selected B.reserved C.evaluated D.requested【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.D20.B21.A22.B23.C24.B25.C26.C27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.A33.D34.D35.B【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了巴西教师马努埃拉在布鲁塞尔通过美食平台举办家庭晚餐，分享烹饪热情并结识世界各地朋友的故事。【16题详析】考查名词。句意：马努埃拉·里贝罗有一种健康的瘾，那就是烹饪。A.reading阅读；B.traveling旅行；C.cooking烹饪；D.teaching教学。根据后文“herhobbyofbuyingfreshfoodfromlocalmarkets”和“shelovesmakingherhomeawelcomingplaceforloversofgoodfood”可知，她的爱好是烹饪。【17题详析】考查名词。​句意：几个月前，这位30岁的老师决定将她的爱好好好利用起来。A.hobby爱好；B.energy精力；C.education教育；D.money金钱。根据后文“herhobbyofbuyingfreshfood”可知，此处指她的烹饪爱好。【18题详析】考查动词短语。​句意：她在Bookalokal网站上注册了账号，现在每周两次欢迎陌生人来她温暖的布鲁塞尔公寓参加愉快的晚宴。A.pickup捡起；B.signedup注册；C.setup建立；D.putup张贴。根据后文“onthewebsite”可知，她是在网站上注册。【19题详析】考查名词。​句意同上。A.coworkers同事；B.students学生；C.relatives亲戚；D.strangers陌生人。根据后文“wherestrangersbondoverdeliciousmeals”可知，她接待的是陌生人。【20题详析】考查动词。​句意：里贝罗向每人收取35欧元，这通常是一顿丰盛的三道菜晚餐，持续长达三个小时。A.pays支付；B.charges收费；C.owes欠；D.raises筹集。根据后文“€35perperson”可知，她举办晚宴向客人收取费用。【21题详析】考查动词。​句意：对于里贝罗而言，这里已成为一个绝佳的平台，让她能够尽情享受从当地市场购买新鲜食材的乐趣，尝试新的烹饪方法，还能举办轻松愉快的晚宴，将她的巴西传统元素与欧洲风格完美融合在一起。A.pursuing追求；B.choosing选择；C.discussing讨论；D.changing改变。根据前文“ithasbecomeaperfectplatform”和后文“herhobby”可知，她举办晚宴邀请陌生人来吃饭是在追求爱好。【22题详析】考查动词短语。​句意同上。A.passingon传递；B.tryingout尝试；C.goingover复习；D.takingdown记下。根据后文“newrecipes”可知，她尝试新的菜品配方。【23题详析】考查动词。​句意同上。A.appoint任命；B.display展示；C.throw举办；D.add添加。根据前文“turningherapartmentintoacozyspotwherestrangersbondoverdeliciousmeals”和后文“relaxingdinnerparties”可知，贝罗举办愉快的晚宴，throwaparty为固定搭配，意为“举办派对”。【24题详析】考查动词。​句意同上。A.develop发展；B.integrate整合；C.change改变；D.mix混合。根据后文“herBrazilianrootsintoEuropeaninfluences”可知，integrateAintoB表示“将A融入B”，此处指将巴西风味与欧洲风味融合。【25题详析】考查连词。​句意：她享受准备的每一分钟——从挑选最多汁的西红柿到搅拌一锅香喷喷的黑豆饭——以及和客人们共度的时光。A.Ratherthan而不是；B.otherthan除了；C.aswellas以及；D.morethan超过。此处连接两个并列成分“everyminuteofthepreparation”和“thetimespentwithherguests”，表示“和，以及”。【26题详析】考查动词。句意：“这是一个分享我对食物的热爱，以及结识来自世界各地新朋友的绝佳机会，”里贝罗说道，当她谈起自己接待过的形形色色的客人——从意大利游客到一对来自日本的年轻情侣时，她的眼睛闪闪发亮。A.hire雇佣；B.help帮助；C.encounter邂逅、结识；D.train训练。根据后文“newpeoplefromallovertheworld”可知，接待各地来客，能够结识新朋友。【27题详析】考查动词。​句意同上。A.shining发光；B.sharpening锐化；C.rolling滚动；D.dropping掉落。根据后文“asshetalksaboutthediverseguests”可知，她谈到开心的事时眼睛发亮。【28题详析】考查介词短语。​句意：有时，她会烹制传统的巴西菜肴，以此致敬她的故乡；其他时候，她则会用最爱喝的比利时啤酒搭配晚餐菜肴，创造出一种惊艳并取悦所有人的独特融合风味。A.inadditionto除……之外；B.inreturnfor作为回报；C.inhonorof为了纪念；D.inlinewith符合。根据前文“shepreparestraditionalBraziliandishes”和后文“hernativehome”可知，制作家乡特色菜品是为了缅怀故乡。【29题详析】考查动词。​句意同上。A.replaces替代；B.tastes品尝；C.orders命令；D.pairs配对、搭配。根据后文“dinnercourseswithherfavoriteBelgianbeerstocreateaspecial,fusiontastethatsurprisesanddelightseveryone”可知，此处表示把菜肴与比利时啤酒搭配，pair...with...意为“把……和……搭配”。【30题详析】考查形容词。​句意：该平台让里贝罗得以在极大自由的环境下实现梦想，这不同于餐厅——那里的服务没有人情味，菜单是预先确定的，而且这顿饭料想也不会有什么惊喜。A.opposed反对的（beopposedto与……相反）；B.related相关的；C.subject服从的；D.vital至关重要的。根据后文“arestaurantwheretheserviceis____,themenuisknowninadvance,andthemealisexpectedtobeno____.”可知，家庭晚餐与餐厅服务不同。【31题详析】考查形容词。句意同上。A.invaluable无价的；B.impersonal没有人情味的；C.unsuitable不适合的；D.unprofessional不专业的。根据后文“themenuisknowninadvance”可知，餐厅服务是标准化的，缺乏人情味。【32题详析】考查名词。句意同上。A.surprise惊喜；B.end结束；C.need需要；D.problem问题。根据前文“themenuisknowninadvance”可知，餐厅的饭菜没有惊喜。【33题详析】考查名词。句意：但这也是一个巨大的挑战，因为有时候组织一场活动需要花费数天时间。A.lesson课程；B.pleasure乐趣；C.success成功；D.challenge挑战。根据后文“itcansometimestakedays”结合后文筹备耗时久、工序繁杂可知，这是一件有难度的事。【34题详析】考查动词。​句意同上。A.celebrate庆祝；B.record记录；C.attend参加；D.organize组织。根据后文“asingleevent”和“laughingassherecalledarecentdinner”可知，此处指筹备、组织一场晚宴活动。【35题详析】考查动词。​句意：这个平台不仅面向专业厨师，也面向那些愿意体验新鲜事物、喜爱地道家常美食的人。A.selected挑选；B.reserved预订；C.evaluated评估；D.requested要求。根据“forprofessionalcooks”可知，平台是为专业厨师准备的，bereservedfor表示“专为……设置/面向……”。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFouruniquerestaurantsintheworldAroundtheworld,therearesomeincrediblerestaurantswhereoneshoulddineatleastonceinalifetime.Whentastecombineswithbreathtakingviewsandattractivedesigns,theresultcanonlybeastonishing.M6mMaadhooIsland,MaldivesThisrestaurantisanidealchoiceforthoseseekinganunderwaterdiningexperience.Itsmodernstyle,alongwithitswindows,providestheopportunitytoobservewhalesswimmingineverydirection.Bientang’sCaveHermanus,SouthAfricaThisrestaurantoffersauniquediningexperienceinsideacaveoverlookingtheocean.Thetablesarepositionedrightonthecliff,withwavesoftenlappingattheiredges.Fromtherestaurant,guestscaneasilyspotwhalesemergingfromthewaterjustastone’sthrowaway.MossBlueLagoon,IcelandLocatedrightnexttotheBlueLagoon,oneofIceland’smostfamousattractions,thismodernrestaurantoffersaseasonaltastingmenu,includingavegan(素食的)option.Themoss-coveredrocksandthesurroundingexpanseofsolidifiedlavaaddagoodatmospheretothisplace.Moreover,thosewhowishtowatchthechefinactioncanrequestatablewithaviewofthekitchen.ElDiabloLanzarote,SpainThisrestaurantstandsoutforitsdistinctivecookingmethod.ThechefsatElDiablobarbecuemeatandfishusingtheheatfromthevolcano.Theyusealargebarbecuedirectlyplacedonthelava,ensuringperfectcookingforeverydish.36.Thefourrestaurantsareuniquebecauseoftheir________.A.menu B.chefs C.cookingmethod D.siteselection37.Whereistherestaurantthatoffersaseasonaltastingmenu?A.OnMaadhooIsland. B.InHermanus. C.InBlueLagoon. D.InLanzarote.38.WhatdoM6mandBientang’sCavehaveincommon?A.Bothofferviewsofwhales. B.Bothofferaveganmenu.C.Bothareinamodernstyle. D.Bothareunderthewater.39.Whichrestaurantshowsthecookingprocesstoguests?A.M6m. B.Moss.C.ElDiablo. D.Bientang’sCave.40.WhatisspecialabouttherestaurantinSpain?A.Itislocatedonacliff. B.Ithastop-classchefs.C.Itisnexttoafamousattraction. D.Itusesnaturalheattocookfood.【答案】36.D37.C38.A39.B40.D【语篇解读】文章介绍了全球四家位置独特、体验各异的特色餐厅。【36题详析】推理判断题。根据M6m部分中“Thisrestaurantisanidealchoiceforthoseseekinganunderwaterdiningexperience.(对于那些寻求水下用餐体验的人来说，这家餐厅是理想之选)”、Bientang’sCave部分中“Thisrestaurantoffersauniquediningexperienceinsideacaveoverlookingtheocean.(这家餐厅提供独特的洞穴内用餐体验，俯瞰大海)”、Moss部分中“LocatedrightnexttotheBlueLagoon,oneofIceland’smostfamousattractions(这家现代餐厅毗邻冰岛最著名的景点之一——蓝湖)”、ElDiablo部分中“Theyusealargebarbecuedirectlyplacedonthelava(他们将大型烤架直接放置在熔岩上进行烤制)”可知，这四家餐厅的独特之处在于其选址。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据Moss部分中“LocatedrightnexttotheBlueLagoon,oneofIceland’smostfamousattractions,thismodernrestaurantoffersaseasonaltastingmenu,includingavegan(素食的)option.(这家现代餐厅毗邻冰岛最著名的景点之一——蓝湖，提供季节性品鉴菜单，其中包括素食选项)”可知，提供季节性品尝菜单的餐厅位于蓝湖。【38题详析】细节理解题。根据M6m部分中的“providestheopportunitytoobservewhalesswimming(提供了观察鲸鱼游动的机会)”以及Bientang’sCave部分中的“guestscaneasilyspotwhalesemergingfromthewater(客人可以轻易发现从水中冒出的鲸鱼)”可知，这两家餐厅的共同点是都能看到鲸鱼。【39题详析】细节理解题。根据Moss部分中的“thosewhowishtowatchthechefinactioncanrequestatablewithaviewofthekitchen(那些希望观看厨师操作的人可以要求预订一张能看到厨房的桌子)”可知，Moss餐厅可以向客人展示烹饪过程。【40题详析】细节理解题。根据ElDiablo部分中的Lanzarote,Spain可知，ElDiablo和位于西班牙，根据“ThechefsatElDiablobarbecuemeatandfishusingtheheatfromthevolcano.(ElDiablo的厨师利用火山的热量烧烤肉类和鱼类。)”可知，西班牙这家餐厅的特别之处在于利用自然热量烹饪食物。BEton,aten-year-oldboy,usedtogoforawalkwithhisfathereverydayonanearbyhill.Thehillwasnotverysteep,butthepathwascoveredwithloosestonesanddrysoil.Onesunnyafternoon,astheywereclimbing,theboysuddenlyturnedtohisfatherandsaid,“Dad,let’shavearacetoday.Theonewhotouchesthetopofthehillfirstwins.”Fathersmiledandagreed.Bothofthemstartedrunningtowardthehilltop.Thewindblewgently,andbirdssanginthetrees.Afterrunningforafewminutes,Fathersuddenlystoppedandbentdown.Eton,alreadyseveralstepsahead,lookedbackandasked,“Whathappened?Whydidyoustop?Haveyouacceptedyourdefeatalready?”“No,somepebblesgotstuckinmyshoes.Istoppedtoremovethem,”Fatherrepliedcalmly.“Somepebblesgotstuckinmyshoestoo,butIdon’tcare.OnceIreachthetop,I’llremovethem.”Etonsaidproudly,andwithoutanotherword,hedashedforwardasfastashecould.Fathershookhishead,carefullytookoffhisshoes,removedthesmallstones,andthencontinuedrunning.Meanwhile,Etonhadgonefarahead,butsoonhebegantofeelasharppaininhisfeet.Thepebbleswerediggingdeeperintohisskinwitheverystep,andhisspeedstartedtodecrease.Sweatdrippedfromhisforehead,andhisbreathingbecameheavy.Gradually,Fathercaughtupfrombehind.Seeinghissonlimping,Fathershouted,“Whydon’tyouremovethepebblesfirst?”“ButIdon’thavetimeforthis!”theboyshoutedback,grittinghisteeth.Withinashortwhile,Fatherovertookhim.Eton’spainhadincreasedsomuchthathecouldbarelywalk.Hestoppedandscreamed,“Dad,Ican’trunanymore!”Fatherquicklyranback,tookoffEton’sshoes,andsawthathisfeetwerebleedingslightly.Withoutaword,hecarriedtheboybackhome,cleanedthewoundscarefully,andappliedmedicine.Whenthepainsubsidedabit,Fathersatbesidehimandsaidgently,“Son,Itoldyoutoremoveyourpebblesfirstandthengoonwiththerace.”“ButIwantedtowintheracefirst,”Etonwhispered.Fatherreplied,“Itisnotlikethat,son.Ifanyproblemcomesinourlife,weshouldnotdelaysolvingitbysayingwedon’thavetimerightnow.Itwouldhavetakenyouhardlyoneminutetoremovethatpebble,butnow,tosavethatoneminute,youwillhavetosufferfrompainforawholeweek.”Etonloweredhisheadandfinallyunderstood.41.WhatwasthereasonforEton’sinsistenceonnotremovingthepebbles?A.Hisoveremphasisontheresultofwinningtheracecloudedhisjudgment.B.Hefirmlywantedtoshowhisfatherthathecouldendurethepain.C.Hedidn’tknowthemostefficientwaytoremovethepebblesquickly.D.Hewasinfluencedbyacompetitiveenvironmentthatvaluedspeedaboveall.42.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefather’sattitudetowardstherace?A.Hewasextremelyeagertowintheraceandtookitveryseriously.B.Hethoughttheracewasjustacasualactivityanddidn’tcareabouttheresultatall.C.Heregardedtheraceasawaytoteachhissonalifelessonratherthanjustacompetition.D.Heconsideredtheraceapreciouschancetofullyprovehisremarkablephysicalstrength.43.Whatdoes“thepebblesstuckintheshoes”symbolize?A.Temporarysetbacksthatcanbeovercomewithdetermination.B.Smallproblemsthat,ifneglected,cangrowintomajorobstacles.C.Hiddendangersthatcaninterruptone’sjourneyifnotdetectedearly.D.Minorannoyancesthatshouldbeenduredforthesakeofagreatergoal.44.Basedonthestory,whatcanweinferaboutEton’scharacter?A.Heisself-centeredandbelieveshecanovercomeanyobstaclewithhisownwisdom.B.Heissociablebutrefusestolistentoanyone’sadvice,evenwhenitisclearlybeneficial.C.Heislazyandtriestoavoidanytaskthatrequiresextraeffort,likeremovingthepebbles.D.Heishighlycompetitivebutlackstheabilitytothinksensiblyinthefaceofchallenges.45.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthestory?A.ARacetotheHilltop B.ThePriceofImpatienceC.FatherandSon’sDailyWalk D.HowtoWinaRace【答案】41.A42.C43.B44.D45.B【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了Eton因急于赢赛跑不顾鞋中石子，导致脚伤，父亲借机教导他遇到问题应及时解决。【41题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中父亲说的“Itisnotlikethat,son.Ifanyproblemcomesinourlife,weshouldnotdelaysolvingitbysayingwedon'thavetimerightnow.(儿子，不是那样的。如果生活中出现任何问题，我们不应该说现在没时间而拖延解决)”以及Eton自己说的“ButIwantedtowintheracefirst.(但我想先赢比赛)”可知，Eton坚持不清理石子的原因是他过分看重比赛胜负，因而判断力受到了影响。【42题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中父亲说的“Son,Itoldyoutoremoveyourpebblesfirstandthengoonwiththerace.(儿子，我告诉过你先把石子清理掉再继续比赛)”以及“Ifanyproblemcomesinourlife,weshouldnotdelaysolvingitbysayingwedon’thavetimerightnow.(如果生活中出现任何问题，我们不应该说现在没时间而拖延解决)”可知，父亲并不在乎比赛输赢，而是把比赛当作教儿子人生道理的机会。【43题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thepebbleswerediggingdeeperintohisskinwitheverystep,andhisspeedstartedtodecrease.(石子每走一步都越陷越深扎进皮肤，他的速度开始下降)”以及最后一段父亲说的“Itwouldhavetakenyouhardlyoneminutetoremovethatpebble,butnow,tosavethatoneminute,youwillhavetosufferfrompainforawholeweek.(清理那颗石子只需要不到一分钟，但现在，为了省那一分钟，你将痛苦整整一周)”可知，鞋中的小石子象征着如果被忽视就会变成大障碍的小问题。【44题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Eton说的“Somepebblesgotstuckinmyshoestoo,butIdon’tcare.OnceIreachthetop,I’llremovethem.(我鞋里也有石子，但我不管。到了山顶再清理)”以及第三段中“ButIdon'thavetimeforthis!(但我没时间弄这个！)”可知，Eton非常好胜，但面对挑战时缺乏理性思考——他只想着赢，却不懂得及时解决小问题。【45题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段父亲的总结“Itwouldhavetakenyouhardlyoneminutetoremovethatpebble,butnow,tosavethatoneminute,youwillhavetosufferfrompainforawholeweek.(清理那颗石子只需要不到一分钟，但现在，为了省那一分钟，你将痛苦整整一周)”可知，文章核心是“不耐烦解决问题的代价”，B选项适合作为标题。CSeenfromanairplane,carsmovingslowlyonthehighwaylooklikealineofants.Unlikethesehuman-drivenvehicles,however,antsareabletoavoidthetroublingstop-and-gotrafficthatbothersdailycommutes(通勤).Researchershavethereforeturnedtheirattentiontostudyingtheants’teamwork-basedbehaviors,hopingtoapplytheseinsightstodesigningself-drivingcarsthatcanpreventtrafficjams.Asthenumberofcarsonhighwayskeepsgrowing,thestability(稳定)oftrafficflowgraduallyfalls.Studiesshowthatwhenthedensity(密度)reaches15vehiclespermileperlane(车道),asingledriver’ssuddenbraketapcanleadtolong-lastingandwidespreadtrafficjams.ScientistKatsuhiroNishinari,amathematicalphysiciststudyingtraffictransitions,comparesthisphenomenontoaphasetransition,suchaswaterturningintoice.Evensmallindividualactionsinsuchsituationscanquicklydevelopintomajortrafficissues.KatsuhiroNishinari’spreviousresearchhasalreadyshownthatfood-seekingantscanmaintainsmoothmovementevenwhentheirpopulationdensityisveryhigh.Arecentfollow-upstudyhasshowntheyusuallytravelingroupsof3to20individuals,movingatsteadyspeedswithpropergapsbetweeneachotherandneverattemptingtoovertake.Theirbehaviordependsonmutualcollaborationratherthanindividualpreferences.Thiscollectiveintelligenceoffersalessonforhumandriverstoday.Onekeytakeawayistoavoidtailgating.Keepingasafedistancefromthevehicleaheadhelpsabsorbtheshockwavescausedbysuddenbrakingindensetraffic.Ofcourse,antshavethenaturaladvantageofcreatingflexiblepaths,whilecarsareboundtofixedlanes.Buttheprincipleofmaintainingproperspacingremainsvitalforsafetyandefficiencyonourroads.Lookingahead,therealtransformationmaycomefromtechnology.AsKatsuhiroNishinaripointsout,“Unlikehumandriverswhooftenactontheirown,futureself-drivingcarscouldbedesignedtosharereal-timedataandfunctionasacombinedsystem.”Inspiredbyants,thesevehiclescanupgradetrafficflowasasharedsystem,potentiallyrequiringupdatestoexistingrulestofullyrealizetheirbenefits.46.Whatcancausewidespreadhighwaytrafficjamsdirectly?A.Atotalof15carspermile.B.Antbehaviorsaffectingdriving.C.Asuddenbrakeatacertaindensity.D.Reducedstabilityoftrafficflow.47.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningtherecentfollow-upstudyinParagraph3?A.Tocompareantswithhumandrivers.B.Tocriticizecurrenttrafficregulations.C.Toexplainthemathbehindtrafficjams.D.Todetailhowantsachievesmoothmovement.48.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tailgating”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Keepingaproperdistance.B.Drivingtooclosetothefront.C.Followingstricttrafficrules.D.Seekingperfectlaneposition.49.WhatisKatsuhiroNishinari’ssuggestionforant-inspiredself-drivingcars?A.Adoptacooperativeapproach.B.Collectpersonaltraveldata.C.Redesigntrafficrulesconstantly.D.Relyonactivehumanbehavior.50.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Bio-inspiredsolutionsfortrafficjamsB.BiologicalperformancesofmovingantsC.Technicalchallengesforself-drivingcarsD.Trafficengineeringmodelsfortrafficflow【答案】46.C47.D48.B49.A50.A【语篇解读】本文介绍科学家研究蚂蚁的协作通行特性，希望借鉴其行为原理优化自动驾驶汽车，解决交通拥堵问题。【46题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studiesshowthatwhenthedensityreaches15vehiclespermileperlane,asingledriver’ssuddenbraketapcanleadtolong-lastingandwidespreadtrafficjams.(研究表明，当车道车流密度达到每英里每车道15辆车时，单个驾驶员的一次突然刹车会引发持久且大范围的交通拥堵)”可知，特定车流密度下的突然刹车会直接引发大范围高速公路拥堵。【47题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“KatsuhiroNishinari’spreviousresearchhasalreadyshownthatfood-seekingantscanmaintainsmoothmovementevenwhentheirpopulationdensityisveryhigh.Arecentfollow-upstudyhasshowntheyusuallytravelingroupsof3to20individuals,movingatsteadyspeedswithpropergapsbetweeneachotherandneverattemptingtoovertake.(KatsuhiroNishinari此前的研究已经表明，觅食的蚂蚁即使在种群密度很高的情况下也能保持平稳移动。最近的一项后续研究发现，它们通常以3到20只为一组旅行，以稳定的速度移动，彼此之间保持适当的间隙，从不试图超车)”可知，第三段提到最近的后续研究是为了详细说明蚂蚁如何实现平稳移动。【48题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Keepingasafedistancefromthevehicleaheadhelpsabsorbtheshockwavescausedbysuddenbrakingindensetraffic.(与前车保持安全距离有助于缓解车流密集时突然刹车带来的冲击效应)”可知，要与前车保持安全距离，因此研究得到的一个重要启示是避免跟车过近，划线词tailgating意为“跟车距离过近”。【49题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“AsKatsuhiroNishinaripointsout,“Unlikehumandriverswhooftenactindependently,futureself-drivingcarscouldbedesignedtosharereal-timedataandfunctionasanintegratedsystem.”Inspiredbyants,thesevehiclescanupgradetrafficflowasacooperativesystem,potentiallyrequiringupdatestoexistingregulationstofullyrealizetheirbenefits.(正如KatsuhiroNishinari指出的那样，“与经常独立行动的人类驾驶员不同，未来的自动驾驶汽车可以被设计成共享实时数据并作为一个集成系统运行。”受蚂蚁的启发，这些车辆可以作为一个协作系统来升级交通流量，可能需要更新现有法规以充分实现其优势)”可知，KatsuhiroNishinari建议受蚂蚁启发的自动驾驶汽车应采用协作方法。【50题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Researchershavethereforeturnedtheirattentiontostudyingtheants’teamwork-basedbehaviors,hopingtoapplytheseinsightstodesigningself-drivingcarsthatcanpreventtrafficjams.(因此研究人员开始研究蚂蚁的协作行为，希望将研究心得运用到可规避交通拥堵的自动驾驶汽车研发中)”可知，文章围绕借鉴蚂蚁的生物特性，研发新型自动驾驶技术、解决交通拥堵的方案展开。故选A选项“借鉴生物原理解决交通拥堵”能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。DIstrugglewithlettingg