中高考英语480条高频介词短语分类例句识记

中高考英语480条高频介词短语，分类例句识记一、时间、日期与频率类介词短语atthemoment此刻；目前Myfatherisbusyatthemoment.我爸爸此刻很忙。【易错】atthemoment=此刻；forthemoment=暂时；inamoment=立刻、马上。三者勿混。atpresent目前；现在Atpresent,manystudentsusecomputerstostudy.目前，许多学生使用电脑学习。【易错】atpresent不加冠词；不能说atthepresent。atnight在夜晚Someanimalslookforfoodatnight.一些动物在夜晚寻找食物。【易错】atnight不加the；但inthenight指"在夜间某个时刻"，duringthenight指"整个夜间"。atnoon在中午Weusuallyhavelunchatnoon.我们通常在中午吃午饭。atmidnight在午夜Thenoisestoppedatmidnight.噪声在午夜停止了。inthemorning在早上IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.我经常在早上读英语。【易错】泛指早上用inthemorning；但具体某天的早上用on：onMondaymorning/onthemorningofMay1。intheafternoon在下午Weplaybasketballintheafternoon.我们在下午打篮球。【易错】同第6条：具体某天下午用ontheafternoonof...。intheevening在晚上Mymothertakesawalkintheevening.我妈妈在晚上散步。【易错】具体某天晚上用ontheeveningof...；但atnight永远不加the。inthedaytime在白天Theseflowersopeninthedaytime.这些花在白天开放。【易错】与atnight相对；daytime前必须加the。inthepast在过去Peopletraveleddifferentlyinthepast.过去人们的出行方式有所不同。inthefuture在将来Ihopetobecomeadoctorinthefuture.我希望将来成为一名医生。【易错】inthefuture（将来）vsinfuture（英式=从今以后），意思不同。inafewdays几天后Theresultswillcomeoutinafewdays.结果将在几天后公布。【易错】in+时间段=多久之后（用于将来时）；after+时间段=多久之后（常用于过去时）。intwoweeks两周后Ourschooltripwillbeginintwoweeks.我们的学校旅行将在两周后开始。inrecentyears近年来Morepeoplehavestartedridingbikesinrecentyears.近年来，越来越多的人开始骑自行车。【易错】该短语常与现在完成时连用。inthosedays在那些日子里；当年Lifewasmuchharderinthosedays.当年生活要艰难得多。【易错】常与一般过去时连用，勿与现在完成时搭配。onMondaymorning在星期一早上WehaveanEnglishtestonMondaymorning.我们星期一早上有一场英语测试。【易错】具体到某天（Monday）就用on，不用in。onweekends在周末（美式）Shevisitshergrandparentsonweekends.她周末去看望祖父母。【易错】美式onweekends/ontheweekend；英式atweekends/attheweekend。见第47条。onweekdays在工作日；周一至周五Myfathergetsupearlyonweekdays.我爸爸工作日早起。【易错】weekday指周一到周五，与weekend相对；用on，不用in。ontime准时Wearrivedatthestationontime.我们准时到达了车站。【易错】ontime=准时（不早不晚）；intime=及时（赶得上）。见第20条。intime及时Thedoctorarrivedintimetohelpthechild.医生及时赶到，救助了那个孩子。【易错】intimetodosth（及时做某事）/intimeforsth；与ontime区别见上。fromtimetotime不时地；偶尔Wegohikingfromtimetotime.我们偶尔去徒步旅行。atthesametime同时Shelistenedtomusicanddidherhomeworkatthesametime.她一边听音乐，一边做作业。foralongtime很长时间Theyhaveknowneachotherforalongtime.他们已经认识很长时间了。【易错】for+时间段表示持续；常与完成时连用。forthefirsttime第一次IvisitedBeijingforthefirsttimelastyear.我去年第一次去了北京。【易错】forthefirsttime是状语；thefirsttime可引导时间状语从句（ThefirsttimeImethim...）。forthelastfewdays在过去几天里Ithasrainedforthelastfewdays.过去几天一直在下雨。【易错】与现在完成时连用。sincethen从那时起Hehasbeeninterestedinsciencesincethen.从那时起，他就对科学产生了兴趣。【易错】since+时间点，主句用完成时；sincethen常与现在完成时连用。sincechildhood从童年起Shehaslovedmusicsincechildhood.她从小就喜欢音乐。bytheendoftheday到当天结束时Wemustfinishtheworkbytheendoftheday.我们必须在当天结束前完成这项工作。【易错】bytheendof+过去时间→过去完成时；+将来时间→将来完成时。bythetime到……的时候Bythetimewearrived,thefilmhadstarted.我们到达时，电影已经开始了。【易错】bythetime引导从句时，主句常用完成时（hadstarted/willhavestarted）。beforelong不久以后Beforelong,thechildrenbecamegoodfriends.不久以后，孩子们就成了好朋友。【易错】beforelong=不久以后；longbefore=很久以前。语序不同，意思相反。afterawhile过了一会儿Afterawhile,therainstopped.过了一会儿，雨停了。afterschool放学后Weoftenplayfootballafterschool.我们经常放学后踢足球。【易错】afterschool不加the；类似afterclass/afterwork。beforeclass上课前Pleasereadthepassagebeforeclass.请在上课前阅读这篇文章。duringtheholiday假期期间Ilearnedhowtocookduringtheholiday.我在假期期间学会了做饭。【易错】during+名词（期间）；while+从句。勿说duringIwasonholiday。duringthesummervacation暑假期间Heworkedatabookstoreduringthesummervacation.他暑假期间在一家书店工作。overtheyears多年来Thetownhaschangedalotovertheyears.多年来，这座小镇发生了很大的变化。【易错】overtheyears常与现在完成时连用。alldaylong一整天Thelittleboyplayedoutsidealldaylong.那个小男孩在外面玩了一整天。allofasudden突然Allofasudden,thelightswentout.突然，灯灭了。【易错】固定搭配，用ofa，不能说allofsudden。atthebeginningof在……开始时Atthebeginningofthestory,theboylivedalone.故事开始时，那个男孩独自生活。【易错】atthebeginningof+名词；inthebeginning=起初（单独用，不加of）。见第46条。attheendof在……结束时；在……末尾Thereisashortanswerattheendofthepassage.文章末尾有一个简短的答案。【易错】attheendof+名词；intheend=最后（单独用）。见第46条辨析。inthemiddleof在……中间；在……过程中Hecalledmeinthemiddleofthenight.他在半夜给我打了电话。attheageof在……岁时ShebeganlearningEnglishattheageofsix.她六岁时开始学习英语。【易错】attheageof+具体年龄；表示"当……岁时"也可用whenshewassix。forthetimebeing暂时；目前Wewillstayhereforthetimebeing.我们暂时待在这里。inashorttime在短时间内Helearnedtorideabikeinashorttime.他在短时间内学会了骑自行车。inthemeantime与此同时Momcookeddinner.Inthemeantime,Isetthetable.妈妈做晚饭。与此同时，我摆好了餐桌。【易错】inthemeantime是副词性短语，不作介词，后面不直接跟名词。atfirst/inthebeginning起初；一开始Atfirst,Ifoundthebookdifficulttounderstand.起初，我觉得这本书很难理解。Inthebeginning,thetaskseemedimpossible.一开始，这项任务似乎不可能完成。【易错】atfirst强调"起初（后来变了）"，常与later对比；inthebeginning强调"开始阶段"，常与attheend对比。二者都不加of。attheweekend在周末（英式）Wesometimesgocampingattheweekend.我们有时会在周末去露营。【易错】英式attheweekend/atweekends；美式ontheweekend/onweekends。见第17条。dayafterday日复一日Shepracticedthepianodayafterday.她日复一日地练习钢琴。【易错】dayafterday（日复一日，强调重复）vsdaybyday（一天天，强调逐渐变化）。frommorningtillnight从早到晚Thefarmersworkedfrommorningtillnight.农民们从早到晚辛勤劳作。【易错】from...till/until...搭配；till与until通用，until更正式。二、地点、方位与空间位置类介词短语infrontof在……前面（外部）Abusstoppedinfrontofourschool.一辆公交车停在我们学校前面。【易错】infrontof=在……（外部的）前面；inthefrontof=在……（内部的）前部。见下条。inthefrontof在……内部的前面Theteachersatinthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面。【易错】加the指内部前部（教室、车厢内）；不加the指外部前方。这是高频考点。atthebackof在……后部Thereisagardenatthebackofthehouse.房子后面有一个花园。【易错】atthebackof（外部/内部后部均可）vsbehind（在……后面，外部）。behindthehouse更常用。behindthedoor在门后面Thelittlecatwashidingbehindthedoor.那只小猫躲在门后面。nextto紧挨着Ourclassroomisnexttothelibrary.我们的教室紧挨着图书馆。【易错】nextto=紧挨着；next单独作副词表示"下一步"，勿混。closeto靠近Thehotelisclosetothebeach.这家酒店靠近海滩。【易错】closeto中close读/kləʊs/（形容词）；作动词close读/kləʊz/。farfrom远离Myhomeisfarfromthecitycenter.我家离市中心很远。【易错】farfrom后直接跟名词；farawayfrom也可，但far后不加"距离"具体数字时常用farfrom。neartheentrance在入口附近Pleasewaitneartheentrance.请在入口附近等候。atthecornerof在……的拐角处（外部）Thereisasmallshopatthecornerofthestreet.街道拐角处有一家小商店。【易错】atthecornerof（街道拐角，外部）vsinthecornerof（房间内部角落）。见第91条。ontheleftof在……的左边Thebankisontheleftofthesupermarket.银行在超市的左边。【易错】ontheleft/rightof+名词；totheleft/rightof也可，但on更强调相邻。ontherightof在……的右边Thepostofficeisontherightofthelibrary.邮局在图书馆的右边。inthecenterof在……的中心Afountainstandsinthecenterofthesquare.广场中央有一座喷泉。【易错】英式拼写centre，美式center；inthecenterof强调平面中心。inthemiddleoftheroom在房间中央Alargetablestoodinthemiddleoftheroom.房间中央放着一张大桌子。【易错】inthemiddleof可指空间中央，也可指时间"在……过程中"（见第41条）。atthetopof在……顶部Writeyournameatthetopofthepage.把你的名字写在页面顶部。【易错】atthetopof（顶部一点）vsonthetopof（在山顶等表面）。见第93条。atthebottomof在……底部Youcanfindtheansweratthebottomofthepage.你可以在页面底部找到答案。【易错】atthebottomof是固定搭配，一般不用in。ontheground在地面上Severalleaveswerelyingontheground.几片树叶落在地面上。【易错】ontheground（表面接触）vsintheground（埋在地下）。underthetable在桌子下面Thedogissleepingunderthetable.那只狗正在桌子下面睡觉。【易错】under（正下方，可接触可不接触）vsbelow（低于，不一定正下方）vsbeneath（较正式）。abovetheclouds在云层上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云层上方飞行。【易错】above（高于，不接触）vsover（正上方，可覆盖）。见第69条。belowthebridge在桥下方Aboatpassedbelowthebridge.一艘船从桥下驶过。【易错】below（低于）vsunder（正下方）。below不强调正下方。overtheriver在河上方Abeautifulbridgestretchesovertheriver.一座美丽的桥横跨河面。【易错】over强调"跨越、覆盖"；above只表"高于"。acrossthestreet在街道对面Thebookstoreisacrossthestreet.书店在街道对面。【易错】acrossthestreet=在街对面；acrossfrom也可；throughthestreet是"穿过街道"。oppositethebank在银行对面Therestaurantisoppositethebank.餐馆在银行对面。【易错】opposite后不加to（英式偶见oppositeto，但考试以opposite为准）。alongtheriver沿着河边Wewalkedalongtheriverafterdinner.晚饭后，我们沿着河边散步。aroundthecorner在拐角附近；即将发生Thebusstopisjustaroundthecorner.公交车站就在拐角附近。【易错】引申义"即将到来"：Victoryisaroundthecorner.ontheothersideof在……的另一边Aforestliesontheothersideofthehill.山的另一边有一片森林。【易错】ontheothersideof强调"另一侧"；across强调"跨越"。inthedistance在远处Wecouldseemountainsinthedistance.我们能看到远处的山脉。【易错】inthedistance（在远处）vsatadistanceof（相距……）。见下条。atadistanceof在相距……的地方Thevillageisatadistanceoffivekilometersfromhere.这个村庄距离这里五公里。【易错】atadistanceof+具体距离；inthedistance不接距离。inthecountryside在乡村Mygrandparentsliveinthecountryside.我的祖父母住在乡村。【易错】inthecountryside/inthecountry（英式）；美式常用inthecountry。inthecitycenter在市中心Themuseumisinthecitycenter.博物馆位于市中心。【易错】英式centre，美式center；inthecitycenter不加of时指"市中心"整体。onthefarm在农场Thechildrenhelpedfeedtheanimalsonthefarm.孩子们在农场帮忙喂动物。【易错】onthefarm用on，不用in。atthebusstop在公交车站Wewaitedatthebusstopfortenminutes.我们在公交车站等了十分钟。【易错】atthebusstop（点）vsinthebusstation（站内空间）。attherailwaystation在火车站Hisunclemetusattherailwaystation.他的叔叔在火车站接我们。【易错】英式railwaystation，美式railroadstation/trainstation。inthelibrary在图书馆里Studentsmustkeepquietinthelibrary.学生在图书馆里必须保持安静。【易错】inthelibrary（内部空间）；atthelibrary也可，强调"在图书馆这个地方"。attheentranceto在……的入口处Aguardstoodattheentrancetothebuilding.一名保安站在大楼入口处。【易错】entranceto（不是of）是固定搭配：theentrancetothebuilding。attheendoftheroad在路的尽头Turnleftattheendoftheroad.在路的尽头向左转。onthewayto在去……的路上Imetanoldfriendonthewaytoschool.我在上学的路上遇到了一位老朋友。【易错】onthewayto+名词；但onthewayhome不加to（home是副词）。见下条。onthewayhome在回家的路上Sheboughtsomefruitonthewayhome.她在回家的路上买了一些水果。【易错】home作副词时前面不加to；同理gohome，不说gotohome。intheopenair在户外Wehadlunchintheopenair.我们在户外吃了午饭。【易错】intheopenair固定搭配，不加冠词变化。outofthehouse从房子里出去Thechildrenranoutofthehouse.孩子们跑出了房子。【易错】outof表示"从……出来"；outside表示"在……外面"。insidethebuilding在建筑物内部Itwaswarminsidethebuilding.建筑物里面很暖和。【易错】inside可作介词（insidethebuilding）也可作副词（goinside）；insideof是美式口语。outsidetheclassroom在教室外面Severalstudentsweretalkingoutsidetheclassroom.几名学生正在教室外面交谈。inthecornerof在……内部的角落里Thereisadeskinthecorneroftheroom.房间角落里有一张书桌。【易错】inthecornerof（房间内部角落）vsatthecornerof（街道拐角）。见第58条。atthefootofthemountain在山脚下Asmallvillageliesatthefootofthemountain.山脚下有一个小村庄。【易错】atthefootof（山脚）vsatthetopof（山顶）。见下条。onthetopofthehill在山顶上Wetookphotosonthetopofthehill.我们在山顶上拍了照片。【易错】onthetopof（山顶表面）vsatthetopof（顶部一点，如页面顶部）。见第63条。inthesky在天空中Darkcloudsappearedinthesky.天空中出现了乌云。【易错】inthesky用in；不说onthesky。underthebridge在桥下面Somechildrenwereplayingunderthebridge.一些孩子正在桥下面玩耍。throughtheforest穿过森林Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.这条小路穿过森林。【易错】through（从内部穿过）vsacross（从表面横穿）vsover（从上方越过）。betweenthetwobuildings在两栋建筑之间Anarrowroadrunsbetweenthetwobuildings.一条狭窄的道路穿过两栋建筑之间。【易错】between用于两者之间；among用于三者及以上。见下条。amongthetrees在树丛中Wefoundasmallbirdamongthetrees.我们在树丛中发现了一只小鸟。【易错】among后接三者以上或集合名词；between接两者（或双方）。allovertheworld遍布全世界Englishisusedallovertheworld.英语在世界各地被使用。【易错】allovertheworld=aroundtheworld=throughouttheworld，均不加冠词变化。三、原因、目的与结果类介词短语becauseof因为；由于Thegamewascanceledbecauseoftheheavyrain.比赛因为大雨取消了。【易错】becauseof+名词/代词/动名词；because+从句。勿说becauseofitrained。dueto由于；因为Thetrainwaslateduetobadweather.火车因天气不好而晚点。【易错】dueto传统上作表语/定语，现代也作状语；考试中dueto+名词较稳妥。thanksto多亏；由于Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishedtheworkontime.多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了工作。【易错】thanksto可表"多亏"（好事）也可反讽；不能写thankto。owingto由于Owingtothetraffic,wearrivedlate.由于交通拥堵，我们到得很晚。【易错】owingto较正式，多作状语；与dueto近义，但owingto不放名词后作定语。asaresultof由于……的结果Severalroadswereclosedasaresultofthestorm.由于暴风雨，几条道路被封闭了。【易错】asaresultof+名词；asaresult单独作状语。见第107条。forthisreason因为这个原因Hewasill,andforthisreasonhestayedathome.他生病了，因此待在家里。forthatreason因为那个原因Shehadlittletime,andforthatreasonshetookataxi.她时间不多，因此乘坐了出租车。asaresult因此；结果Hepracticedeveryday.Asaresult,heimprovedquickly.他每天练习，因此进步很快。【易错】asaresult后不接名词；接名词用asaresultof。forfearof唯恐；以免Shespokequietlyforfearofwakingthebaby.她轻声说话，唯恐吵醒婴儿。【易错】forfearof+动名词；forfearthat+从句（虚拟语气）。outoffear出于恐惧Theboyranawayoutoffear.那个男孩因为害怕而跑开了。outofcuriosity出于好奇Iopenedtheboxoutofcuriosity.我出于好奇打开了盒子。【易错】outof+情感名词表动机：outofkindness/outoffear/outofcuriosity。outofkindness出于好意Shehelpedtheoldmanoutofkindness.她出于好意帮助了那位老人。forsafetyreasons出于安全考虑Theroadwasclosedforsafetyreasons.出于安全考虑，这条道路被封闭了。【易错】reasons用复数；for...reasons是固定搭配。forhealthreasons出于健康原因Hestoppedeatingfastfoodforhealthreasons.出于健康原因，他不再吃快餐。forpersonalreasons出于个人原因Sheleftthemeetingearlyforpersonalreasons.她因个人原因提前离开了会议。forpracticalreasons出于实际考虑Wechoseasmallercarforpracticalreasons.出于实际考虑，我们选择了一辆较小的汽车。forthepurposeof为了……的目的Thesurveywascarriedoutforthepurposeofunderstandingstudents'needs.开展这项调查是为了了解学生的需求。【易错】forthepurposeof+动名词/名词；forthepurposeofdoing也可。withtheaimof以……为目标ShejoinedtheclubwiththeaimofimprovingherEnglish.她加入俱乐部是为了提高英语水平。【易错】withtheaimof+动名词；aimatdoing也可。inorderto为了Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.为了赶上第一班公交车，他很早就起床了。【易错】inorderto+动词原形；inorderthat+从句；否定用inordernotto。forthesakeof为了；看在……的份上Theyworkedtogetherforthesakeoftheirchildren.为了孩子们，他们一起努力。【易错】forthesakeof+名词/动名词；forGod'ssake是固定感叹。withthehelpof在……的帮助下Withthehelpofmyteacher,Isolvedtheproblem.在老师的帮助下，我解决了这个问题。【易错】withthehelpof放句首时，主句主语须能"被帮助"；勿说Withthehelpofmyteacher,theproblemwassolved（主语不一致，虽可接受但不规范）。withthesupportof在……的支持下Withthesupportofherfamily,shecontinuedherstudies.在家人的支持下，她继续学业。undertheinfluenceof在……的影响下Undertheinfluenceofhisfriends,hetookupbasketball.在朋友们的影响下，他开始打篮球。【易错】undertheinfluenceof常含贬义（如undertheinfluenceofalcohol）；中性的"在……影响下"也可用influencedby。asaconsequenceof由于……的结果Asaconsequenceoftheaccident,theroadwasblocked.由于这起事故，道路被堵住了。【易错】asaconsequenceof+名词；asaconsequence单独作状语。inresponseto作为对……的回应Theschoolchangeditsrulesinresponsetoparents'concerns.学校回应家长的担忧，对规定进行了调整。【易错】inresponseto+名词；respondto是动词短语。二者勿混用。inreplyto作为对……的答复Hewrotealetterinreplytoherquestion.他写了一封信来回答她的问题。【易错】inreplyto+名词；replyto是动词短语。inreactionto对……作出反应Theplantsgrewfasterinreactiontothewarmerweather.由于天气变暖，这些植物生长得更快了。【易错】inreactionto+名词；reactto是动词短语。inmemoryof为纪念Theyplantedatreeinmemoryoftheirteacher.他们种了一棵树来纪念他们的老师。【易错】inmemoryof（纪念逝者或重要人物）；inhonorof（致敬，可用于在世者）。inhonorof为向……表示敬意Aspecialeventwasheldinhonorofthevolunteers.人们举办了一场特别活动，以向志愿者们表示敬意。【易错】英式拼写honour；美式honor。infavorof支持；赞成（也用于比较选择，见第215条）Moststudentswereinfavorofthenewlibrary.大多数学生赞成建造新图书馆。【易错】infavorof+名词/动名词；beinfavorofdoingsth。forthebenefitof为了……的利益Theparkwasbuiltforthebenefitoflocalfamilies.建造这座公园是为了让当地家庭受益。【易错】forthebenefitof+名词；benefitfrom是"从……受益"。forthegoodof为了……的好处Hegaveuptheplanforthegoodoftheteam.为了团队的利益，他放弃了这个计划。withaviewto为了；着眼于Theysavedmoneywithaviewtobuyingahouse.他们存钱是为了买一套房子。【易错】withaviewto中to是介词，后接动名词（buying），不接动词原形。inaneffortto努力试图Thetownplantedmoretreesinanefforttoreduceairpollution.这个城镇努力通过种植更多树木来减少空气污染。【易错】inaneffortto+动词原形；makeanefforttodo也可。inanattemptto试图；为了尝试Hecalledtheofficeinanattempttofindmoreinformation.他打电话到办公室，试图了解更多信息。【易错】inanattemptto+动词原形；attempttodo是动词短语。asawayof作为……的一种方式Walkingisagoodwayofstayinghealthy.散步是保持健康的一种好方式。【易错】awayofdoing/awaytodo均可；wayof后接动名词更常见。bymeansof借助；通过Themessagewassentbymeansofacomputer.这条信息是通过电脑发送的。【易错】bymeansof+名词；bythismeans/byallmeans是固定搭配。forlackof因缺乏Theprojectstoppedforlackofmoney.由于缺乏资金，这个项目停止了。【易错】forlackof+名词；lackof是名词短语，lack作动词时用lacksth。inneedof需要Theoldhouseisinneedofrepair.这栋老房子需要修理。【易错】inneedof+名词；inneed单独用表示"处于困境"（见第331条）。insearchof寻找Theexplorerstravelednorthinsearchoffood.探险者向北行进寻找食物。【易错】insearchof+名词；searchfor是动词短语。inpursuitof追求；追寻Manypeoplemovetocitiesinpursuitofbetterjobs.许多人为了寻找更好的工作而搬到城市。【易错】inpursuitof+名词；pursue是动词。withtheintentionof怀着……的意图Shevisitedtheschoolwiththeintentionofmeetingtheheadteacher.她去学校是想见校长。【易错】withtheintentionof+动名词；intendtodo是动词短语。asameansof作为……的手段Somepeopleusemusicasameansofrelaxation.有些人把音乐作为放松的一种方式。【易错】asameansof+名词/动名词；means单复数同形。inthehopeof怀着……的希望Hestudiedhardinthehopeofpassingtheexam.他努力学习，希望能通过考试。【易错】inthehopeof+动名词；inthehopethat+从句。withthehopeof抱着……的希望Theymovedtothecitywiththehopeoffindingwork.他们搬到城市，希望能找到工作。【易错】与inthehopeof近义，with更强调"带着"。intheinterestof为了……的利益Thedecisionwasmadeintheinterestofpublicsafety.这项决定是为了公众安全。【易错】intheinterestof+名词；inone'sinterest是"符合某人利益"。attherequestof应……的要求Themeetingwasdelayedattherequestofthemanager.应经理的要求，会议被推迟了。【易错】attherequestofsb=atsb'srequest；request后不接todo作此结构。inaccordancewith按照；依照Theworkwascompletedinaccordancewiththerules.这项工作按照规定完成了。【易错】inaccordancewith+名词（较正式）；accordingto也可，但accordance更正式。intheabsenceof在缺少……的情况下Intheabsenceofateacher,thestudentsworkedquietly.老师不在的情况下，学生们安静地学习。【易错】intheabsenceof+名词；absencefrom是"缺席于"。四、方式、工具与手段类介词短语byhand用手；手工Theletterwaswrittenbyhand.这封信是手写的。【易错】byhand（手工）vswithone'shand（用某人的手，具体动作）。bymistake错误地；无意中Itookyourumbrellabymistake.我不小心拿错了你的雨伞。【易错】bymistake（无意）vsonpurpose（故意，见第177条）。byaccident偶然；意外地Shefoundtheoldphotobyaccident.她偶然发现了那张旧照片。【易错】byaccident=bychance；反义onpurpose。bychance碰巧WemetourEnglishteacherbychanceinthepark.我们在公园里碰巧遇到了英语老师。bybus乘公交车Igotoschoolbybuseveryday.我每天乘公交车上学。【易错】by+交通工具（不加冠词）：bybus/bytrain/byair；但onfoot用on。见第157条。bytrain乘火车TheytraveledtoShanghaibytrain.他们乘火车去了上海。byair乘飞机；通过航空运输Freshflowersaresometimestransportedbyair.鲜花有时通过航空运输。【易错】byair=byplane；bysea=byship。bysea乘船；通过海路Thegoodsweresenttotheislandbysea.这些货物通过海路运到了岛上。onfoot步行Theschoolisclose,soIgothereonfoot.学校很近，所以我步行去那里。【易错】onfoot用on，不用by；这是by交通工具系列的唯一例外。inthisway用这种方式Youcanremembernewwordsinthisway.你可以用这种方式记忆新单词。【易错】inthisway（方式）vsbythismeans（手段）；way前用in，means前用by。inthesameway以同样的方式Thesecondquestionshouldbeansweredinthesameway.第二道题也应该用同样的方式回答。inadifferentway以不同的方式Everyonelearnsinadifferentway.每个人的学习方式都不同。withcare小心地；仔细地Pleasehandletheglasswithcare.请小心拿放这个玻璃制品。【易错】with+抽象名词表方式：withcare/withdifficulty/withconfidence。withdifficulty困难地；费力地Theoldmanclimbedthestairswithdifficulty.老人费力地爬上楼梯。【易错】withdifficulty（费力）vswithoutdifficulty（毫不费力）。见下条。withoutdifficulty毫不费力地Sheansweredallthequestionswithoutdifficulty.她毫不费力地回答了所有问题。withconfidence自信地Hespokewithconfidenceduringtheinterview.他在面试中自信地发言。withpatience耐心地Theteacherexplainedtherulewithpatience.老师耐心地解释了这条规则。withinterest感兴趣地Thechildrenlistenedtothestorywithinterest.孩子们饶有兴趣地听着这个故事。withpleasure愉快地；乐意地Iacceptedtheinvitationwithpleasure.我愉快地接受了邀请。【易错】Withpleasure.是回应请求的固定答语（"乐意效劳"）。withasmile面带微笑Shegreetedeveryonewithasmile.她面带微笑地向大家问好。【易错】withasmile加冠词；withpleasure等抽象名词不加冠词。withouthesitation毫不犹豫地Hehelpedtheinjuredmanwithouthesitation.他毫不犹豫地帮助了那名受伤的男子。withoutpermission未经允许Youmustnotentertheroomwithoutpermission.未经允许，你不能进入这个房间。【易错】withoutpermission不加冠词；askforpermission才加。undercontrol处于控制之下Thefirewassoonundercontrol.火势很快得到了控制。【易错】undercontrol（受控）vsoutofcontrol（失控）。见下条。outofcontrol失去控制Thecarwentoutofcontrolonthewetroad.汽车在湿滑的道路上失去了控制。inpublic在公共场合Hefeelsnervouswhenspeakinginpublic.他在公共场合讲话时会感到紧张。【易错】inpublic（公开地）vsinprivate（私下地）。见下条。inprivate私下地Theteacherspoketothestudentinprivate.老师私下和那名学生交谈。insilence安静地；默默地Theysatinsilenceforseveralminutes.他们默默地坐了几分钟。【易错】insilence（沉默状态）vssilently（副词，安静地）。inperson亲自；本人Youshouldexplaintheprobleminperson.你应该亲自解释这个问题。【易错】inperson=personally；不能说byperson。onpurpose故意地Hebrokethetoyonpurpose.他故意弄坏了玩具。【易错】onpurpose（故意）vsbymistake/byaccident（无意）。inahurry匆忙地Shelefthomeinahurry.她匆忙地离开了家。【易错】inahurry加冠词；hurryup是动词短语。inafriendlymanner以友好的方式Theguideansweredourquestionsinafriendlymanner.导游以友好的方式回答了我们的问题。bytelephone通过电话Wemadetheappointmentbytelephone.我们通过电话预约了时间。【易错】bytelephone/byphone/onthephone均可；onthephone强调"在通话中"。byemail通过电子邮件Pleasesendmethedocumentbyemail.请通过电子邮件把文件发给我。【易错】byemail不加冠词；sendanemail才加。throughhardwork通过努力工作Sheachievedhergoalthroughhardwork.她通过努力实现了自己的目标。【易错】through+抽象名词（努力、练习）表手段；by+具体手段。throughpractice通过练习Youcanimproveyourpronunciationthroughpractice.你可以通过练习改善发音。withtheaidof借助；在……的帮助下Thepatientwalkedwiththeaidofastick.病人借助拐杖行走。【易错】withtheaidof（借助工具/人）vswiththehelpof（更常用）。withtheassistanceof在……的协助下Theprojectwasfinishedwiththeassistanceofvolunteers.这个项目在志愿者的协助下完成了。inwriting以书面形式Pleasemakeyourcomplaintinwriting.请以书面形式提出投诉。【易错】inwriting（书面）vsinwrittenform；口语用orally。inEnglish用英语PleaseanswerthequestioninEnglish.请用英语回答这个问题。【易错】in+语言（inEnglish/inChinese）；说"用英语说"也可sayitinEnglish。inChinese用中文TheteacherexplainedthepoeminChinese.老师用中文解释了这首诗。indetail详细地Thereportdescribestheaccidentindetail.这份报告详细描述了这起事故。【易错】indetail不加冠词；detailed是形容词。ingeneral总的来说；通常Ingeneral,exerciseisgoodforourhealth.总的来说，锻炼对我们的健康有益。【易错】ingeneral（总体）vsinparticular（尤其）。见下条。inparticular尤其；特别Ienjoyoutdooractivities,inparticularhiking.我喜欢户外活动，尤其是徒步旅行。infact事实上Infact,thetaskwaseasierthanIexpected.事实上，这项任务比我预想的容易。【易错】infact可表转折或补充；asamatteroffact更口语。inotherwords换句话说Heisverycareful.Inotherwords,herarelymakesmistakes.他非常仔细。换句话说，他很少犯错。inthiscase在这种情况下Inthiscase,youshouldaskyourteacherforhelp.在这种情况下，你应该向老师求助。【易错】inthiscase（此情况）vsinanycase（无论如何）。见下条。inanycase无论如何；不管怎样Inanycase,wemustfinishtheworktoday.无论如何，我们今天都必须完成这项工作。inadvance提前Youshouldbooktheticketsinadvance.你应该提前订票。【易错】inadvance（提前）vsinadvanceof（在……之前）。byoneself独自；独立地Theboylearnedtoswimbyhimself.那个男孩独自学会了游泳。【易错】byoneself（独自，强调无帮助）vsonone'sown（独自，也可表"靠自己"）；oneself须与主语一致。五、比较、对比与选择类介词短语comparedwith与……相比Comparedwithlastyear,ourschoolhasmorestudents.与去年相比，我们学校的学生更多了。【易错】comparedwith/to放句首时，主句主语须与比较对象对应；compared是过去分词，不是paredto与……相比；把……比作Comparedtothecity,thecountrysideisquieter.与城市相比，乡村更加安静。【易错】comparedto可表"比作"；comparedwith更强调"比较"。incomparisonwith与……相比较Incomparisonwiththeoldmodel,thenewphoneislighter.与旧款相比，新款手机更轻。【易错】incomparisonwith/to均可；incomparison单独用表"相比之下"（见第211条）。incontrastto与……形成对比Incontrasttohisbrother,Tomenjoysreading.与他的哥哥不同，汤姆喜欢阅读。【易错】incontrastto/with均可；incontrast单独用表"相反"。incontrastwith与……形成对照Thebrightflowersstoodoutincontrastwiththedarkwall.鲜艳的花朵与深色的墙壁形成了鲜明对比。asopposedto而不是；与……相对Shepreferswalkingasopposedtodriving.她更喜欢步行，而不是开车。【易错】asopposedto+名词/动名词；oppose是动词，beopposedto表"反对"。insteadof代替；而不是Idrankwaterinsteadofsoda.我喝了水，而不是汽水。【易错】insteadof+名词/动名词；instead单独作副词放句末。见第205条。ratherthan而不是Weshouldsolvetheproblemratherthancomplainaboutit.我们应该解决问题，而不是抱怨问题。【易错】ratherthan连接并列成分，前后形式一致（complain与solve对应）；ratherthan后接动词原形时与前面一致。inplaceof代替Weusedaboxinplaceofachair.我们用一个箱子代替椅子。【易错】inplaceof+名词；taketheplaceof是动词短语。inexchangefor作为交换Hegavemehisbookinexchangeformynotebook.他用他的书交换了我的笔记本。【易错】inexchangefor+名词；exchangeAforB是动词短语。inreturnfor作为对……的回报Shehelpedmeinreturnformykindness.她帮助我，以回报我对她的善意。【易错】inreturnfor+名词；inreturn单独用表"作为回报"。ontheonehand一方面Ontheonehand,onlinelearningisconvenient.一方面，在线学习很方便。【易错】常与ontheotherhand配对；ontheonehand不加theother时不能单独用。ontheotherhand另一方面Ontheotherhand,itrequiresself-discipline.另一方面，它需要自律。incomparison相比之下Thefirstplanisexpensive.Incomparison,thesecondischeaper.第一个计划很贵。相比之下，第二个更便宜。【易错】incomparison单独作状语；接比较对象用incomparisonwith。bycomparison比较起来Thecityisnoisy,andthevillageisquietbycomparison.城市很吵，相比之下，村庄很安静。inpreferenceto优先于；更喜欢……而不选……Hechoseteainpreferencetocoffee.他选择了茶，而不是咖啡。【易错】inpreferenceto+名词；preferAtoB是动词短语。attheexpenseof以牺牲……为代价Heworkedtoomuchattheexpenseofhishealth.他过度工作，以牺牲健康为代价。【易错】attheexpenseof+名词；atone'sexpense是"由某人付费"。infavorof赞成；支持（比较选择义）Thestudentsvotedinfavoroftheplan.学生们投票支持这项计划。【易错】与第129条同形，此处侧重"选择A而非B"：infavorofA（ratherthanB）。againsttheideaof反对……的想法Manyparentswereagainsttheideaoflongerschooldays.许多家长反对延长上学时间的想法。【易错】against是介词，后接名词/动名词；oppose是动词。inoppositionto反对；与……对立Theyspokeinoppositiontothenewrule.他们发言反对这项新规定。【易错】inoppositionto+名词；oppose是动词。inagreementwith与……意见一致Iaminagreementwithyoursuggestion.我同意你的建议。【易错】inagreementwithsb/sth；agreewithsb是动词短语。indisagreementwith与……意见不一致Hewasindisagreementwiththefinaldecision.他不同意最终决定。incommonwith与……有共同之处Ihavealotincommonwithmybestfriend.我和最好的朋友有很多共同之处。【易错】havesthincommonwithsb是固定搭配；incommon单独用表"共有"。inrelationto关于；与……相关Theteacheraskedquestionsinrelationtothereadingpassage.老师围绕阅读文章提出了问题。【易错】inrelationto+名词；relateto是动词短语。incomparisonto与……相比Incomparisontothepast,peopletravelmoreeasilytoday.与过去相比，如今人们出行更加方便。differentfrom与……不同Myopinionisdifferentfromyours.我的观点与你的不同。【易错】英式differentfrom；美式differentthan（口语）；differentto英式少见。考试以from为准。similarto与……相似Thisstoryissimilartotheonewereadyesterday.这个故事与我们昨天读的那个故事相似。【易错】similarto（不是similarwith）；besimilarin表"在某方面相似"。thesameas与……相同Myansweristhesameasyours.我的答案与你的一样。【易错】thesameas（不是thesamewith）；thesame...as连接比较对象。inthesamecategoryas与……属于同一类别Applesbelonginthesamecategoryaspears.苹果和梨属于同一类别。intheoppositedirection朝相反的方向Thetwocarsmovedintheoppositedirection.两辆汽车朝相反的方向行驶。【易错】intheoppositedirection（朝反方向）vsintheoppositedirectionto（与……相反方向）。atahigherlevelthan处于比……更高的水平Herreadingskillsareatahigherlevelthanmine.她的阅读能力比我的更强。【易错】比较级+than结