湖南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三下学期3月阶段检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三下学期3月阶段检测英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Changetoanothergym. B.Spendmoneywisely. C.Takeexerciseoften.【答案】A【原文】W:ThegymIusuallygotoistooexpensive.Ifoundanotheronethatischeap.I’mthinkingofgoingtothenewgym.M:Goaheadanddoit.Itwon’thurttotryit.2.Whatkindofpersonistheman?A.Clever. B.Considerate. C.Patient.【答案】B【原文】W:WhatwouldyoulikeforChristmasthisyear,dear?M:IfeelsoluckythatyouandDadprepareagiftformeeveryChristmas.I’dratheryougavegiftstopoorchildreninstead.W:I’mgladtohearthat.Maybeyoucouldgivethisyear’sgifttoacharity.3.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Snowy.【答案】A【原文】W:Ihatedrivinginwinterevenonbrightdayslikethis.Thesunissolowintheskythatitalmostblindsme.M:Theweatherismuchbettertoday.Ihadtodriveuptomymother’slastweekendinthatheavysnow.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atastation. B.Inahospital. C.Inashop.【答案】C【原文】W:Hello,howcanIhelpyou?M:Hello,arethereanydigitalwatchesavailablenow?W:Oh,I’mafraidtherearen’t,butweexpectsometocomeinverysoon.5.WhyisTomlate?A.Hewokeuplate. B.Thebusbrokedown. C.Hemissedthefirstbus.【答案】C【解析】W:Tom,you’relate.M:Sorry,Iactuallywokeupearlytocatchthefirstbusasusual.W:Thenwhathappened?M:Iwentbackhometofetchmyhomeworkhalfwaytothebusstop,soIonlycaughtthesecondbus.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whycan’tthemanusehisownphone?A.Ithasrunoutofpower.B.Hehaslostitsomewhere.C.There’ssomethingwrongwiththescreen.7.Howdoestheapphelpthewomansleep?A.Itlimitsscreentime. B.Itblocksthebluelight. C.Itplayswhitenoise.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:CanIborrowyourphone?Mineisdead,andIcan’tfindmycharger.W:Sure.M:Thanks.Hey,what’swrongwithyourscreen?It’salldarkandthecolorslookstrange.W:Oh!I’vebeenusinganappcalled“Sunset”tohelpmesleepatnight.M:Really?How?W:Well,studiesshowthattoomuchbluelightfromscreenscanmakesleepingdifficult.So,intheevening,theappputsaredshadeoverthescreentocancelitout.M:Oh,interesting.Doesithelp?W:Yeah,Ithinkso!Ialsolistentowhitenoise,whichhelpsmefallasleep,too.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatdoesthemaninviteFennytodoinLondon?A.Watchashow. B.Gosightseeing. C.Visitaschoolmate.9.WherewillFennymeetKatie?A.Atanartmuseum. B.Ataclothingcompany. C.Atanexhibitioncentre.10.WhatdoesthemanthinkofKatie?A.She’sambitious. B.She’sopen-minded. C.She’senergetic.【答案】8.A9.C10.A【原文】M:Fenny,ifyou’reinLondontomorrow,I’vegottwoticketsfortheAmericanBalletTheatre!Wouldyouliketocome?W:Thanks,butI’llbebusytomorrow.M:Noproblem.Maybeanothertime.Doyouhaveplans?W:Yes,I’llmeetKatieattheOlympiaExhibitionCentre.Rememberher?Wewenttothesameartschool.Someofherdesignsaregoingtobeexhibitedthere.Sheishopingoneofthebigclothingcompaniesmightbuythem.M:Settinghersightshigh,isn’tshe?W:Yeah,sheisaiminghigh.Butshehaswhatittakestogetthere.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoaftergraduation?A.Joinatravelcompany. B.Furtherhisstudy. C.Startahotel.12.Whatisthewoman’smajornow?A.HotelManagement. B.ComputerScience. C.French.13.Howdoesthewomanpayherschoolfees?A.Throughapart-timejob. B.Withascholarship. C.Withherparents’support.【答案】11.A12.B13.B【原文】W:Hey,Dave!What’syourmajoranyway?M:HotelManagement.W:Well,whatdoyouwanttodoonceyougraduate?M:Uh…IthinkI’dliketoworkforahotelortravelagencyinthisarea.Howaboutyou?W:Well,whenIfirststartedcollege,ImajoredinFrench,butIrealizedImighthaveahardtimefindingajobusingthelanguage,soIchangedmymajortoComputerScience.Withtherightskills,landingajobinthecomputerindustryshouldn’tbeasdifficult.M:So,doyouhaveapart-timejobtosupportyourselfthroughschool?W:Well,fortunately,Ihavereceivedafour-yearacademicscholarshipthatpaysforallofmyschoolfeesandbooks.M:Wow.That’sgreat!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatwasthemainissueattheanimalshelterinKraków?A.Manydogswereseriouslyill.B.Itsindoortemperaturewastoolow.C.Therewasn’tenoughroomfortheanimals.15.Whatdidthelocalpolicedepartmentdo?A.Theyletadoptersparkforfree.B.Theylentcarstotransportthedogs.C.Theytookadogbacktothepolicestation.16.Howmanydogswereadoptedintheend?A.30. B.93. C.123.17.Howisthewomanprobablyfeeling?A.Confused. B.Touched. C.Worried.【答案】14.C15.C16.B17.B【原文】M:What’swrong?W:Oh,it’sjustthisnewsstoryI’mreading.M:What’sitabout?W:It’saboutananimalshelterinKraków.Afewweeksago,theweatherforecastswerepredictingtemperaturesofaround-20℃.M:That’scold…W:True.Buttheshelterdidn’thaveenoughindoorspace.Manydogswerebeingkeptoutside,andtherewasnowaytheywouldhavesurvived.M:So,whatdidtheshelterdo?W:Theycalledforlocalpeopletotakethedogsin,justuntiltheweatherwarmedupagain.Andtheyreceivedamazingresponses.All123dogsfoundhomesforthetimebeing.M:Wow,that’sgreat!W:Eventhepolice,whocametoissueparkingticketstocarsaroundtheshelter,endeduptakingadogbacktothestation!M:Noway!W:Betteryet,aftertheweatherwarmedup,only30dogswerereturnedtotheshelter.Mostpeopledecidedtokeepthem.M:Well,I’dcallthatahappyending.So...whyareyoucrying?W:Idon’tknow!It’sjustsolovelywhenpeopleallpulltogethertohelpthoseinneed.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whichstateisknownforitsoranges?A.Oregon. B.Alabama. C.Florida.19.WhatdoesOregonhaveareputationfor?A.Itsorganicfood.B.Itslargepopulation.C.ItsLatinAmericancuisine.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.TheeatinghabitsofAmericans.B.ThefamousfoodinsomeUSstates.C.ThecharacteristicsofsomestatesintheUS.【答案】18.C19.A20.C【原文】M:Hello,everyone.Intoday’sprogram,we’llgettoknowthecharacteristicsofsomestatesintheUnitedStates.Floridahasalotofamusementparksandtouristspots.Thesunshinestateisalsoknownforitsoranges.Sowhateveryoueatforbreakfast,therewillbeatallglassofdeliciousorangejuice.Havingthecountry’slargestpopulationofCubanAmericans,FloridafeaturesLatinAmericancuisine.IfDisneyWorldisoutofyourpricerange,youcanstillgetanexcellentmealinFlorida.AnyonelookingtoeathealthilyontheirnextvacationshouldconsiderthebeaverstateOregon.Oregonhasgainedaheartyreputationforitsorganicfood.Itservesupfreshfruitandvegetables.Ofalltheproduce,thepearshouldbeatthetopofyourlist.It'sthestate'sofficialandbest-sellingtreefruit.Itproducesnearly800millionpearsyearly.Oregon’sfoodisn’tjustvariedbutalsoperfectforeatingonthego.Youcanenjoyaplentifulmealwhileexploringthestate’snaturalwonders.Innextedition,we’lltalkabouttheyellowhammerstateAlabamaandthepotatostateIdaho.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanteffortlessmobilitythatgoeswhereveryoudo?MeettheJourneyAirElite—theultra-lightfoldablepowerchairthat’sasportable(便携的)asitispowerful.Features●Ultra-LightweightandDurable:Weighingonly26pounds(withoutbattery)withacarbonfiberframe,thispowerchairisveryeasytolift,fold,andtransportwithoutsacrificingstrength.●EffortlessControl&Convenience:Foldsintoitselfwithasimple,tool-freeprocess,makingitidealfortransportandtravel.●AutomaticElectronicBraking(刹车):TheJourneyAirElite’sadvancedbrakingsystemengagesautomaticallywhenthejoystickisreleased,ensuringasafeandcontrolledstop.●ReadytoUseRightOutoftheBox:Arrivesfullyready-to-go,offeringdependableperformanceacrossvariousindoorandoutdoorsurfaces.ShippingWhenyouplaceanorder,itisshippedwithin2businessdays.Standardgrounddeliverytakes4—9businessdaysaftershipment.Presently,weareabletofulfillordersonlyintheUS.ReturnsWeofferfreeexchangesifyou’dpreferadifferentitem.Ifyouchoosetoreturnyourpurchase,you’llberesponsibleforthereturnshippingfee.Contactusat800-958-8324within21daystofacilitateexchangesorreturns.Warranty(保修)JourneyHealth&Lifestyleguaranteestheframe,mechanical,andelectricalcomponentsincludingthemotortobefreefromproblemsinmaterialsandworkmanshipforaperiodof12monthsfromtheoriginalpurchasedate.Theoriginallysuppliedbattery,tires,fabricseat,seatback,andseatcushionareallwarrantiedtobefreefromfaultsinmaterialsandworkmanshipforaperiodof6monthsfromtheoriginalpurchasedate.21.WhatisacharacteristicoftheJourneyAirElite?A.Itrequirestoolsforfolding. B.Ithasanautomaticbrakingsystem.C.Itweighs26poundsintotal. D.Itneedstobesetupbeforefirstuse.22.Whatcanbelearnedaboutafter-salesserviceofthechair?A.Thecompanypaysforallreturnshipping.B.Customerscangettheirmoneybackatwill.C.Freelifetimetechnicalupdatesareprovided.D.Thebatteryhasashorterwarrantythantheframe.23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aschoolposter. B.Asciencereport.C.Acourseguide. D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】21.B22.D23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了JourneyAirElite超轻折叠电动轮椅的特点、运输、退换货和保修信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据Features部分中“AutomaticElectronicBraking(刹车):TheJourneyAirElite’sadvancedbrakingsystemengagesautomaticallywhenthejoystickisreleased,ensuringasafeandcontrolledstop.(自动电子刹车：当操纵杆松开时，JourneyAirElite的先进制动系统会自动启动，确保安全可控地停车)”可知，JourneyAirElite的特点是它有自动制动系统。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Warranty(保修)部分中“JourneyHealth&Lifestyleguaranteestheframe,mechanical,andelectricalcomponentsincludingthemotortobefreefromproblemsinmaterialsandworkmanshipforaperiodof12monthsfromtheoriginalpurchasedate.(JourneyHealth&Lifestyle保证框架、机械和电气部件（包括电机）在自原始购买日期起12个月内无材料和工艺问题)”和“Theoriginallysuppliedbattery,tires,fabricseat,seatback,andseatcushionareallwarrantiedtobefreefromfaultsinmaterialsandworkmanshipforaperiodof6monthsfromtheoriginalpurchasedate.(原装的电池、轮胎、织物座椅、座椅靠背和座椅坐垫均保证在自原始购买日期起6个月内无材料和工艺缺陷)”可知，电池的保修期比框架短。故选D。【23题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Wanteffortlessmobilitythatgoeswhereveryoudo?MeettheJourneyAirElite—theultra-lightfoldablepowerchairthat’sasportable(便携的)asitispowerful.(想要无论走到哪里都能轻松移动吗？来看看JourneyAirElite——超轻折叠电动轮椅，它既便携又功能强大)”可知，文章主要介绍了JourneyAirElite超轻折叠电动轮椅的特点、运输、退换货和保修信息，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选D。BIn2013,at79,JaneGoodallhelpedreturnachimpanzee(黑猩猩)namedWoundatothewild.AsWoundasteppednervouslyoutofhercage,shesuddenlyleaptintoGoodall’sarms,huggingandkissingher—amomentofpuregracethatGoodallwouldcarryforever.Itfeltlikeathankyoufromallchimpanzees.Fordecades,GoodallhadlivedamongchimpanzeesinGombe.Shehadwatchedthemswingandfeastinthetrees,delightedwhentheynolongerranawayfromher,andcherishedthedaywhenDavid,agray-beardedchimpanzee,gentlyreachedouttoholdherhand.ButwhatamazedGoodallmostwaswhenshesawDavidprepareagrassstemtofish—hewasmakingtools.Thatsingleobservationerasedthelinebetweenhumansandanimals,shakinganthropologytoitscore.Shehadnoscientifictraining.DrawntoAfricasincechildhoodbyTarzan’stales,shearrivedin1957and,urgedbyLouisLeakey,immersedherselfinthewild.Over25years,hercarefulrecordsmadehertheworld’sforemostauthorityonchimpanzees.Hernamingofthemunsettledsomeofthescientistswhopreferredcoldnumbers.ButGoodallcouldnotreducethemtodigits.Theywereindividuals—Goliath,thefallenking;William,scarredandgentle,whomshenursedthroughfever;Figan,brightandbrave.Shenotedeverygesture,everycall,everycuriouslookdirectedather,apalestrangeroddlyblessedwithendlessbananas.In1990,shereturned,onlytofindthatGombe’sborderswereruined—treesfelled,earthbarren,villagersdesperate.Humans,giftedwithlanguageandforesight,shouldhavebeennature’sguardians.Theywerenot.In2002,shebecameaUNMessengerofPeace,thoughshepreferred“messengerofhope”.Fromheryouth,shehadsensedapurpose.InGombe,shefoundit.Amongtheshoutsandscreams,shewouldstoptowatchsunlightpassthroughthetreetops—momentsthatcarriedherbeyondtime,intolife’sdeepmystery.Hopefulandfearless,sheknewhernextgreatadventureawaited:dying.24.WhatdoesWounda’shugofGoodallindicate?A.Itwasacarefullytrainedbehavior.B.Itwasnottheirveryfirstencounter.C.Itrepresentedgratitudefromthechimpanzee.D.ItmarkedthestartofGoodall’sconservationwork.25.WhatisadiscoveryofGoodall?A.Chimpanzeescanmakeandusetools.B.Chimpanzeesaremoreactivethanexpected.C.Chimpanzeesmastervarioushuntingtechniques.D.Chimpanzeesnaturallyprefertostaywithhumans.26.Whatdothethreechimpanzeesmentionedinparagraph3suggest?A.Chimpanzeessharesimilaritieswithhumans.B.Goodallhadgenuineaffectionandrespectforthem.C.Goodallfacedmanychallengesinherresearchwork.D.Namingchimpanzeescontributestoscientificresearch.27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeGoodall?A.Hopefulandcooperative. B.Professionalandhumble.C.Sensitiveandconventional. D.Determinedandcourageous.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了简・古道尔深耕野外研究黑猩猩，发现其会制造工具的重大成果；她用心善待每只黑猩猩，晚年痛心生态破坏并投身公益，一生坚定无畏、心怀希望。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AsWoundasteppednervouslyoutofhercage,shesuddenlyleaptintoGoodall’sarms,huggingandkissingher—amomentofpuregracethatGoodallwouldcarryforever.Itfeltlikeathankyoufromallchimpanzees.(当旺达小心翼翼地走出笼子时，她突然跳进古道尔的怀里，紧紧抱住并亲吻着她——这一瞬间充满了纯粹的优雅，这一幕将永远留在古道尔的记忆中。仿佛所有黑猩猩都在向她致谢)”可推知，旺达对古道尔的拥抱代表着这只黑猩猩的感激之情。故选C项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ButwhatamazedGoodallmostwaswhenshesawDavidprepareagrassstemtofish—hewasmakingtools.Thatsingleobservationerasedthelinebetweenhumansandanimals,shakinganthropologytoitscore.(但最让古道尔感到惊讶的是，当她看到大卫准备一根草茎去钓白蚁时——他正在制作工具。这一观察使人类与动物之间的界限消失，动摇了整个人类学的基础)”可知，古道尔的发现是黑猩猩能制造和使用工具。故选A项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hernamingofthemunsettledsomeofthescientistswhopreferredcoldnumbers.ButGoodallcouldnotreducethemtodigits.Theywereindividuals—Goliath,thefallenking;William,scarredandgentle,whomshenursedthroughfever;Figan,brightandbrave.Shenotedeverygesture,everycall,everycuriouslookdirectedather,apalestrangeroddlyblessedwithendlessbananas.(她给它们命名的行为让一些更喜欢冷冰冰数字的科学家感到不安。但古道尔无法将它们简化为数字。它们是独立的个体——比如“戈利阿特”，这位曾经的“国王”；威廉满身疤痕却温柔，是她在他发烧时悉心照料的病人；菲甘则聪明勇敢。她留意着他的每一个动作、每一声呼唤、每一个投向她的好奇目光，而她这个苍白的陌生人却意外地拥有了无尽的香蕉)”可知，第三段中提到的那三只黑猩猩表明了古道尔对它们怀有真挚的关爱与尊重。故选B项。【27题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，古道尔数十年在野外研究黑猩猩，持续记录黑猩猩的行为，即便面对部分科学家的质疑仍坚持自己的研究方式，体现出她的坚定；她无专业科学训练却深入野外研究，见证环境破坏后积极奔走，始终满怀希望且无所畏惧面对生命与死亡的课题，体现出她的勇敢。由此可推知，古道尔是一个坚定且勇敢的人。故选D项。CWhendangerapproaches,manycreaturesseemtofollowtheancientproverbthat“theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend”.Researchershaverecentlybeenfindingsurprisingwaysthatanimalscommunicatewithotherspeciesinthiskindofcooperativedefenseagreement.Forexample,arecentstudyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondocumentedmorethan20birdspeciesonfourcontinentsthatmakevirtuallyidentical“whining”callswhentheyspotbroodparasites(巢寄生鸟类)suchascuckoos.“Thatcallisessentiallythewordfor‘cuckoo’—gatheringindividualstocometogetheragainstthiscommonenemy,”saysstudyco-leadauthorJamesKennerley.Broodparasiteslayeggsinotherbirds’nests,trickingthehostparentsintoraisingtheirchicksforthem.AtafieldsiteinAustralia,Kennerleyhaswitnessedindividualsfromadozenormorespeciesattackacuckooinresponsetoachorusofwhiningcalls,whichcanbesoferociousthatKennerleyandhiscolleaguesneedtocagethemodelcuckoousedintheirexperimentstoprotectit.Otherwisetheattackingbirdswouldhave“justcompletelytornitintopieces”,Kennerleysays.Manybirdsalsoshareacommonvocabularyforenemies.WildlifeecologistErickGreeneandothersfindsongbirdsandredsquirrelsusehigh-pitched“seet”callstowarnofflyinghunters—toohighforthehunterstohear.Ifthehunterlands,theyswitchto“attack”callsthat,asGreeneputsit,“drawinthegrouptodrivethathunterout.”Monkeys,lemurs,andchipmunksrecognizeotherspecies’alarmcalls.Incoralreefs,unrelatedfishexchangevisualandchemicalsignstoavoidpredators(捕食者).Butcooperativedefenseisnottheonlyreasonforcross-speciescommunication.Itmayhelpbirdsmigrateandenhancefoodintakeamongmixed-speciesmonkeygroupsanddolphingroups.“However,unlikewithalarmcalls,researchersaren’tsureiftheygivewarningsonpurposeorjustrandomlyfollowotherbirds.Butclearly,verycomplexmulti-speciescommunicationnetworksarecommon,”Greenesays.“Itdevelopsasenseofconnectionamonganimals,encouragingthemtokeepaneyeononeanotherintheirsharedsurroundings.”28.Whydoestheauthormentiontheproverbinparagraph1?A.Toshowthatanimalsaresimilartohumans.B.Toexplainhowanimalsidentifytheirfriends.C.Tointroducethetopicofcross-speciescooperation.D.Toprovethechangeabilityofcross-speciesrelationships.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ferocious”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Organized. B.Intense. C.Brief. D.Cautious.30.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthecooperativedefense?A.Itmainlyhappensamongbirdspecies.B.Itreliesonresearchers’interventiontobeeffective.C.Itinvolvesdifferentspeciesrespondingtoasharedthreat.D.Itrequiresanimalstousethesametypeofsoundtosendwarnings.31.WhichofthefollowingmayGreeneagreewith?A.Animalsmaynotsignalintentionally.B.It’surgenttoprotectcertainspecies’habitats.C.Songbirdstendtouseloudcallstofrightenawayhunters.D.Themulti-speciescommunicationistoocomplextotrack.【答案】28.C29.B30.C31.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物间跨物种合作防御的现象、方式及复杂的多物种交流网络的存在。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whendangerapproaches,manycreaturesseemtofollowtheancientproverbthat“theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend”.Researchershaverecentlybeenfindingsurprisingwaysthatanimalscommunicatewithotherspeciesinthiskindofcooperativedefenseagreement.(当危险来临时，许多生物似乎都遵循着古老的谚语“敌人的敌人是朋友”。研究人员最近发现，动物在这种合作防御协议中与其他物种交流的方式令人惊讶)”可知，作者提到这句谚语是为了引出跨物种合作这一主题。故选C。【29题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“AtafieldsiteinAustralia,Kennerleyhaswitnessedindividualsfromadozenormorespeciesattackacuckooinresponsetoachorusofwhiningcalls,whichcanbesoferociousthatKennerleyandhiscolleaguesneedtocagethemodelcuckoousedintheirexperimentstoprotectit.Otherwisetheattackingbirdswouldhave“justcompletelytornitintopieces”,Kennerleysays.(在澳大利亚的一处野外研究地点，肯纳利（Kennerley）目睹了十几种甚至更多种类的鸟儿，在听到一阵哀鸣声后，群起攻击一只杜鹃。这场攻击如此ferocious，以至于肯纳利和他的同事们不得不用笼子罩住实验中使用的杜鹃模型，以保护它。肯纳利说，否则的话，那些攻击的鸟儿“会把它撕得粉碎”)”可知，攻击的鸟儿非常凶猛，否则会把模型杜鹃撕成碎片，所以ferocious意为“凶猛的，强烈的”，与Intense意思相近。故选B。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Forexample,arecentstudyinNatureEcology&Evolutiondocumentedmorethan20birdspeciesonfourcontinentsthatmakevirtuallyidentical“whining”callswhentheyspotbroodparasites(巢寄生鸟类)suchascuckoos.“Thatcallisessentiallythewordfor‘cuckoo’—gatheringindividualstocometogetheragainstthiscommonenemy,”saysstudyco-leadauthorJamesKennerley.(例如，最近发表在《自然生态与进化》上的一项研究记录了四大洲20多种鸟类在发现杜鹃等巢寄生鸟类时会发出几乎相同的“哀鸣”声。“这种叫声本质上就是‘杜鹃’这个词——召集个体聚集起来对抗这个共同的敌人，”该研究的共同主要作者JamesKennerley说)”以及第五段中“Monkeys,lemurs,andchipmunksrecognizeotherspecies’alarmcalls.Incoralreefs,unrelatedfishexchangevisualandchemicalsignstoavoidpredators(捕食者).(猴子、狐猴和花栗鼠能识别其他物种的警报声。在珊瑚礁中，无关的鱼类会交换视觉和化学信号以躲避捕食者)”可知，合作防御涉及不同物种对共同威胁的反应。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““However,unlikewithalarmcalls,researchersaren’tsureiftheygivewarningsonpurposeorjustrandomlyfollowotherbirds.Butclearly,verycomplexmulti-speciescommunicationnetworksarecommon,”Greenesays.(“然而，与警报声不同的是，研究人员不确定它们是有意发出警告，还是只是随机跟随其他鸟类。但显然，非常复杂的多物种交流网络很常见，”Greene说)”可知，Greene认为动物可能不是有意发出信号的。故选A。DTheplaceboeffect,whereapatient’sbeliefinfluencestreatmenteffectiveness,wasoncedismissedasunscientificbutisnowrecognizedasagenuinetherapeutictool.InanewstudypublishedinNatureMedicine,researchershavebeguntouncoveritsinnerworkingsbyrevealingthatpositiveexpectationscanboosttheimmune(免疫的)system’sresponsetovaccination(疫苗接种).Toexplorethebrain’sroleinimmunity,researchersfromTelAvivUniversityfocusedonthemesolimbicnetwork,abrainregionassociatedwithreward-relatedbehaviorandalsoknownasanarealinkedtoimmunefunctioninmice.Theygathered85volunteersforbraintrainingthatallowedthemtoinfluencenervousprocessesnormallyoutsideconsciouscontrol.Thevolunteersweredividedintothreegroups;onetrainedtoactivatethebrain’srewardsystem,anothertrainedtoactivateanunrelatednetwork,andathirdthatreceivednotraining.Eachgroupcompletedfoursessions,inwhichthoseintraininggroupsdevelopedandimprovedtheirindividualstrategiestoshiftactivitytotheassignedregion.Immediatelyafterthefinalsession,everyonereceivedahepatitisBvaccination.Bloodtestsshowedastrongconnectionbetweenbrainactivityandtheimmunesystem.Higheractivityinabrainregionlinkedtopleasureandrewardwasassociatedwithhigherantibodylevels.Theresearcherssuggestthisisthefirstdirectevidenceofabrain-immuneregulatory(调节)systeminhumans.Theresearchersfoundthatsustainedactivityintheventraltegmentalareaofthebrainwasspecificallylinkedtopositiveexpectations—hopefulthoughtsaboutthefuture—andthatthisconnectionstrengthenedwithtraining.Incontrast,generalpositiveemotions,suchaspleasureorlove,didnotdisplaysucharelationship.Theteam’sresearchprovidesconvincingevidenceforthebrain’sinfluenceonphysiology(生理学),andalsohelpstounderstandthebiologicalmechanismoftheplaceboeffectitself.Positiveexpectationshavelongbeenlinkedtoplaceboresponses,butresearchershavenowobservedtheirspecificrole.Whilemoretrialsareneeded,thisbrain-bodylinkgivesapotentiallyunderusedclinicaltoolafirmerscientificbasis.32.WhatdoesthestudypublishedinNatureMedicinemainlyfind?A.Theplaceboeffectisunscientifictosomeextent.B.Positivethinkingcanimprovethebody’sdefense.C.Themesolimbicnetworkisdirectlylinkedtoimmunefunction.D.Braintrainingisaneffectivewaytoinfluencenervousprocesses.33.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftheexperiment.B.Thestandardforparticipantselection.C.Thewidevarietyofvolunteers’strategies.D.Thedifficultyincontrollingbrainactivity.34.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itsupportstheclinicaluseoftheplaceboeffect.B.Itshowstrainingstrengthensgeneralpositiveemotions.C.Itexplainshowpleasuredirectlyinfluencesphysiology.D.Itidentifiesthebrainactivitylinkedtopositiveexpectations.35.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HepatitisB:VaccinationSavesLivesB.BrainTraining:ThoughtsAffectHealthC.ThePlaceboEffect:MindInfluencesBodyD.ThePlaceboEffect:ImmunityPromotesHappiness【答案】32.B33.A34.A35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了发表在《自然医学》上的一项新研究揭示了安慰剂效应的内在机制，即积极期望可增强免疫系统对疫苗接种的反应。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“InanewstudypublishedinNatureMedicine,researchershavebeguntouncoveritsinnerworkingsbyrevealingthatpositiveexpectationscanboosttheimmune(免疫的)system’sresponsetovaccination(疫苗接种).(在发表在《自然医学》上的一项新研究中，研究人员开始揭示其内在机制，他们发现积极期望可以增强免疫系统对疫苗接种的反应)”可知，发表在《自然医学》上的研究主要发现积极思考可以改善身体的防御能力。故选B。【33题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thevolunteersweredividedintothreegroups;onetrainedtoactivatethebrain’srewardsystem,anothertrainedtoactivateanunrelatednetwork,andathirdthatreceivednotraining.Eachgroupcompletedfoursessions,inwhichthoseintraininggroupsdevelopedandimprovedtheirindividualstrategiestoshiftactivitytotheassignedregion.Immediatelyafterthefinalsession,everyonereceivedahepatitisBvaccination.(志愿者被分为三组；一组接受激活大脑奖励系统的训练，另一组接受激活无关网络的训练，第三组不接受训练。每组完成四个疗程，在每个疗程中，训练组的志愿者制定并改进各自的策略，将活动转移到指定区域。最后一次课程结束后，所有人都接种了乙肝疫苗)”可知，第三段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选A。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theteam’sresearchprovidesconvincingevidenceforthebrain’sinfluenceonphysiology(生理学),andalsohelpstounderstandthebiologicalmechanismoftheplaceboeffectitself.Positiveexpectationshavelongbeenlinkedtoplaceboresponses,butresearchershavenowobservedtheirspecificrole.(该团队的研究为大脑对生理的影响提供了令人信服的证据，也有助于理解安慰剂效应本身的生物学机制。长期以来，积极期望一直与安慰剂反应有关，但研究人员现在已经观察到其具体作用。)”可知，这项研究的意义在于它支持了安慰剂效应的临床应用。故选A。【35题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Theplaceboeffect,whereapatient’sbeliefinfluencestreatmenteffectiveness,wasoncedismissedasunscientificbutisnowrecognizedasagenuinetherapeutictool.InanewstudypublishedinNatureMedicine,researchershavebeguntouncoveritsinnerworkingsbyrevealingthatpositiveexpectationscanboosttheimmune(免疫的)system’sresponsetovaccination(疫苗接种).(安慰剂效应是指患者的信念影响治疗效果，这种效应曾被认为是不科学的，但现在被认为是一种真正的治疗手段。在发表在《自然医学》上的一项新研究中，研究人员开始揭示其内在机制，他们发现积极期望可以增强免疫系统对疫苗接种的反应。)”可知，文章主要说明了安慰剂效应的内在机制，即积极期望可增强免疫系统对疫苗接种的反应。可知，C选项“安慰剂效应：心灵影响身体”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aswearehighlysocialcreatures,socialapprovalisembedded(嵌入)inourDNA.____36____Thediverseexperiencesandperspectivescansometimescreateconflicts.Althoughbeingdislikedcanfeelupsetting,youcanfindvalueinit.Acceptingthatyouwon’tbeeveryone’scupofteacanbeempowering—especiallywhenyoulearntolikeyourselfunconditionally.It’simportanttoacknowledgeandvalidateyourownfeelings.Recognizethis:Thefearofbeingdislikedisacommonresponsetothethreatofsocialrejection.____37____Knowingthiscanhelpreducethesenseofshamethatoftenaccompaniesit.Itcanalsobebeneficia