专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷78

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷78

一、选择题（本题共74题，每题1.0分，共74分。）

LakeTrummcninsouthernSwedenusedtobeapolluted,wccd-chokcdmess.Now,after

a$14millioncleanup,batherscrowditsclearbluewaterinsummer.Vaxjo,acityof

80,000thatsitsonitsshores,isvyingtobethemostenvironmentallypristineplacein

Sweden.Thetown'scarfleetisbeingconvertedtobiogas,acleanfuelbasedonmethane,

andanewbiofuelfactoryhascreated320jobs.Vaxjohascutitscarbondioxide

emissionsbyathirdoverthepast15years,andthetownevenchannelsleftoverheat

fromthelocalcrematoriumintohomes.Swedishbusinessandpoliticalleadersthink

placeslikeVaxjoareontosomething.Afewdecadesagothecountryledtheworldin

developingmobiletechnologythroughcompaniessuchasEricsson.Now,withtclccom

salesflattening,businessandpoliticalleadersthinkgreentechnologycouldsparkanew

exportboom-crucialtoSweden,whereexportsaccountformorethanhalfofgross

domesticproduct."Thereishugedemandaroundtheworldforthistechnology/1says

AndersBrannstrom,presidentofVolvoTechnologyTransfer,asubsidiaryoftruckand

busmakerVolvothathasinvestedabout$20millionincleantechcompanies.While

DenmarkhaswindpowergiantVestasandGermanyhasahostofbigoutfitssuchasQ-

Ccllsthatmakesolarcellsandpanels,Sweden'scleantechsectorismadeupmostlyof

smallercompanies.InVaxjo,forinstance,IVProduktmakesenergy-efficientventilation

systemsitexportsto15countries,fromBelgiumtoUkraine.Thecompanysaysthe

systemsmeanenergysavingsof80%,payingforthemselvesinabouttwoyears.Some

30%ofIVs$38.6millioninrevenuescamefromexportslastyear,anumberthatislikely

tohit50%by2012,sayssalesmanagerBjornFredriksson.InaBauhaus-likesuburban

researchparkoutsideStockholm,astartupcalledTranSICisdesigningcomputerchips

forthepowersystemsofhybridvehicles.AnddeepinthepineforestsofBodennearthe

ArcticCircle,SwcboBiocncrgymakessystemstobummanureandwoodchipsforheat.

Thecompany,withcloseto$8millioninannualsales,saysitisdelugedwithordersfrom

theU.S.andEurope."Thisisgoinglikeasteamroller,"saysexportmanagerMattias

Lindgren.Swedenboastssome3,500cleantechcompaniesthattogetherbookroughly

$14billioninrevenues.Exports,whichmakeupaboutaquarteroftheiroverallsales,

havegrown75%overthelastfouryears.Tofurtherboosttheindustry,thegovernmentis

earmarking$590millionforenvironmentalprojectsoverthenexttwoyears,including

$180milliontocommercializegreentech.NoneotherthanKingCarlXVIGustavhas

becomethegreenindustry'sbiggestpromoterandfan:Heheatshissuburban

DrottningholmPalacewithwoodpelletsanddriveshimselftoandfromStockholmina

darkblueVolvoC30stationwagonthatrunsonbiofuel.Wherepossible,lightbulbsin

theroyalresidencesarebeingreplacedwiththeenergy-savingvariety.Healsohasa

prototypecarthatrunsonhydrogen.The62-year-oldking,whoseenvironmental

activismgoesbacktohisBoyScoutdays,isalsotakingtotheroadtopitchSwedish

greenbusiness.HerecentlybrokegroundonaplantthatSwedishBiogasInternationalis

buildinginFlint,Mich."MotherEarthisnotfeelingwell,"thekingsays,"andshe's

reacting."Greenprojectssuchasthebiogasplantarconewaytohelprepairthedamage.

ThekingalsoseesSwedishexportsandtheenvironmentasnaturalpartners."We'rea

smallcountry,sowe'redependentonexports.Andwe'vealwayslivedinaclean

environment,closetonature,"Headmitschangeisn'teasybutsays,"Wehavetothink

inthelongterm,notshorttermaswehavebefore,butstillmakethishappenquickly.I

trytochangemyownthinking.Wehavetomakethishappenandnotjustdiscussit.I

don'tlikediscussions."AndinaninterviewwithBusinessWeek,hegentlychidesone

reporterforflyingtoStockholmtotalkinsteadofpickingupthephone.

1、Accordingtothepassage,thedevelopmentofgreentechnologyhasresultedinthe

followingchangesinVaxjoEXCEPT.

A、creationofadditionaljobs

B、improvementofenvironmentalprofile

C^growthofenergydemand

D、betterenergyefficiency

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第一段倒数第二句提到，一座新的生物燃料厂创造了320个

工作岗位，因此排除［A］；第一段第二、三句分别提到，清理后的Trummen湖水质

清澈、碧波荡漾，吸引了众多游客前来洗浴，坐落在Trummen湖边的韦克舍市正

在成为瑞典环境最洁净的地方。可知，韦克舍市的环境形象得到了提升，因此排除

IB］；第一段末句提到，该市甚至利用火葬场的余热为城市家庭供暖，因此排除

［D］；文中没有提及能源需求的增加，故答案为［C］c

2^WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTprovideanincentiveforthegrowthofcleantech

industryinSweden?

A、Fundingfromthegovernment.

B、Tremendouscustomerdemand.

C、Successfulexamplesofgiantcompanies.

D、Shiftinthetelecomindustry.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第三段首句提到，丹麦拥有风力发电行业的巨人企业维斯塔

斯公司，德国拥有众多大公司制造太阳能电池和电池板，而与之不同的是瑞典的清

洁科技产业主要由中小企业组成，故答案为［0。第五段第三句提到，瑞典政府今

后两年将为环保项目拨款5亿9千万美元用以推进清洁科技产业，其中1亿8千万

美元将用于清洁技术的商业化，故排除［Ah第二段第四句提到，全世界对绿色技

术有着巨大需求，故排除［B］；第二段第三句提到，随着电信市场逐渐趋于饱和，

瑞典企业界及政界领导人认为绿色技术有望为瑞典的出口事业带来新一轮的繁荣，

故排除［D］。

3、Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A、theSwedishkingfeltoffendedbythereporter'squestions

B、theSwedishkingusedtoworkforagreentechcompany

C、theSwedishking'sdutiesaremainlyofarepresentativeandceremonialnature

D、theSwedishkingisknownloralong-timeinterestinenvironmentalissues

标准答案：D''

知识点解析：推断题。第六段首句提到，62岁的瑞典国王是一位致力于环保的积

极活动家，他的环保行动可以追溯到童子军时代。由此可知，瑞典国王长期热衷于

环保事业，故答案为［D］。文章末段提到，国王温和地责备记者亲自乘飞机到斯德

哥尔摩而不是打电话进行采访，文中并未提及国王因记者采访的问题而受到冒犯，

故排除［A］；第六段第二句提到，最近他为一座工厂主持了破土动工仪式，|B］是对

原文的错误理解；文中并未提及瑞典的政治体制以及国王在其中的地位，故排除

［C］o

4、Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A^Sweden^GreenRoleModelCity

B、SwedenPutsItsBetsonGreenTech

C、TheApplicationofGreenTechinSweden

D、TheKingofSweden——AnEnvironmentalActivist

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。文章主要介绍了瑞典致力于发展环保产业的情况，内容涉及

环保技术应用的成功范例、环保产业在瑞典经济中的地位以及发展现状等儿个方

面，［A］、［CJ和［D］都只涉及文章内容的某个方面，不够全面，故排除。

TheyhelpedfleeingRomansevadeAttilatheHunandheldaglitteringcityaloftformore

than1,500years.ButthewoodenpilingsrisingoutoftheGrandCanalinVeniceareso

decayedthatasweclungtothemoneafternoonitwasn'tatallclearwhethertheywould

besturdyenoughtopreventusfromcapsizingintoitsmurkywaters.Itwasrushhourin

Venice,sothecanal'susualtumultofcrosscurrentsandtideswaschurningwiththewake

ofwatertaxis,ferriesanddeliveryboats.Eachvolleyofwavesslappedagainstthesideof

theinflatablekayakwewereusingtocrossItaly'smoststoriedwaterway:thepilings

wereourbestchancetoavoidbeingimmersedinit.Thisprobablywasn'tquitewhatmy

girlfriendhadinmindwhenwefirststartedthinkingaboutatriptoVenice.After

scouringguidebooks,wefoundthatthelogicalthingseemedtobetomoveaboutthecity

likeothertourists:byfoot,waterbusandtheoccasionaloverpricedgondolaride.Butas

novicecancers,wewereintriguedbythethoughtofexploringthewaterwaysourselves.

WespenthoursresearchingwhereandhowtorentasmallcraftinVenicebutfoundthat

thecombinationofItalianbureaucracyandthemightygondolierlobbyhasmadeit

virtuallyimpossible.Oursolution?Aninflatablekayakthat'sportableenoughtocheckas

luggageyetsturdyenoughtohold500poundsandwithstandtherigorsofClass11rapids.

Gettingittherewaseasybecauseitweighsjust32poundsandtucksintoasuitcase-sized

totebag(alongwithafootpump).Anditwassurprisinglyaffordable:ourtwo-person

kayak,byWestMarine,retailsfor$699,butwefoundonebrand-newoneBayfor

$163.44,aboutthepriceofa45-minutegondolaride.Paddlingthecanalsoffersa

visceralwaytoappreciateVenice'smythicwaters.Onapurelypracticallevel,it'salot

easiertogetlostwalkingVenice,withitstwistingpassagewaysandthousandsofalleys,

thantomaneuverthroughits200easilynavigablecanals.Thewateralsoofferseasier

accesstosomeofthecity'soverlookedneighborhoods,liketheJewishghettoin

Cannaregio.Ofcourse,anyattempttoexploreVenice'scanalsinvolvesaconfrontation

withtherealityofwateritself.LordByronandCasanovamayhaveswumthecanalsin

centuriespast,buttodayswiinmingisbannedfbrpublichealthreasons.Thecanalsarea

drainagebasinfor1.4millionpeopleintheareaaroundVenice,andasewersystemfor

the60,000residentsofthehistoriccenterandthe20milliontouristswhovisititeach

year.Dr.EdwardS.VanVleet,aUniversityofSouthFloridaMarinebiochemist,has

beenstudyingthecanalssince1985,andsaysthecombinationofchemicalpollutionand

householdwastemakeforaparticularlynoxiousmix.Themostsurprisingsensory

revelationoftravelingthecanalsisthesoundor,moreprecisely,thegloriousabsenceof

noise.BecauseVenicehasnocarsortrafficnoise,today'scityistruetoitscenturies-old

nickname,LaSerenissima,andthattranquilityisampiiHedonthewater.Afive-minute

paddlefromthetouristbedlamoftheRialtoareaquaticsidestreetswhereevenat

midday,thehushwasinterruptedonlybydropletsfromourpaddles.Andnearly

everywhereyoupaddlearesumptuousruins,signsofasinkingcity.Peerbehindtherusty

wrought-irongatesofmanyhomesthatabutthecanalandyoumightseepartly

submergedfirst-floorporches,foyersorsittingroomsthatwereabandonedlongago,as

risingwatersforcedtheresidentstofleeupstairs.Whilemanygondoliersseemnonetoo

pleasedattheprospectofsharingtheirwaterwayswithnonpayingtravelers,mostboaters

werepolite.Manypedestriansappearedbemusedbythenoveltyofakayak,snapping

photographs,wavingandshoutingtheoccasional"Buonaidea!"Outonthebustling

GrandCanal,however,thepaceistoofastandthewatertootreacherousforsuch

niceties.Ittookusthreedaysofmaneuveringthesidecanalstoworkupthecourageto

trytomakeitacrossthe60-yardwidthoftheGrandCanal,afeatthatatfirstglance

appearsaswiseascrossinganInterstateonatricycle.AswcpaddledfromtheRioDiS.

ZanDegolaontotheGrandCanal,wehuggedtheshoreline,thensprintedintoacoveof

half-rottedpilings,bufferingourselvesfromthewaves.Vaporettipoweredpastusfrom

bothdirections,watertaxisdartedby,anddeliveryboatsloadedwithappliances.After

twofalsestarts,wespottedacreaseintrafficandmadeadashforit.Watersplayedfrom

ourpaddlesaswesprintedoutintotheopenwater,swivelingourheadsleftandrightto

makesureweweren'tabouttoberammedbyaturnipboat.Afteraminuteofheavy

paddling,wchadreachedthemi(idleofthecanal,wherewaterwascalmerandthecity's

soundsagainseemedmuted.Thenwescurriedacrosstheotherbusylanes.Whenwe

reachedthebank,mercifully,therewasawinebarwaitingtocommemoratethe

achievement.

5、WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTabouttheauthor'skayak?

A、Second-hand.

Heavy.

CNCostly.

D、Stout.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。第四段第二句提到，这只充气式皮划艇很结实，可载重5。。

磅，适用于二级浪水域，故答案为［D］。第四段末句提到作者买到的是一只崭新的

皮划艇，故排除［A］；第四段第三句提到，把皮划艇带到威尼斯非常容易，因为它

仅重32磅，而且可放人旅行包携带，可见，其重量较轻，故排除［B］；第四段末句

提到皮划艇价钱不贵，可以承受，故排除［C|。

6、Accordingtotheauthor,paddlingakayakacrosstheGrandCanalis.

A^animpressiveanddistinctiveachievement

anactinvolvingriskanddanger

C、anactwhichisprohibitedbylaw

D、themostsensiblesolutioninaparticularsituation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。倒数第三段第二句提到，在旁边的小运河里操练了三天之久

后，我们才最终鼓起勇气横穿60码宽的大运河。并且倒数第二段末句提到，需要

小心翼翼以免被其他船只撞沉。由此可知，划小艇横穿大运河是极具危险性的行

为，故答案为［B］,同时排除［A］；文中并未提及在威尼斯使用皮划艇是否违法，故

排除［0；倒数第三段最后一句提到，这与骑着三轮自行车横跨州际公路是同样明

智的壮举，这里有讽刺意味，旨在强调两种行为同样不明智，故排除［D］。

7、Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat.

A、Venice'sbuildingsaresupportedbyancientwoodenpilings

B、Venicehaslessnoisethanmostcities

C、thekayakavoidedoverturningwiththehelpofthepilings

D、TheGrandCanalisseldombusywithboattraffic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。倒数第二段第二句提到，水上巴士从我们的两侧交错而过，

水上的士飞速地滑过水面，一艘艘满载的货船在河上奔忙。由此可知，大运河上交

通十分繁忙，故答案为［D］。第一段首句提到，借助这些木桩的支撑，一座炫目的

城市在水上漂浮了1,500多年。可见，威尼斯的建筑是以木桩为支撑的，故排除

［A］；第七段第二句提到，威尼斯没有汽车或是交通噪音，可以推知威尼斯比大多

数城市更为安静，故排除［B］；第二段末句提到，抓紧这些木桩是我们防止翻船的

最佳途径，故排除［C］。

8、PaddlingonthecanalsofVenicepresentsa(n)viewofthecity.

A、imaginative

B、panoramic

C^in-depth

D、superficial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。第五段首句提到“Paddlingthecanalsoffersavisceralwayto

appreciateVenice'smythicwaters.”其中"visceral"原意为"内脏的"，这里引申为“深

度的“。由此可知，皮划艇为欣赏水城提供了一种深度的游览方式，第五段末句提

至『'Thewateralsoofferseasieraccesstosomeofthecity'soverlooked

neighborhoods^,能够深人到水城的寻常小巷。可见，这样的方式同传统游览方式

相比更能深入水城的腹地，故答案为［C］。

HighinthemountainsofsouthernFrance,thesleepytownofAurillachasfewobvious

charmstoattracttheoutsider.Ifthesettingisscenic,itsclaimstofameareslender:a

thrivingumbrellaindustryandareputationasthecoldestplaceinthecountry.

Understandably,thetouristsstayaway.Except,thatis,foronehecticweekeachsummer,

whenthecommunityplayshosttotheInternationalFestivalofStreetTheater,an

extravaganzathatnowattracts100,000visitorskeentowatchperformersfromasfar

awayasPolandandChile.Thebarsfill:theshopsprosper."It'sputAurillaconthemap,”

saysfestivaldirectorJean-MarieSongy."We'reaplacethatpeoplevisitasopposedto

simplypassingby."Andascountlessfestivalorganizersandchambersofcommerce

haverealized,thelongervisitorsstay,themoretheyspend.Asthesummerseasondraws

toaclose,communitiesacrosstheworld—fromoutsizecitiestomodestvillages一are

countingtherewardsoftappingintothisboomingculturaleconomy.ThisyearEurope

alonewillstagesome400artsfestivals,rangingfromtheReykjavikJazzFestivaltothe

EdinburghInternationalFestivalofmusic,operaandtheater,whichlastmonthcelebrated

its60thanniversary.Alltheworldlovesaparty,itseems-especiallyonethatpaysits

ownway."Moreandmoreplacesarerecognizingthemassiveeconomic,culturaland

socialbenefitsofafestival,"saysJoannaBaker,theEdinburghfestival'smarketing

director.Tobesure,asuccessfulartsfestivalrepresentsahappyunionofcommercial

self-interestandpublicentertainment.Thoughmanyofeventhebest-knownfestivals

needpublicsubsidiestosurvive,theystillprovideanopportunitytoliftacommunity's

profileorpackitsrestaurantsandhotels.Festivalgoersfaceanincreasinglyeclecticarray

ofsubjects-andvenues.Barcelona,forone,boasts26majorartsfestivalsayear~~only

onemorethanMelbourne,Australia.Filmbuffscannowchoosebetweenshowingsin

citiesfromAarhusinDenmarktoZagreb,nottomentionthePan-AfricanFestivalof

FilmandTelevisioninBurkinaFaso.Ambitiouspromotersarenowlookingacross

borderstopushsuccessfulformulas.Inrecentyears,theHay-on-Wyeliteraryfestivalin

BritainhasestablishedsimilareventsinSegovia,Spain,andtheColombiancityof

Cartagena.Evennewcomerstothemarkethavelittleproblemfillingseats:Manchester

reportspackedhousesandreckonsit'sontargettoattract300,000visitorswithinafew

years.Totheoptimists,thosesurgingnumberssuggestawelcomechangeinpublic

tastes.ThenewBritishPrimeMinisterGordonBrownhasspokenoftheproliferating

literaryfestivals——Britainnowhasmorethan300,comparedwithjustthreebackin

19X3——asevidenceofanewcultural"seriousness."Othersbelievethecommunal

experienceoffestivalgoingprovidesausefulantidotetothesolitarypastimes—manyof

themelectronic-of21st-centurylife.Butfestivalfrenzycanbeloomuchofagood

thing.AreportpublishedlastyearfortheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwarnedthat

therisingtallyoffestivalswouldrapidlyincreasethecompetitionforaudiences.The

workadayportofRotterdamisnowhometoayear-roundseriesoffestivalsinpartto

keepupwithitsclassierneighbor,Amsterdam.Inanageofcheapairtravel,theopera

loverwithafreeweekendcanheadforRigaaseasilyasSalzburg.Andthere'safinite

supplyofsponsorsandpublicmoney,nottomentionperformers.Alreadythere's

grumblingoverrisingfeesforthebiggestnames.Criticsarguethatthewholepurposeof

thefestivalischanging."Festivalsusedtobelongtothepublic/*saysGetz."Nowthey

arealmostalwayscreatedforstrategicreasons."Inevitably,thatbringstheriskoflosing

distinctiveappeal."This'festivalization'iscreatingakindofhomogeneityproblemthat

festivalswerecreatedtosolve,"saidJanicePrice,bossofLuminato,Toronto'sFestivalof

ArtsandCreativity.Still,thebenefitsaresimplytoogoodtopassup.Culturalfestivals

arcemergingasthenewmust-haveforpostindustrialcitieskeentorecasttheirimages.

Redevelopingtherundownwaterfrontorcallinginbig-namearchitectsisonlythestart.

"Big,flashyiconicbuildingsarcnotenough,"saysFranThoms,headofCultural

StrategyatManchesterCityCouncilinBritain."Youneedtofillthespacebetweenthe

buildings-andthat'swherefestivalscomein."Ifallelsefails,citiescanfollowthe

exampleoflittleLeavenworth,Washington,andcompletelyrecreatethemselvesasa

festivalcenter.WhenLeavenworth'sloggingindustrycollapsed,thesettlementwas

remodeledtoresembleaBavarianvillagecapableofhostingarangeofculturalevents.

Result:2andahalfmillionvisitorsayear.Andareputationasadon't-missstoponthe

festivalcircuit.

9、Thefestivalboomseemstobeincreasingthecompetitionforthefollowingresources

EXCEPT.

A、festivalgoers

B、venues

C^funding

D、artists

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。第七段第二句提到，日益增多的艺术节可能会迅速加剧对观

众的争夺，故排除［A］；第八段提到，赞助者和资金来源都是有限的，更不用说表

演者了，而邀请知名人士参与艺术节的费用的不断攀升已经引起一些人的不满。可

见，艺术节的主办者需要争夺有限的资金以及知名艺术家，因此排除［C］和［D］：文

中并未提及需要争夺举办场所，故答案为［B］。

10、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

A、CulturalfestivalshelptorebuildtheeconomyinLeavenworth,Washington.

B、Authoritiesareconsideringsettingalimitonthenumberofartsfestivals.

C^Somesuccessfulfestivalshavebecomeprototypesforotherstoemulate.

D、Theeconomicandsocialbenefitsarealteringthepurposeoffestivals.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。文章末段提到，在伐木业出现衰落后，莱文沃思市通过转型

为文化艺术节胜地而获得了巨大的收益，故排除［A］；第五段前两句提到，雄心勃

勃的组织者们正在把举办艺术节的成功模式推广到其他国家，故排除［C］；倒数第

三段前三句提到，如今各地举办艺术节往往出于战略性原因，故排除［D］；文中虽

然谈到艺术节热的诸多弊端，但并未提及权威机构将会采取限制措施，［B］属于过

度推断，故为答案。

11>Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor'streatmentofthetopic?

A、Objective.

B、Positive.

C>Negative.

D、Biased.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：态度题。本文讨论的焦点是各地兴起的艺术节热，文章作者既谈到举

办艺术节带来的有利影响，也谈到艺术节热所引发的担忧，笔触较为客观，故答案

为［A］。

Faithschoolsandacademiesshouldbestrippedoftheirpowertochoosepupils,

accordingtoresearchthatsuggeststhatsomesecondaryschoolsarcfloutingnewrules

designedtopreventmiddle-classpupilsdominatingthebestcomprehensives.Researchers

altheLondonSchoolofEconomics,whostudiedmorethan3,000secondaryschool

admissionformsfor2008,saidthatfaithschoolsandotherestablishmentsthatcontrol

admissions,includingacademies,shouldhandoverthejobofallocatingplacestoan

independentbodytoensuregreaterfairness.AnneWest,directoroftheeducation

researchgroupattheLSEandleadauthorofthestudy,saidthatthiscouldbethelocal

authority,whichalreadycontrolsadmissionsforcommunityschools,orareligiousbody

suchasthediocesanauthority.Theresearchersfoundthatsomeschoolswereoperatinga

formofbackdoorselectionbyaskingforpersonalinformationaboutparents'marital

status,occupationandeducationalbackgroundandevenchildren'shobbies.Italsofound

thatasignificantminorityofnonselectiveschools—5percent—wereselectingpupilson

thebasisofaptitudeforaparticularsubject.Morethanhalfamillion11-year-oldsin

Englandwilldiscoverthisweekwhethertheyhavegotaplaceattheirpreferred

secondary.Earlyindicationssuggestthatnationallyuptoasixthofchildren,morethan

90,000pupils,couldbedisappointed.Anoveralldeclineinthenumberofapplications

meansthattheproportionofthosefailingtogettheirfirstchoiceislikelytofallslightly.

TheTimeshasconductedasurveyof65localauthorities.Theproportionofpupilsnot

gettingtheirfirstchoiceintheWestLondonboroughofKensingtonandChelseawas40

percent.FurtherwestinHillingdontheproportionwas29.5percent.InHertfordshire

thefigurewas33percent,inBournemouth29percentandinBristol19percent.Inthe

grammarschoolareasofKentandBuckinghamshire,theproportionswere21.5and

46.05percentrespectively.ProfessorWestsaidthatdespitetheintroductionofan

admissionscodein2007tooutlawbackdoorselectionseveralschoolshadbreachedihe

rulesinletterandinspirit.Thestudy,whichwasfundedbytheeducationcharityRISE

andtheEsmccFairbairnFoundation,foundthatsomeschoolswereusingsupplementary

informationformstoaskparentsopen-endedquestions,whichwouldindicateagreatdeal

abouttheparents'owneducationalandsocialbackground.Severalschoolsaskedabout

children'shobbiesandoneevenaskedchildrentocompletea100-wordstatement.

Anotherinvitedparentstomeettheheadteacherordeputy"todiscusstheapplicationfor

admission",despiteabanoninterviews.Asmallnumberofgrammarschools(15

percent)askedaboutparents'maritalstatusthroughindirectquestions,whichisalso

againsttherules.Thesheercomplexityofadmissionsproceduresdiscriminatedagainst

certaingroupsofparents,thereportsuggests.Morethanafifthofvoluntaryaided

schoolshaveatleastfouradmissionscriteriarelatingtoreligionandsomehaveasmany

as11.Closelytiedtothis.ProfessorWestsaid,wasthewidedegreeofdiscretionopento

schoolsthatcontrolledtheirownadmissions."Schoolsthatarctheirownadmission

authorityareintheoryinapositionto'creamskim1.Thismeansthattheyareable,ifthey

sowish,toselectpupilswhowillmaximisetheirexaminationleaguetableresults/'she

said."Wedonotknowwhatisgoingonbehindcloseddoors.Wedonotknowwhat

happensinvoluntaryaidedschoolsandhowitisdecidedwhetherornotaparticular

applicantisofferedaplace."Thestudyfoundthattheproportionofsecondaryschools

selectingpupilsbyaptitudehadrisenfrom3percentto5percentbetween2001and

2008.Nonselectiveschoolsthatspecialiseinspecificsubjectareasmayselectupto10

percentoftheirintakebyaptitude.TheLSEstudyfoundthatsomeschoolsusedprior

attainment,forexampleinmusicexaminations,asanindicatorofaptitude.This,

ProfessorWestsuggested,wastantamounttoselectingbyability.SarahMcCarlhy-Fry,

theSchoolsMinister,saidthattheLSEreportsupportedtheGovernment'sowntough

approachtotheadmissionscode."Admissionsauthoritiesmustensuretheir

arrangementsarenotunnecessarilycomplexsoastodisadvantagecertainfamilies,"she

said.Faithauthoritieswerehighlycriticalofthereport.TheRevJaninaAinsworth,chief

educationotilcerfortheChurchofEngland,saidthatthestudywasbasedonout-of-date

informationanddeniedthattheproceduresfordecidingachild'sreligiousaffiliationwere

complexorthatschoolshadtoomuchdiscretionarypower."Churchattendanceisthe

onlymeasureourschoolsusewhenallocatingplacesonthebasisoffaith,andyoucannot

getamuchsimplerwayofassessingwhethersomeonehasafaithcommitmentornot,"

shesaid.

12、Accordingtotheadmissionscode,secondaryschoolscan.

A^askaboutparcnts,maritalstatus

B>haveaninterviewwithparents

C、askaboutparents'educationalbackground

D^askchildrentomakeanapplication

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。第八段提到了招生守则。该段提到，2007年实施的招生守

则目的是禁止招生过程中的暗箱操作。前面第三段提到了暗箱操作包括很多形式，

如了解父母的婚姻状况、父母的职业和教育背景，以及学生的兴趣爱好等方面的信

息。第十段第二句提到［B］项的内容，有一所学校邀请父母和校长或者代理人见面

讨论招生申请，而这是被禁止的。因此可以排除［A］、［B］和［C］。第五段提到总申

请数量的下降意味着不能被首选学校录取的学生的比例也有可能略微降低，所以学

生想要进入哪所学校是需要提出申请的。因此，学校能要求学生提出申请，所以答

案为［D］。

13、WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefindingsoftheresearch?

Someschoolschosepupilswhogotexcellentresultsinmusicexaminations.

B、TheproportionofpupilsnotgettingtheirfirstchoiceinHillingdonwas29.5percent.

C、Someschoolswereaskingpersonalinformationaboutparents.

D^Thenumberofsecondaryschoolsselectingpupilsbyaptitudeincreased.

标准答案：B^

知识点解析：推断题。全文多处提到了该研究的发现。第十五段第二句提到该研究

发现，•些学校把学生以前的成绩，如在音乐考试中的成绩，作为确定学生能力的

指标，即学校会根据学生以前的音乐考试成绩来录取学生，［A］与此一致，故排

除；第三段提到研究者发现学校的暗箱操作有很多形式，其中包括了解父母的婚姻

状况、职业和教育背景，甚至学生的爱好等方面的个人信息，［C］与此一致，故排

除；第十四段提到研究发现中学根据能力录取学生的比例在2001到2008年间从

3%增长到了5%,［D］与此一致，故排除；第六段第三句提到，在希灵登地区，不

能被第一选择学校录取的学生的比例是29.5%,但是这是《泰晤士报》的调查得

出的结果，不是这项研究的发现，所以选［