Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇讲解讲义 2022-2023学年人教版人教2019高中英语选择性必修第一册

U1单词讲解Step1Learnthewordsonebyone:writedownthewordswithoutreference.physiology n. 生理学;生理机能artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素crucial a. 至关重要的;关键性的malaria n. 疟疾vital adj 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的commit v. 承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commitoneselftosth承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校academic adj. 学业的;学术的objective n. 目标;目的adj.客观的botanical adj. 植物学的evaluate vt. 评价;评估property n. 性质;特征;财产Step2Step2Key&difficultpoints★crucialadj.至关重要的/关键性的synonyms同义词important/vital/essential/significantCollocations关键性的因素/问题/决定:acrucialfactor/issue/decision对……是至关重要的/关键性的:becrucialto/forsth……是极其关键的:It'scrucialthat...Familywordsadv.关键地cruciallyPracticeWinningthiscontractiscrucialtothesuccessofthecompany.赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。你的决心和努力对于事业的成功是至关重要的。（Translate）YOurdeterminationandhardworkarecrucialtoyourcareersuccess.__Itiscrucialthat_thepatientshouldbesenttothehospitalimmediately.病人应该被立刻送去医院很重要。★vitaladj.必不可少的，极其重要的;充满生机的Familywordsvitalityn.生命力；活力；热情→vitallyadv.极其；绝对Collocations1.bevitalto/for对……至关重要2.Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是至关重要的。3.Itisvitalthat……是至关重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should+)动词原形)Practice1)Perseveranceisvitaltosuccess.毅力(perseverance)对于成功至关重要(Translation)。2)Itwasvitaltogivefirstaidtotheinjuredman.对这位伤者实施急救是至关重要的(Translation)。3)It'svitalthatwe(should)helpchildrensetcorrectmoralvalues.我们帮助孩子树立正确的道德价值观是至关重要的。★commitvt.承诺,保证(某个人、机构等）vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)Familywordscommitmentn.承诺；保证；允诺承担；奉献→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的Meanings&Collocations1.Thisisamanwhohascommittedacrime.犯罪2.Thereareunconfirmedreportsthathetriedtocommitsuicide. 自杀 3.Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.承诺/保证 4.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommittedtothisproject.投入PracticeTuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,Chinaon30December1930.屠呦呦,一个坚定又有耐性的科学家,于1930年12月30号出生于中国宁波。Wearecommittedtoimprovingservices.我们致力于改善服务=wecommitourselvestoimprovingservices=becommittedto…..Hecommitshimselftothecauseofeducation.他投身于教育事业Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettlingthedispute(争端)peacefully.双方承诺和平解决争端。★objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的Familywords:objectn.物体；物品；东西；目的；目标；宾语v.不同意；不赞成；反对~(tosb/sth)|~(todoingsth/tosbdoingsth)antonym:主观的：Practice我们要对这件事持客观的态度。Step1Learnthewordsonebyone:writedownthewordswithoutreference.distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的extract n. 提取物;摘录vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出wormwood n. 蒿;洋艾boil vt.＆vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开m.沸腾;沸点liquid n. 液体;液体的;液态的obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得;贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢defeat n. 失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜analyse v. 分析apparently adv. 显而易见;看来;显然substance n. 物质;物品;事实根据insist vi.＆vt.坚持;坚决要求insiston 坚決要求scientific adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的★acknowledgevt.承认（事实、权威等）;（公开）感谢；告知收悉Familywords______________n.承认；感谢Meanings&CollocationsWithnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealingthelady'spurse.IwishtoacknowledgeyourassistanceinmyEnglishstudy.Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthatheisthebestplayerintheteam.Allapplicationswillbeacknowledged.[词语辨析]①acknowledge指公开“承认”事实或过错。②admit强调被迫承认。③recognize指正式“承认”“公认”主权、权利等。Practice 1.大家认为谷爱凌既努力又幸运。(Translation)______________________________________________________________2.我想感谢所有来自家人的帮助。(Translation)_______________________________________________________________★defeatn.失败,挫败vt.击败,战胜Synonym同义词beat:todefeatordobetterthan打败，战胜Collocations遭受失败：sufferadefeat承认失败：acknowledge/admitdefeatPractice1.Defeatisnottheworstoffailures.Nottohavetriedisthetruefailure.(Translation)挫败并不是最糟糕的失败，不去尝试才是真正的失败。2.Ourteamwasnarrowlydefeatedinthefinal.(Translation)我们队以微弱劣势败北。★apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然Familywordsadj.apparent显而易见；明白易懂；显然Synonym同义词obvious;evident;distinct;noticeableCollocationsItisapparent/obviousthat...……是显而易见的PracticeHepaused,apparentlylostinthought.他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。2)很显然，他听到这个震惊的消息非常难过。★insistvi.＆vt.坚持/坚决要求；坚持说/固执己见Collocation:insiston/upon(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事2)insistthat...坚持…①坚持说/认为……(从句内容表示一个事实,从句谓语按实际需要选择时态)②强烈要求/坚持……(从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可以省略)PracticeThoughallhisfriendsblamedhim,______________________________________.尽管他所有的朋友都责备他,但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。Mymotherinsisted____________________________________________妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。He___________________________________________aftergraduatingfromcollege.他坚持大学毕业后去做志愿者。Step1Learnthewordsonebyone:writedownthewordswithoutreference.mostly adv. 主要地;一般地wearandtear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗conclusion n. 结论;推论penicillin n. 青霉素;盘尼西林flee vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开;逃跑circumstance n. usuallypl条件；环境;状况novelist n. 小说家novel n. (长篇)小说flow n. 流;流动;流畅;供应v.流;流动chart n. 图表v.记录;制订计划flowchart 流程图found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在infer vt. 推断;推定politician n. 从政者;政治家;政客★conclusionn.结论；推论；结束；结果；结尾；结局Familywords___________vt.推断出,得出结论vi.结束,终止Collocations<n.>(1)得出结论:_______________________________________(2)最后；总之(finally)：______________________________<v.>(3)从……中得出结论:_________________________________Practice我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情________________________________________________________.最后,我要感谢你们为我所做的一切.________________________________________________________★circumstancen.(常用复数）条件、环境、状况Collocations1)在……情况下:_________________________决不；无论如何不:____________________________注：inanycircumstances在任何情况下辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和environment都含有“环境”“状况”之意。Eg:Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.总结：circumstance指“情况”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”environment指“生活环境”“周围状况（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。Practice1)任何情况下绝不能给自己的懒惰找借口。★foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在Familywords___________n.创办者，发起人→_____________n.基础；地基；基金会；创立△v.找到/发现find-________-_________△fundn.资金/基金；v.为…提供资金/资助fund-raisingCollocations1）把……建立在:________________2）为…奠定基础:____________________Practice1）清华大学创办于1911年。2)Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandmutualrespect.★flown.①流/流动；②流畅/连贯；③不断供应；vi.流；流动CollocationsTimeflowsaway.Tearsfloweddownone’scheeks.aflowofpeople/carsThelinesinthispaintingflow.Step1Learnthewordsonebyone:writedownthewordswithoutreference.numerous a 众多的;许多的theory n. 理论;学说relativity n. 相对论;相对性formula n. 公式;方程式;配方genius n. (pl,genuses)天才;天资;天赋gentle adj. 温柔的;文静的patent n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的passion n. 酷爱;激情doctorate n. 博士学位extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的gradually adv. 逐渐地;逐步地photoelectric adj. 光电的cometopower (开始)掌权;上台★passionn.酷爱；激情Familywords_________adj.热诚的；狂热的；→___________adv.强烈地；充满热情地synonyms同义词___________Collocations充满激情：___________勃然大怒：___________对…热爱：___________=___________Practice________________________________________________.无论多大岁数，人应该总是在生活中充满激情。2）自从我很小的时候，我就热爱英语。这就是我为什么选择英语作为专业的原因之一。________________________________________________________________________________.3)Tango

is

a

_________(passion)

dance,

which

bringsthe

dancers

together

in

a

way

words

can't

express.

★extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的;意想不到的MeaningIfyoudescribesomethingorsomeoneextraordinary,youmeanthattheyhavesomeextremelygoodorspecialquality._____________Ifyoudescribesomethingas

extraordinary,youmeanthatitisveryunusualorsurprising.___________Collocations卓越的成就________________________一位杰出的女性____________________Practice1)我们在抗击新冠疫情方面取得了巨大的进步________________________________________________.2)Thetaskrequiresextraordinarypatienceandendurance.

_________________________________.★cometopower开始掌权，上台Familywordsadj.__________强有力的；有影响力的；健壮的Collocations(开始)当权(不能接时间段)____________当权，上台(可以接时间段)____________尽全力____________________Practice下定决心做一件事后，你就要拼尽全力。否则，你会有遗憾。________________________________________________________________.这个领导上台后全心全意为人民服务。________________________________________________________________.Step1Learnthewordsonebyone:writedownthewordswithoutreference.institution n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗institute n. (教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑consequence n. 结果;后果takeupaposition 担任;任职moustache n. 上唇的胡子;髭peculiarity n 个性;特点;怪异的性质encounter vt. 偶然碰到;遇到n.邂适;遭遇professor n. 教授mourn vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤remarkable adv 非凡的;显著的device n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器sum v. 总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和sumup 总结;概括draft n. 草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟★consequencen.结果；后果Familywords___________adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→___________adv.结果；所以Collocations__________________[正式用语]结果；因此=_____________________________[正式用语]由于……的缘故=__________________PracticeHebrokethelaw,andnowhemust_________________________（承担……带来的后果）hisactions.2.Myfathercoughsfrequently_______________________________（由于……的缘故）smoking.3.Hisdeathwastotallyunexpectedand,________________（因此）,noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.★encounterv.遇见（尤指令人不快或困难的事）；偶然碰到Synonyms遭遇；遇到：__________________偶然碰到：__________________Collocations&pract