专业英语八级模拟试卷137

专业英语八级模拟试卷137

一、听力复合式听写（本题共io题，每题i.o分，共

10分。）

TheClassicalSenseofGoodGovernmentPoliticsplaysanextremelyimportantrolein

humansociety.Politicalphilosophersstartedtodiscussthequalityofgoodgovernment

thousandsofyearsagoAmongtheforerunnersarcPlato,Aristotle,andMachiavelli.I.

Plato'sPoliticalProposalA.ItisanironyforPlatotodiscussgoodgovernmentbecause

he1politics.[1].B.Platobelievedthatpoliticalfreedomcouldnotbehelpful.

Infact,theyusuallyledtouncertaintyanddangerouschanges.C.Platofeared2because

otherdisciplinesareveryorderlyandpredictable.[2].D.InPlato'sopinion,

justiceconsistedofeverybodydoingwhatheorshe3bynaturaltalent.[3].H.

Aristotle'sPoliticalProposalA.Aristotlebelievedthateverystateisakindof4.[4]

.B.Aristotlebelievedthatpeopleinastatewouldberathersimilar,anddidnot

foreseetheethnicandculturaldiversityofmodernstates.C.Aristotlebelievedthatpolls,

or5,isthehigheststateof[5].humansocialandpoliticaldevelopment;and

canensuregoodlifeforeverybody.D.AccordingtoAristotle,inordertoachievethebest

qualityoflife,peoplemusttryto6[6].m.StoicismandMachiavelliA.

Stoicismmeans7onelivesin.[7].B.Stoicismbelievesthattheworldismade

upofvirtueandvice,andtheworldisadifficultanddisorderlyplacewherehappinessis

unusualC.PlatoandAristotlepresentedwhatpolitics8,hutMachiavellidiscussed

[8].whatpolitics9andhowitactuallyfunctions.[9].D.

Machiavellibelievedthatjustbeing10doesnotpromise[10].good

leadership.

1、[1]

标准答案：stronglydisliked/disliked

知识点解析：窗无解析

2、[2]

标准答案：changes

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[3]

标准答案：doesbest/candobest

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[4]

标准答案：partnership

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[51

标准答案：city-state

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、[6]

标准答案：avoidextremes/avoidextremeactions

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[7]

标准答案:acceptingone'ssituation/acceptingthesituation/acceptingpoliticalsituation

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[8]

标准答案：shouldbe

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[9]

标准答案：reallyis/actuallyis

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[10]

标准答案：morallygood/good/moral/kind

知识点解析：哲无解析

二、听力对话组题（本题共5题，每题分，共5

分。）

11、Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A、Andrewprefersfillingthebadtoothtotakingitout.

B、Jackiepreferstohavethebadtoothfilledratherthanpulled

C、NeitherAndrewnorJackielikestohaveatoothfilled

D、JackieandAndrewwouldratherhaveatoothfilled

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、Jackiecomplainedthatnobodywasdoinganythingto.

A、preventpeoplefromhavingtroublewithteeth

B、stopteethfromfallingout

C、putmenonthemoon

D、transplantheartsandotherorgans

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Accordingtothecontexttoothtransplanting.

A、willnotberealizedinthenearfuture

B、isstillatatrialperiod

C、isbutadrcam

D^hasbeenwidelypracticed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、WhydidJackiethinkAndrewwasmakingupthestory?

A、ShewassureAndrewwasjoking.

B、Shehadneverheardaboutit.

C、Shethoughtittotallyimpossible.

D、1（hadneverbeenmentionedanywhere.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、Thisdialogueismainlyabout.

A、Andrew*stoothache

B、teethmadeofplastics

C、toothtransplanting

D、（heGeorgetownUniversityHospital

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、听力新闻（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

16、Howdothescientistsmeasurethepitch?

A^Accordingtothemovenieniandvibrationsofhoigasses.

B、ThetradewindsblowonEarth.

C、Therivers.

Thesoundtravelthroughthespace.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、Weshouldwhenwewant（oglimpseinsidethesun.

A、answerquestionsaboutitstemperature

B、translatethesoundsintoimages

C、knowhowgasesinsideebbandflow

D^measurethepitch

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Whatdidtheyfindout?

A、Anequatorialbeltoffastermovingmaterial.

B、Thesolarsound

C、Asunorbitingsatellite.

D^Anotherplanter.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、ThereasonswhythechurchwantedtoburnHarryPotterbooksdidn'tincludethat

A、itbelievedthatthebookswereanabhorrencetoGod

B、itbelievedthatthebookswouldweakenthecommunicationwithGod

C、itbelievedthattheexistenceofGodhadbeenconfusedbythebook

D、itbelievedthatthebookswouldruinthelivesofmanyyoungpeople

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、Whichstatementisnottrue?

A^ThestoriesofHarryPotterarecriticizedinsomeotherciliesinU.SexceptNew

Mexicon.

B、YoungpeoplearefascinatedwithHarryPotter.

C、ChristianchurcheshateHarryPotter.

D^PastorJackBrockplannedtoburntheHarryPotterbooksonSunday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、常规阅读理解（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20

分。）

ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Nodoubtthiswouldstill

betrueiftheyhadanypleasuretotake,butthepriceofalcoholandtobaccoinmy

countryhasprovidedsufficientexternalcausesformelancholy.Ihavesometimesthought

（hatthehabitoftakingpleasuresadlyhascrossedtheAtlantic,andIhavewonderedwhat

itisthatmakessomanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesomberintheiroutlookinspiteofgood

healthandagoodincome.InthecourseofmytravelsintheAmericanIhavebeen

impressedbyakindoffundamentalmalaisewhichseemstomeextremelycommonand

whichposesdifficultprobleirisforthesocialreformer.Mostsocialreformershaveheld

theopinionthat,ifpovertywereabolishedandtherewerenomoreeconomicinsecurity,

themillenniumwouldhavearrived.ButwhenIlookatthefaceofpeopleinopulentcars,

whetherinyourcountryorinmine,Idonotseethatlookofradianihappinesswhich(he

aforesaidsocialreformershadledmetoexpect.Inninecasesoutoften,Iseeinsteada

lookofboredomanddiscontentandanalmostfranticlongingforsomethingthatmight

ticklethejadedpalate.Butitisnotonlytheveryrichwhosufferinthisway.Professional

menveryfrequentlyfeelhopelessthwarted.Thereissomethingthattheylongtodoor

somepublicobjectthattheylongtoworkfor.Butiftheyweretoindulgetheirwishesin

theserespects,theyfearthattheywouldlosetheirlivelihood.Theirwivesareequally

unsatisfied,for(heirneighbor,Mrs.So-and-So,hasgoneaheadmorequickly,hasabetter

car,alargerapartmentandgranderfriends.Lifeforalmosteverybodyisalong

competitivestrugglewhereveryfewcanwintherace,andthosewhodonotwinare

unhappy.Onsocialoccasionswhenitisderigueurtoseemcheerful,thenecessary

demeanorisstimulatedbyalcohol.Butthegaietydoesnotringtrueandanybodywho

hasjustonedrinktoomanyisapttolapseintolachrymosemelancholy.Onefindsthis

sortofthingonlyamongEnglish-speakingpeople.AFrenchmanwhileheisabusingthe

Governmentisasgayasalark.SoisanItalianwhileheistellingyouhowhisneighbor

hasswindledhim.Mexicans,whentheyarenotactuallystarvingoractuallybeing

murdered,singanddanceancenjoysunshineandfoodanddrinkwithagustowhichis

veryrarenorthoftheMexicanfrontier.WhenAndrewJacksonconqueredPensacola

fromtheSpaniards,itwasSunday.Shepointedoutthescandaltoherhusband,who

decreedthatcheerfulnessmustceaseforthwith.Anditdid.Whenitrytounderstandwhat

itisthatpreventssomanyAmericanfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseems

(omethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthan(heother.Theone

thatgoesleastdeepisthenecessityforsubservienceinsomelargeorganization.Ifyou

areanenergeticmanwithstrongviewsaslotherightwayofdoingthejobwithwhich

youareconcerned,youfindyourselfinvariableundertheordersofsomebigmanatthe

topwhoiselderly,wearyandcynical.Wheneveryouhaveabrightidea,thebossputsa

stopperonit.Themoreenergeticyouareandthemorevisionyouhave,themoreyou

willsufferfromtheimpossibilityofdoinganyofthethingsthatyoufeeloughttobe

done.Whenyougohomeandmoantoyourwife,shetellsyouthatyouareasillyfellow

andthatifyoubecamethepropersortofyes-manyourincomewouldsoonbedoubled.If

youtrydivorceandremarriageitisveryunlikelythattherewillbeanychangeinthis

respect.Andsoyouarccondemnedtogastriculcersandprciraturcoldage.Itwasnot

alwaysso.WhenDr.Johnsoncompliedhisdictionary,hecompileditashethoughtfit.

WhenhefeltlikesayingthatoatsisfoodfbrmeninScotlandandhorsesinEngland,he

saidso.Whenhedefinedafishing-rodasastickwithafishatoneendandafoolatthe

other,therewasnobodytopointouttohimthataremarkofthissortwoulddamage(he

saleofhisgreatworkamongfishermen.Butif,inthepresentday,youare(leiussay)a

contributor(oanencyclopedia,thereisaneditorialpolicywhichissolemn,wise,and

prudent,whichallowsnoroomfbrjokes,noplacefbrpersonalpreferencesandno

toleranceforidiosyncrasies.Everythinghas(obeflattenedoutexceptwherethe

prejudicesoftheeditorareconcerned.Totheseyoumustconform,however,littleyou

maysharethem.Andsoyouhavetobecontentwithdollarsinsteadofcreative

satisfaction.Andthedollars,alas,leaveyousad.Thisbringsmetomtyorcauseof

unhappiness,whichisthatmostpeopleinAmericaactnotonimpulsebutonsome

principle,andthatprinciplesuponwhichpeopleactareusuallyfaxeduponafalse

psychologyandafalseethic.1'hcreisageneraltheoryastowhatmakestorhappiness

andthistheoryisfalse.Lifeisconcernedasacompetitivestruggleinwhichfelicity

consistsingettingaheadofyourneighbor.Thejoyswhicharenotcompetitiveare

forgotten.Now,Iwillnotforamomentdenythatgettingaheadofyourneighboris

delightful,butitisnottheonlydelightofwhichhumanbeingsarccapable.Therearc

innumerablethingswhicharenotcompetitive.Itispossibletoenjoyfoodanddrink

withouthavingtoreflectthatyouhaveabettercookandbetterwinemerchantthanyour

formerfriendswhomyouarelearningtocold-shoulder.Itispossibletobefondofyour

wifeandyourchildrenwithoutreflectinghowmuchbettershedressedthanMrs.So-and-

Soandhowmuchbeltertheyareatathleticthanthechildrenofthatoldstick-in-the-mud

Mr.Such-and-Such.Therearethosewhocanenjoymusicwithoutthinkinghowcultured

otherladiesintheirwomen'sclubwillbethinkingthem.Thereareevenpeoplewhocan

enjoyafinedayinspiteofthefactthatthesunshinesoneverybody.Allthesesimple

pleasuresaredestroyedassoonascompetitivenessgetstheupperhand.Butitisnotonly

competitivenessthatisthetrouble.Icouldimagineapersonv/hohasturnedagainst

competitivenessandcanonlyenjoyafterconsciousrejectionofthecompetitiveelement.

Suchaperson,seeingthesunshineinthemorning,saystohimself,"Yes,Imayenjoythis

andindeedImust,foritisajoyopentoall."Andhoweverboredhemaybecomewith

thesunshinehegoesonpersuadinghimselfthatheisenjoyingitbecausehethinkshe

oughtto."But,"youwillask,"areyoumaintainingthatouractionsoughttobegoverned

bymoralprinciples?""Areyousuggestingthateverywhimandeveryimpulseshouldbe

givenfreerein?DoyouconsiderthatifSo-and-So'snoseannoysyoubybeingtoolong,

(hatgivesyouarighltotweakit?"Sir,"youwillcontinuewithindignation,"your

(ioclrineisonewhichwoulduprootallthesourcesofmoralityandloosenallthebonds

whichholdsocietytogether.Onlyself-restraint,self-repression,ironself-controlmakei(

possibletoenduretheabominablebeingsamongwhomwehavetolive.No,sir!Better

miseryandgastriculcersthansuchchaosasyourdoctrinewouldproduce.Iwilladmitat

oncethatthereisforceinthisobjection.IhaveseenmanynosesthatIshouldhaveliked

totweak,butneveroncehaveIyieldedtotheimpulse.Butthis,likeeverythingelse,isa

matterofdegree.Ifyoualwaysyieldtoimpulse,youaremadIfyouneveryieldto

impulse,yougraduallydryupandverylikelybecomemadtoboot.Inalifewhichisto

behealthyandhappy,impulse,thoughmotallowedtorunriot,musthavesufficient

scopetoremainaliveandtopreservethatvarietyanddiversityofinterestwhichis

naturaltoahumanbeing.Alifelivedonaprinciple,nomatterwhat,istoonarrowly

determined,toosystematicanduniform,tobehappy.Howevermuchyoucareabout

success,youshouldhavetimeswhenyouaremerelyenjoyinglifewithoutathoughtof

subsequence.Howeverproudyoumaybe,aspresidentofawomen'sclub,ofyour

impeccableculture,youshouldnotbeashamedofreadingalow-browbookifyouwant

to.Alifewhichisallprincipleisalifeonrail.Therailsmayhelptowardrapid

locomotion,butprecludethejoyofwandering.Manspentsomemillionyearswandering

beforeheinventedrails,andhishappinessstilldemandssomereminiscenceoftheearlier

agesoffreedom.

21Inthewriter'sopinion,inEnglandalcoholandtobaccomay.

A^makepeopleindulgeinpleasures

B、leadtodespondency

C、posetouchyproblemsforsocialreformers

D、throwaheavyburdenonthecountry5swelfareprogram

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段第二句话提供答案。

22、Whatopinionsdomostsocialreformershold?

A、Oncepovertywererootedout,peoplewouldreallyenjoytheirlives.

B、Ifeconomicsecuritywereobtained,onewouldgrowfidgetyandberserk.

C、Anidealsocietyistheoneinwhichallthepeoplewerenolongerafraidofpoverty.

D^Greathappinessandhumanperfectioncouldbearrivedatifandonlyifpeople

learnedtobecontent.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第二段Mostsocialreformershaveheldtheopinionthat,ifpovertywere

abolishedandtherewerenomoreeconomicinsecurity,themillenniumwouldhave

arrived的话可以提供答案。

23、Whoareeasytofeelmelancholyaccordingtothewriter?

A、Mexicans.

B、Professional.

C^English-speakingpeople.

D、BandC

标准答案：D

知识点解析：阅读文章我们可以发现，作者提到两类人彳能感到寂蹇：说英语的民

族和专业人士。

24、WhatisthemaincauseofunhappinessfbrmanyAmericansinthewriter'sview?

A^Lifeisalongcompetitivestruggle,veryfewluckypeoplecanwintheraceandattain

happiness.

B、Lackoffreedomandstimulimakespeopleunsatisfiedwithlife.

C、Peopletendtoactondubiousprinciples.

D^People'sobsessionofgettingaheadoftheirneighbors.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第8段第一句话可以找到答案。

25、Whatsolutiondoesthewritersuggesttodispelmelancholymood?

A、Cultivatewideinterest.

B、Balanceimpulseandprinciple.

C、Striveforsuccessandenjoyitsgain.

D、AandB

标准答案：B

知识点解析：归纳文章最后一段可以得出要消除寂寞感就要把握好度。

Westerntattooistsworkwithaspecialelectricalinstrument,somethinglikeadentist's

drill.Itholdsanumberofveryfineneedles,which,fbrthepurposeofreproducingthe

approveddrawing,aredipped,inblackink.Whenthecurrentisswitchedon,andthe

instrunienipassedrapidlyover(heoutline,(heactionoftheneedlesdrivestheinkinto(he

skin.Thetattooistisconstantlywipingawayexcessinkasheworks.Thisiswhereskillis

soimportant,forthespeedoftheinstrumentmeansthathemustworkrapidlyoverlines

which:arcalmostpermanentlycoveredover.Thebasicdrawingthenhastobecoloredin,

usingthesamemethodbutwithnon-poisonouspaintnowreplacingtheink.Theaverage

tattoocontainsfourorfivecolors,eachinjectedwithaseparateinstrument.Howmany

needlesareusedeachtimewilldependontheareatobecovered,butitispossibletouse

asmanyastenortwelve,givingupto3,000injectionsaminute.Fillinginisalengthier

processthanoutlining,and,sincemostpeoplefindhalfanhourundertheneedlesquite

enough,amajortattoocantakeanumberofvisitslocomplete.Everyvisitwillleavethe

skinsoreandstinging,andtopreventinfectiontheareaisfinallytreatedwithan

antisepticcreamandcoveredwithadressing.Afterafewdaysitfinallyhealsover,

leavingthenewtattooclearlyvisibleundertheskin.Andthereitstays,for,asthosewho

gettattooedandthenthindbetterofitsoondiscover,gettingridofthetattooisafarmore

difficultbusinessthangettingit.Thetattooistispowerlesstoundowhathehasdoneand

canonlyreferunhappycustomerstotheirdoctorswho.nomatterhowsympathetic,are

abletoofferlittleencouragement.Removingatattoo,ifitcanbedoneatall,hastobeby

oneoftwomethods,neitherofthempleasantorevencompletelysatisfactory.Thefirstis

hysurgeryandskinreplacement,anoperationwhichleavespermanentmarks.Theother

possibilityistore-tat-tooovertheoffendingdesignwithaspecialacidbasedsubstance

whichabsorbsthecolorsasitgoes.Thisisapainfulandlengthyprocesswhich,though

lessexpensivethanprivatesurgery,isstillquitecostly."Tattooingisathornintheside

ofthemedicalprofession",istheviewofoneHarleyStreetskinspecialist.Hereceivesa

constantstreamofenquiriesaboutremoval,butinmostcasestheexpenseanddiscomfort

ofhavingitdonemakepeopledecidetogoonlivingwiththeirunwanteddesigns.

"Patientshavetowantitverymuchgotothroughwithithesays."Thosewhodoare

usuallytheoneswhofindthattheyarerefusedjobs,orcannotgetadvancementbecause

theirhandsaredecorated."Thisissuchacommoneventthatresponsibletattooistsrefuse

toworkonareaswhichcannotnormallybecoveredup."Thetroubleisthatmostpeople

don'tthinkaboutituntilit'stoolate."saysonetattooistwhohadhisownhandstattooed

someyearsago,andfreelyadmitstoregrettingit."Irealizenowthatitlooksinbad

taste."

26、Thefineneedlesareused.

A、tomakethefirstroughoutline

B、tofinishtheroughoutline

C、(omaketheapproveddrawing

D、toinkintheroughoutline

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。从第一段可以看出“theactionoftheneedlesdrivestheinkinto

theskin”,故D为正确答案。

27、Beforealarge-scaletattooisfinished,thecustomermay.

A、havehadhalfanhourundertheneedles

B、havehadasmanyastenortwelveneedlesusedonhim

C、havehadtogoseveraltimestothetattooist

D^havehadbeengiveupto3000injections

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据第二段“sincemostpeoplefindhalfanhourunderthe

needlesquiteenough,amajortattoocantakeanumberofvisitstocomplete”可知，C

为正确答案。

28、Afterseeingadoctor,apersonmaydecidetokeephistattoobecause.

A^helikeslivingwithit

B、itistoodifficulttodootherwise

C、hisskinisnotsuitableforaremovaloperation

D^itmaybeimportantinhisjob

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理题。文章第二段指出，要想去除纹身有两种方法，一是外科手术

进行皮肤移植，二是在原图案上二次纹身。但是这两种方法不仅花费昂贵，而旦痛

苦难忍，所以纹身者最终不得不放弃，故选B。

29Whyarcsonictattooistscalled"responsible"?

A、Theywanttopreventtheircustomersfromsufferinglater.

B、Theyrefusetotattooareasthatcannotnormallybecoveredup.

C、Theyarccleanandcarefulintheirwork.

D、Theycarefullyconsidertheircustomers'needs.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。因为纹身给患者带来了巨大的痛苦，所以有责任心的纹身医

生为使纹身者不再遭受捕苦，拒绝在顾客的身体某些部位纹身。

WhenSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRicestoodbesideAfghanPresidentHamidKarzai,

shemadeanenlightenedstatementaboutcuttingAfghanistan'sopiumproduction,

saying:"Itisaproblemthattookawhiletodevelop,anditwilltaketimetoend(he

problem."Rice'sstatementinMarchis(heclearestconfirmationyetofagradual(urnin

U.S.policysinceearly2004,whentheBushadministrationandCongresswerecalling

foranimmediatecrackdownonAfghanistan'sbiggestcashcrop.Herstatementshows

theUnitedStates'newpatienceandacceptancethatitwilltaketimeforademocratic

Afghanistantoeliminateopiumproduction.WhentheUnitedStatesearlierpushed

Karzaitoimmediatelyendopiumproductioninhiswar-tomcountry-withoutinstituting

therepressivetacticsthathistoricallyhaveledtorapidsuccess-theUnitedStateswas

givingtheAfghanleaderavirtuallyimpossibletask.AfghanistancouldpleasetheUnited

Statesonlybyaggressiveactionthatwouldfurtherimpoverishitsalreadypoor

populationandunderminethegovernment'slegitimacy.TheTalibanannouncedabanon

growingpoppies-thesourceofopium-inAfghanistaninJuly2000,sayingthis

reflectedtheteachingsoftheKoran.AlreadyfearedbyAfghansforitsbrutality,the

Talibanachievedcompliancewithitspoppyhanbytearingupthefieldsofafewearly

producerswhoviolatedtileban,therebyshowingthatthegovernmentwasserious.The

resultoftheTaliban'sorderwasadramaticreductioninAfghanopiumproduction,

whichfellfrom3.600tonsin2000tojust185tonsin2001.Thiscausedworldopium

productioniofallbymorethan60percent.Thiswasn'tthefirsttimethatlargeandrapid

reductionsinopiumproductionhavebeenachievedbymassivegovernmentrepression.

WhentheCommuniststookpowerinChinain1949,thenationwasamajoropium

producerandsufferedfromwhatmayhavebeentheworld'sworstopiumconsumption

problem.Withintwoyearsofapolicecrackdownonopiumproductionandconsumption

—resultinginmassexecutionsandimprisonments—opiumproductionandusehad

essentiallydisappearedinChina.TheIslamicRevolutionin1979inIranusedsomeof

(hesamepolice-statetacticsasChinatoeliminatethelargeproductionandconsumption

ofopiumthathadprevailedundertheruleoftheshahofIran.Thisyeartheremaybeyet

another,slightlylessdramaticinstanceofsuccessfulreduction.Myanmar,formerly

knownasBurma,istheworld'ssecond-largestproducerofopium.Arebelmovement,

tileUnitedWaStateArmy,hascontrolofthemajorpoppygrowingareasandhasalready

reducedproductionbythree-quartersinthepastsixyears,witharealisticpromisetoend

productionbyJunethisyear.Ithasaccomplishedthismostlybyforciblerelocationof

some100,000peasantfarmingfamilieswhogrowpoppies.ButifAfghanistan'scurrent

governmentresortedtothetacticsoftheTaliban,theChineseCommunists,Iran's

dictatorshipandtherebelsinMyanmartoendopiumproduction,itwouldrightlybe

condemnedbytheUnitedStatesandotherdemocraticnations.Thisisbecauseineachof

thesuccessfulcrackdownsonopium,authoritiesreliedonmethodsthataresimplynot

acceptableinademocraticnation,nomatterhownoblethepurpose.Thesuccessofanti­

opiumcampaignsinmorepoliticallyopensettingsismuchmoregradual.Thailand,once

amajorworldopiumproducer,is(heleadingexample.Acombinationofgeneral

economicdevelopmentandtargetedprograms—bothcropsubstitulionandlaw

enforcement-ledThailandtoalmostenditsopiumproductionoveraperiodofmore

(hanadecade.Pakistan,alsoaformerlysignificantproducer,hasmanagedtoalmost

entirelyexitopiumproductionoverasimilarperiod,notwithstandingarecentupturnin

poppyharvests.Goingaftertraffickersratherthanfarmers,albeitpoliticallymuchmore

acceptable,isevenmoredifficult.Fewgovernments,authoritarianorotherwise,havehad

ahighdegreeofsuccessinthisarena.Whileendingpoppyproduction,IranandPakistan

arestillmajordrugtraffickers.TherecentThaicrackdown,withtheextra-judicialkilling

of2,000drugdealersinlessthanayear,seemstohavelesseneddomesticdrugusebut

docsnotofferahelpfulmodelforademocracy-buildingAfghanistan.SecretaryRice's

callforpatienceinthefightagainstopiumproductioninAfghanistanshowsan

acceptanceofthedilemmaAfghanistanfacesandisanencouragingindicationthatthe

U.S.governmenthaslearnedfromhistory.

30、WhichoneisnotthereasonwhyAfghanistangovernmentcannoteliminateopium

quickly?

A^Opiumiscloselyrelatedwith(heeconomysituationofAfghanistanpeople.

B、Itisahardjobwhichneedstime.

C、Afghanistanisnotademocraticcountry.

D^Itisaproblemleftbyhistoryanditneedmorepatience.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段提到，如果对鸦片生产采取强硬措施，会加剧阿富汗的贫困问

题，所以A正确；第一段中，莱斯提到了解决这个问题需要时间，B与之相符

合；从这两段我们还能知道，鸦片问题是阿富汗的历史遗留问题，解决起来需要时

间和耐心。

31TheauthorusedthehistoryofChinaandIraninorderto.

A、criticizethesecountries

B、explaintheeffectofmassiverepressiononopiumproductionandassumption

C、warnAfghanistangovernment

D^provethesecountriesarenot"democratic"

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者将中国、伊朗消除鸦片的历史作为例子，目的在于解释国家性的

大规模镇压鸦片的效果和影响。

32、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsAfghanistanandU.Sgovernments'policy?

A、Critical.

B、Supportive.

C、Neutral.

D、Pessimistic

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从最后一句话可以看出，作者认为美国和阿富汗的做法是一个积极的

信号，是从历史中汲取了教训的。故可推论出其态度是比较支持的。

GoingForth,TheNationsMultiplyUnevenlyDespitewars,famines,andepidemics,

Earth'spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecords-withnoendinsight.Everyday,the

worldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,the

numberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,there

arc90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.Several

factorsarcpropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatisoftenoverlooked:the

hugenumberofteenagerswhoaxebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesof

sub-SaharanAfrica.InfourAfricannations—Niger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast—

1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.TheUS

BureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedto

maintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamily

early,atypicalwomanisSomalia,Ibrinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.

EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,

andEthiopia.Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tomRwanda,whereatypical

motherhasatleasteightorninechildren.WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfbcusonAfrica'

sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnited

StatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.Thisissue--"babieshaving

babies"-hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShas

fueledanexpansionofthestatefederalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfare

reformfromlawmakers.Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongside

IndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,and

Pakistan.Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1births

perwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedto

climbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwill

comefromimmigration.TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsof

citizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseof