中考英语专题复习定语从句学案

定语从句

一.先行词

被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等称为先行词，出现在宾语从句之前。

Theboywhoissleepingismynephew.

Thisisthebookwhichmyunclegaveme.

二.关系词

关系代词关系副词

关系词

WhowhosewhomWherewhenwhy

whichthat

主语宾语表语定语状语

1.Donztforgetthebookthat/whichItoldyoutobring.（宾语）

2.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.（状语）

三.先行词与关系词的关系

l.Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedmeyesterday.

2.TIIneverforgetthedayswhenIstavedinYorkTown.

四.关系代词的用法

先行词关系代词在从句中充当的成分

指人的词who主语、宾语

指人的同whom宾语

指人或物的词that主语、宾语、表语

指物的同which主语、宾语

指人或物的词whose定语

1.ThisisanoldcomputerItworksmuchslower.

Thisisanoldcomputerwhich/thatworksmuchslower

2.Thoseshallbepunished.Thosebreaktherules.

Thosewhobreaktherulesshallbepunished.

3.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareforhim.（作主语）

4.Ihappenedtomeettheprofessorwho/whomIgottoknowataparty.（作宾语）

5.Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.（作定语）

6.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.（作定语）

7.Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.（作主语）

8.Thisisthepenwhichyouarelookingfor.（作宾语）

9.Idon*tlikethepersonthatloseshistempereasily.（做主语）

10.Thepicturethatwearestudyingwasdrawnbyafifteen-year-oldstudent.（作宾语）

五.关系副词的用法

先行词关系副词在句子中充当的成分

dayyeardatetime等表示时间的词When时间状语

PlacecityBeijing等表示地点的词Where地点状语

Reason表示原因的名词why原因状语

1.where的用法

在定语从句中作地点状语，一般其前有表示地点的名词。此时常可用inwhich,to

which,atwhich,towhich等代替。

Potatoescanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.

Potatoescanbegrowninplacesinwhichitistoocoldtogrowrice.

2.When的用法

在定语从句中作时间状语，•般其前有表示时间的词。此时常可用onwhich,inwhich,

atwhich,duringwhich等代替

Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.

Ishallneverforgetthedaysduringwhichweworkedonthefarm.

3.Why的用法

Why在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason,可用forwhich来代替。

IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.

IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonforwhichIwasabsentfromthemeeting.

六.定语从句中需要注意的事项

1.主谓一致问题

（1）先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词

用更数。

Sheisareallygoodteacherwhohasrichteachingexperience.

Thestudentsthatlaughatthedisabledarcnotgoodstudents.

（2）oneof+可数名词复数做先行词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；

theonly/very/rightoneof+可数名词堂数作主语时，从句谓语动词用单数形式

Jeffisoneofthestudentswhowereawarded.

Jeffistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.

3.关系代词that和which；that和who的用法辨析

（1）宜用that不用which的情况

A.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时通常用that.

ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas"Thirty-nineStep"

先行词前有等修饰词时

B.all,ary,nozlittle,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast

通常用that.

HerearealltheclothesthatIhave.

ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.

C.先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定

代词时，通常用that.

Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.

D.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，用that.

IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

E.在以who引导的疑问词后，为了避免重复，用that.

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?

F.先行词在句中作表语

Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.

（2）宜用which不用tha:的情况

A.先行词本来就是that时

What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?

B.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。

IamlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesecoins.

（3）宜用who不用that的情况

A.先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody

等，不宜用that。

Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbepleased.

Anyonewhowantstoswimcanwritehisnameonapieceofpaper.

B.当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句时

ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskquestionsinChinese.

Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.

C.两个定语从句中一个已经用了that时

Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.

D.therebe句式中若有定语从句宜用who

Thereweretwomenwhocamehere.

Thereisamanoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.

1.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

---Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.Ihatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

10.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.InwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn/ttellmetheplacehewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

16.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.

A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,of

course,madetheothersenvyhim.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonethey

cantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

19.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthat

far-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

20.Thefamousscientistgrewuphewasbornandin1930hecameto

Shanghai.

A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever

21.AstorygoesElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeing

surroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbefore

theycan_movein.

A.theyB.itC.oneD.which

23.Isthisfactoryyouworkedat?

A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where

24.Isthisthefactoryyouworked?

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone

25.…Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?

一Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

26.TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

27.一Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?

-HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which

28.1hatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

29.Doyouknowaboysisterisanurseinahospital?

A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose

30.Isthereashopnearherewecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where

二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1.TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.Thosewanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.

3.MrLiuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.

4.Theprofessoryouarewaitingforhascome.

5.Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.

6.Helikestoreadbooksarewrittenbyforeignwriters.

7.Thisisthepenheb