2025~2026学年北京西城区高一下学期期末英语试卷

2025~2026学年北京西城区高一下学期期末英语试卷一、完形填空Whentheseaturtledidn’tdive,HerbandRhondaknewsomethingwaswrong.InAugust2022,thecouplewasoutontheirboatfishingintheChesapeakeBaynearthemouthoftheChoptankRiverwhenHerbbrieflysawaseaturtleatthe1ofthewater.RhondahadneverseenaseaturtleintheBaybeforeandwantedtogetacloserlook—maybeeventakea2—sotheyturnedback,hopingtheymightseeitagain.3,theturtlestayedinthesameplace,not4evenwhentheydrewnear.5,HerbandRhondacalledtheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources.TheDNRhelpedthem6theNationalAquariumAnimalRescue.Herbsentphotosandvideosoftheanimaltotheorganizationanditsmanager,KateShaffer,whoaskedhimtorecordhowoftentheturtlewasbreathing.Basedonthe7,Katerealizedtheturtlewasin8andneededimmediaterescue.Becausetheseaturtlewassolarge,theaquariumteam9helpfromtheMarylandNaturalResourcesPolicetobringitashore.HerbandRhondastayedbesidetheturtlefortwohourswhilethepoliceteamrushedtothescene.“Ourboathasanelectricmotor,sowecouldfloatbesideitwithoutdisturbingitandkeepaclose10,”Herbsaid.Rhondakeptspeaking11totheturtle,reassuringitthathelpwasontheway.ThepolicebroughttheturtletoshoreandmetKate.Sheconfirmedthatitsvitalsignswerenormal,soitcouldbetransportedtoBaltimore.There,rescueandveterinarystaffcarriedoutacomprehensive12andbeganmedicaltreatment.Forawhile,theturtle’ssurvivalwasuncertain.Luckily,aftermonthsoftreatmentandcare,itsconditiongraduallyimproved.OnMay10,ninemonthsafterthediscovery,HerbandRhondajoinedtheaquariumrescueteamtosaygoodbyetotheturtle.Theturtlecrawledontothesand,spunaroundasifshowing13toeveryone,andthenslippedbackintothesea.ToHerbandRhonda,thisturtleservesasa(n)14:whenweobserveandprotectthelivingcreaturesaroundus,wenotonlysavewildlifespeciesbutalsopreservethebeautyofnaturedeepinourhearts.Theexperienceleftadeepimpressiononthecouple.Theynowencourageotherstostay15andreportanyinjuredwildlifetheyencounter.Thiseventbecameanunforgettableexperienceforthem.1.A．surfaceB．bottomC．centerD．edge2.A．breakB．rideC．photoD．chance3.A．ObviouslyB．UnfortunatelyC．HopefullyD．Surprisingly4.A．movingB．breathingC．eatingD．floating5.A．ExcitedB．ConcernedC．DisappointedD．Relaxed6.A．joinB．visitC．contactD．locate7.A．timeB．planC．environmentD．information8.A．fearB．dangerC．peaceD．doubt9.A．refusedB．avoidedC．requestedD．ignored10.A．watchB．touchC．trackD．tie11.A．loudlyB．softlyC．nervouslyD．angrily12.A．surveyB．reviewC．examinationD．study13.A．courageB．interestC．worriesD．thanks14.A．researcherB．observerC．volunteerD．reminder15.A．awareB．calmC．freshD．friendly二、阅读理解Thereareplentyofwaysforstudentstoearnvolunteerhoursonlinewhilepursuingtheirinterests.Butwhatiftheirhobbiesdonotmatchthevolunteeropportunitiesofferedbytheirschool?Inthatcase,theycanexplorelocaloronlinevolunteeroptionsinstead.Wehaveputtogetheralistofresourcestohelpyouandyourteenagechildrendiscoverbothin-personandvirtualcommunityserviceopportunities:1.BeMyEyesIdealfor:studentswholovehelpingothersandinteractingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturesServicetype:VirtualBeMyEyesisamobileappthatconnectsblinduserswithsightedvolunteersthroughlivevideocalls.Ithelpsthe285millionblindorvisuallyimpaired(受损的)peoplearoundtheworldtackledailychallenges.Teenvolunteerscaninteractwithusersfromacrosstheglobeonthisplatform.Sincetheappservesusersinmanycountriesandlanguages,bilingualvolunteersarealwaysinhighdemand.Itisagreatopportunitytosocializeandpracticeforeignlanguageskills.2.ZooniverseIdealfor:studentsinterestedinspace,biology,nature,medicine,andsocialsciencesServicetype:VirtualZooniverseisanengagingcitizen-scienceresearchplatformthatoffersvolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Participantscanhelpdiscoverdistantplanets,classifyanimals,andanalyzefossilteeth.3.CatchafireIdealfor:studentshopingtobuildprofessionalskillsinmarketing,IT,socialmedia,projectmanagement,websitedevelopment,andrelatedfieldsServicetype:VirtualHighschoolstudentscanearnvolunteerhoursorparticipateinlong-termcommunityprojectshere.Theymayassistvariousorganizationswithmanagingsocialmediaaccounts,photoediting,writingthank-younotes,andothertasks.VolunteeropportunitiesonCatchafireareespeciallybeneficialforseniorstudents,astheycangainpracticalworkexperiencewhilecontributingtomeaningfulcauses.4.TeenLifeIdealfor:studentspassionateaboutanimalcare,supportingpeoplewithspecialneeds,helpingthehomeless,internationalaid,environmentalprotectionandliteracyeducationServicetype:Virtual&In-personTeenLifeoffersaccesstomorethan10,000academicandpracticalvolunteeropportunitiesforteenagers.Thispowerfulsearchplatformconnectsparents,teens,andschoolcounselorsnationwide.DesignedforstudentsfromGrade7toGrade12,itprovidesbothofflineandonlinecommunityserviceprojects.16.Whichisbestforastudentwhowantstopracticeforeignlanguages?

A．Zooniverse.B．Catchafire.C．BeMyEyes.D．TeenLife.17.WhatcanstudentsdoonZooniverse?

A．Managesocialmediafororganizations.B．Assisttheblindthroughlivevideos.C．Engageinresearch-relatedactivities.D．Supportpeoplewithspecialneeds.18.WhatmakesTeenLifedifferentfromtheotherthreeplatforms?

A．Itoffersbothvirtualandin-personservice.B．Itisdesignedspecificallyforcollegestudents.C．ItrequiresvolunteerstohaveprofessionalITskills.D．Itprovidesopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopengineeringskills.19.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Tipsonimprovingacademicgrades.B．Importanceofenvironmentalprotectionprojects.C．Waysforteenagerstobuildinternationalfriendships.D．Resourcesforstudentslookingforvolunteeropportunities.Ihavelongbeenskeptical(怀疑的)abouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.However,afewmonthsago,IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.WhenIreadaboutchangingmyphonetoblack-and-whitemode,Idecidedtotryit.Theresultwassurprising.ThemomentIturnedoffthecolor,Inolongerfeltthesameurgentneedtocheckmyphone.Iexperiencedastrongsenseofrelief.Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut.Afterthat,IbeganleavingmyphoneinanotherroomasImovedaroundthehouse.I’dgohourswithoutcheckingit,ratherthanjustminutes.TheamountoftimeIspentonmyphonedroppedbyabout40percent.Scientistscallthiscondition“problematicsmartphoneuse,”whichreferstothedifficultycontrollingtheurgetouseaphone,oftentothepointthatitaffectsdailylife.Forme,checkingmyphonewasoftenawaytoreduceanxiety.Lifeingrayscale(黑白模式)alsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.Forexample,Isometimeshungupcallsbymistakebecausebothbuttonsweregray.Photosalsolookedstrange,especiallythecolorfulimagessentbymyfamily.However,Idiscoveredthatgameswerelessappealinginblackandwhite,andsocialmediaappsbecamelessinteresting.Gradually,Istartedusingmyphonelessandpayingmoreattentiontoreallife.Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.Ibeganreadingmorebooks,spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,andplanningsocialactivities.Ifoundmyselfenjoyingthesereal-worldexperiencesmorethanusingmyphone.Now,Ifeelthatturningoffcoloronmyphonehasmadememoreawareofthebeautyofreallife.AlthoughIstillusemyphoneeveryday,Inolongerfeelcontrolledbyit.20.Whichsentenceinthepassageexplainswhytheauthorfelt“controlled”byhisphonebeforeusinggrayscale?

A．Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.B．Lifeingrayscalealsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.C．Ihavelongbeenskepticalabouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.D．IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut”inParagraph2mostlikelymean?

A．Theauthorfoundthephonelessusefulindailylife.B．Theauthordecidedtostopusingthephonecompletely.C．Theauthorbecamelessconnectedwithpeoplearoundhim.D．Theauthornolongerreliedonthephoneasmuchasbefore.22.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?

A．Digitalbehaviorcanbeshapedbysmalladjustments.B．Technologyshouldreplacereal-lifeinteraction.C．Phonesarethemainsourceofmodernanxiety.D．Personalhabitsaredifficulttochange.Expertbirdwatchershavechangesintheirbrainstructurecomparedwithbeginners,whichprobablyhelpthembetteridentifybirdsandmayevenprotectagainstage-relatedcognitive(认知的)decline.Whenlearningorpractisingaskill,thebrainreorganisesitself,strengtheningandstreamliningrelevantpathways.Thisability,knownasneuroplasticity(神经可塑性),supportsthedevelopmentofexpertskills.Itiswhyprofessionalmusiciansshowstructuralchangesinbrainregionsinvolvedinhearing.Tounderstandwhetherbirdingalsoshapesthebrain,ErikWingatYorkUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedbrainstructureandfunctionin48hobbyistbirders,halfexpertsandhalfbeginners,asjudgedbyascreeningtest.Participantswereaged22to79,andbothgroupsweresimilarintermsofsex,age,andeducation.Whileundergoingbrainscans,theparticipantswereshownanimageofabirdforlessthan4seconds.About10secondslater,theytriedidentifyingthesamebirdfromoneoffourimages,eachshowingadifferentspecies.“Weintentionallypickedhighlyconfusablebirdspecies,”saysWing.Thetaskwasrepeated72times.Intotal,theresearchersusedimagesof18birdspecies—sixofwhichwerelocaland12ofwhichweren’t—astargets.Asexpected,expertbirderscouldidentifybirdsbetterthanbeginners.Onaverage,theyaccuratelyidentified83percentoflocalbirdspeciesand61percentofthenon-localones.Incontrast,beginnerscorrectlyidentified44percentofbothgroupsofbirds.Whileidentifyingnon-localbirds,activityinthreebrainareasincreasedinexpertbirders.Theseareasarethefrontpartofthebrain,aninnerregionrelatedtoattention,andabackpartofthebrainresponsibleforvisualprocessing.Theseareasalsoappearedmoreorganisedandstructurallycomplex.“Itspeakstothewiderangeofcognitiveprocessesthatareinvolvedinbirding,”saysWing.Asweage,structuralcomplexityandorganisationinthebraintendtodecrease.Butthisdeclinewaslesspronouncedinexpertbirders,suggestingbirdingmayhelpbuildcognitivereserve,thebrain’sabilitytodefenditselfagainstageingandadapttodamage.“Itsuggeststhatmaintainingbrainactivitythroughspecialisedabilitiesisalsolinkedtoreducedeffectsofageing,”saysRobertZatorreatMcGillUniversity.However,todeterminewhetherthebrainchangesaretrulyduetobirding,researcherswouldneedtoscanthebrainmultipletimesovermonthsoryears,saysWing.23.Whydidresearcherschoose“highlyconfusablebirdspecies”?

A．Tokeepparticipants’attentiononbirds.B．Tobettertestrealbird-identificationskills.C．Toreducethetimeneededfortheexperiment.D．Toconcentrateonrarebirdsfromothercountries.24.Whichfindingbestsupportstheideaof“cognitivereserve”?

A．Beginnersrelyonmemoryratherthanobservation.B．Beginnershaveloweraccuracyinbirdidentification.C．Expertsexperienceslowerage-relatedcognitivedecline.D．Expertsshowincreasedactivityinthreedifferentbrainareas.25.Toimprovethestudy,researchersshould________.

A．testonlylocalbirdsB．usefewerbirdspeciesC．involveonlyexpertbirdersD．followparticipantsoverseveralyears26.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．WhyBirdsAreHardtoIdentifyB．HowNatureImprovesMentalHealthC．BirdwatchingMayReshapetheBrainD．TheAgeDifferenceBetweenExpertBirdersPollutionismakingmanycitiesincreasinglyunlivableforpeople,butitisalsotearingantfamiliesandcommunitiesapart.Antsrecogniseoneanotherbydetectingathinlayerofhydrocarbonsontheirexoskeletons;eachcommunityhasitsowndistinctive“smell”.However,anewstudyrevealsthatozoneemissions(臭氧排放)canchangethestructureofthesehydrocarbons.Afterantsareexposedtourbanaircontainingaround100partsperbillionofozone,theirnestmatesnolongerrecognisethem.Someareattackedbymembersoftheirowncommunity,whileothersneglectlarvae(幼虫)exposedtoozone,leavingthemtodie.Thisstoryisacaseofanthropomorphism—projectinghumancharacteristicsontonon-humancreatures.Althoughmanyscientistscriticiseanthropomorphismasmisleading,othersdrawparallelsbetweenantsandhumanstoexplaintheevolution(进化)ofselflessnessandsocialnetworks.Famously,entomologistE.O.Wilsonusedantsasevidenceforhistheoryof“sociobiology,”whichsuggeststhatmanyanimalbehavioursresultfromevolutionarynecessity.EvolutionarybiologistStephenJayGould,however,criticisedthisideaas“biologicaldeterminism,”warningthatitcouldjustifyunfairgeneticpolicies.Butsomethingfundamentalhaschanged.DeborahGordon,aStanfordbiologist,discoveredthatantbehaviourcanbeunderstoodalgorithmically(以算法的方式).Workingwithcomputerscientists,sheshowedthatantsallocatetasksthroughdistributedsignallingnetworks.Ifaworkerantdiscoversalargefoodsource,sheleavesbehindachemicaltrailforotherstofollow.Otherantsdetectthesignalandrealisethatmorefood-searchingantsareneeded,droppingwhattheyaredoingtojointhetask.Thereisnoleader.Gordonnicknamedthisprocess“theanternet”becauseitworkslikethewaycomputernetworksmanagedataflow.Algorithmicdeterminismhasreplacedbiologicaldeterminism,buttheresultforantsremainsthesame:humanscontinuetousethemasexamplesratherthanappreciatingthemascreatureswiththeirowndistinctformsofsociallife.Thisbringsusbacktopollution.Gordon’santernetdependsonantsfromthesamecommunitymeeting,exchanginginformation,anddeterminingwhethertoassisttheirsisters.Butwhenozonechangestheirhydrocarbons,theycannolongerrecogniseoneanotherandcooperateeffectively.Thecollapseofcommunicationcouldultimatelyleadtothedeathofthecommunity.Tohumans,thismayseeminsignificant.Butwesharetheplanetwithothercreatures.Ifwefailtolimitozonepollution,wemaydestroyentiresocialsystemsbeyondourown.Perhapsitistimeweshouldstopusingantsasexamplesforourselvesandourmachines,andstartcaringaboutwhotheyreallyare.27.Whatabilityismostaffectedafterozoneexposureinants?

A．Theabilitytorecognizenestmates.B．Theabilitytolocatefoodsources.C．Theabilitytofindtheirnests.D．Theabilitytocallforhelp.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“drawparallels”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A．Identifysimilarities.B．Createconflicts.C．Conductexperiments.D．Developtheories.29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“anternet”describedinthepassage?

A．Itreducestheneedforantstodetectchemicals.B．Itdependsheavilyonreliablecommunicationsignals.C．Itrequiresaleadertoorganizefood-searchingbehaviour.D．Itwasdevelopedbycomputerscientistsandlaterusedtostudyants.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardusingantsasexamplesforhumansormachines?

A．Doubtful.B．Critical.C．Positive.D．Indifferent.阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Iusedtohaveanextremelypoornaturalmemory.Iconstantlystruggledtoremembernames,dates,andvocabulary,andanynewknowledgeIlearnedwouldquicklyslipfrommymind.Discouragedbythisweakness,Idecidedtomasterprofessionalmemorytechniques.Asacompetitorinmysixties,IwontheAustralianMemoryChampionshipsinboth2017and2018.Overthepastdecade,Ihavebuiltkilometresofmemorypalacestostoreawiderangeofknowledge,includinggeography,foreignvocabulary,andmuchmore.Thememorypalace,alsoknownasthemethodofloci,isanancienttechniqueoriginatinginAncientGreece.Simplyput,itisacustomizedmentalspacewherepeoplestoreandorganizeinformation.Unlikerotememorization,itrequiresdeepunderstandingratherthanblindrepetition.Ifollowseveralclearstepstobuildmyownmemorypalaces.First,Ichooseafamiliarlocation,suchasmyhouse,andarrangefixedspotsinaclearorder,suchasthefrontdoor,thebookcase,andthetable.Second,Iattachinformationtotheselocationsbycreatingvividandstrikingmentalassociations.Third,Irepeatedlytakeamentalwalkthroughthespaceinordertobecomefamiliarwiththesequence.Ialsofollowaruleofmarkingeveryfifthlocationforeasierrecall,whichhelpspreventmefrommissinganyinformation.Ihavegainedmanybenefitsfromthispowerfultechnique.Itnotonlyhelpsmememorizeinformationefficientlybutalsoallowsmetokeepknowledgeforalongtime.Thisworksbecausethehippocampusinourbrainishighlysensitivetospatialinformation(空间信息).Bylinkingknowledgetospecificlocations,Icantransfershort-termmemoriesintolong-termones,whilevividmentalassociationsfurtherstrengthenrecall.Inaddition,thismethodimprovescognitiveabilitiessuchasconcentrationandcuriosity.Withknowledgeclearlyorganizedinmymind,Iamabletoconnectunrelatedideasandstimulatecreativity.Thistechniqueissuitableforeverylearner.EventhoughIamnotnaturallygoodatvisualizingimages,Icanstillmemorizeeffectivelythroughlogicalstoriesandassociations.Ihavebuiltvariousmemorypalacesforgeography,history,andforeign