专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷201

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷201

一、选择题(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

(1)1hadknownforalongtimethatthepeoplearoundmeusedamethodof

communicationdifferentfrommine;andevenbeforeIknew(haladeafchildcouldbe

taughttospeak,IwasconsciousofdissatisfactionwiththemeansofcommunicationI

alreadypossessed.Onewhoisentirelydependentuponthemanualalphabethasalwaysa

senseofrestraint,ofnarrowness.Mythoughtswouldoftenriseandbeatuplikebirds

againstthewind,andIpersistedinusingmylipsandvoice.Friendstriedtodiscourage

thistendency,fearinglestitwouldleadtodisappointment.ButIpersisted,andan

accidentsoonoccurredwhichresultedinthebreakingdownofthisgreatbarrier-Iheard

thestoryofRagnhildKaata.(2)In1890Mrs.Lamson,whohadbeenoneofLaura

Bridgman'steachers,andwhohadjustreturnedfromavisittoNorwayandSweden,

cametoseeme,andtoldmeofRagnhildKaata,adeafandblindgirlinNorwaywhohad

actuallybeentaughttospeak.Mrs.Lamsonhadscarcelyfinishedtellingmeabout(his

girfssuccessbeforeIwasonfirewitheagerness.IresolvedthatI,too,wouldlearnto

speak.Iwouldnotrestsatisfieduntilmyteacherlookme,foradviceandassistance,(o

MissSarahFuller,principaloftheHoraceMannSchool.Thislovely,sweet-naturedlady

offeredtoteachmeherself,andwebeganthetwenty-sixthofMarch,1890.(3)Miss

Fullersmethodwasthis:shepassedmyhandlightlyoverherface,andletmefeelthe

positionofhertongueandlipswhenshemadeasound.Iwaseagertoimitateevery

motionandinanhourhadlearnedsixelementsofspeech:M,P,A,S,T,I.MissFuller

gavemeelevenlessonsinall.IshallneverforgetthesurpriseanddelightIfeltwhenI

utteredmyfirstconnectedsentence,"Itiswarm."True,theywerebrokenand

stammeringsyllables;buttheywerehumanspeech.Mysoul,consciousofnewstrength,

cameoutofbondage,andwasreachingthroughthosebrokensymbolsofspeechtoall

knowledgeandallfaith.(4)Nodeafchildwhohasearnestlytriedtospeakthewords

whichhehasneverheard—tocomeoutoftheprisonofsilence,wherenotoneoflove,

nosongofbird,nostrainofmusiceverpiercesthestillness-canforgetthethrillof

surprise,(hejoyofdiscoverywhichcameoverhimwhenheutteredhisfirstword.Only

suchaonecanappreciatetheeagernesswithwhichItalkedtomytoys,tostones,trees,

birdsanddumbanimals,orthedelightIfeltwhenatmycallMildredrantomeormy

dogsobeyedmycommands.Itisanunspeakableboontomelobeabletospeakin

wingedwordsthatneednointerpretation.AsItalked,happythoughtsflutteredupoutof

mywordsthatmightperhapshavestruggledinvaintoescapemyfingers.(5)Butitmust

notbesupposedthatIcouldreallytalkinthisshorttime.Ihadlearnedonlytheelements

ofspeech.MissFullerandMissSullivancouldunderstandme,butmostpeoplewould

nothaveunderstoodonewordinahundred.Norisittruethat,afterIhadlearnedthese

elements,Ididtherestoftheworkmyself.ButforMissSullivan'sgenius,untiring

perseveranceanddevotion,IcouldnothaveprogressedasfarasIhavetowardnatural

speech.Inthefirstplace,IlabourednightanddaybeforeIcouldbeunderstoodevenby

mymostintimatefriends;inthesecondplace,IneededMissSullivan'sassistance

constantlyinmyeffortstoarticulateeachsoundclearlyandtocombineallsoundsina

thousandways.Evennowshecallsmyattentioneverydaytomispronouncedwords.(6)

Allteachersofthedeafknowwhatthismeans,andonlytheycanatallappreciatethe

peculiardifficultieswithwhichIhadtocontend.Inreadingn.yteacher'slipsIwas

whollydependentonmyfingers:1hadtousethesenseoftouchincatchingthevibrations

ofthethroat,themovementsofthemouthandtheexpressionoftheface;andoftenthis

sensewasatfault.InsuchcasesIwasforcedtorepeatthewordsorsentences,sometimes

forhours,untilIfelttheproperringinmyownvoice.Myworkwaspractice,practice,

practice.Discouragementandwearinesscastmedownfrequently;butthenextmoment

(hethoughtthatIshouldsoonbeathomeandshowmylovedoneswhatIhad

accomplished,spurredmeon.andIeagerlylookedforwardtotheirpleasureinmy

achievement.

1、WhatcanweknowaboutthegirlnamedRagnhildKaatafromthepassage?

A、ShestudiedwithLauraBridgman.

B、ShewasastudentofMrs.Lamson.

C、Hersuccessencouragedtheauthor.

D、ShewaseducatedinHoraceMannSchool.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原文第二段前三句作者提到拉根希尔德・卡塔，她是一个又聋又盲的

女孩，但是已经成功地学会了说话，这件事燃起了作者的希望之火，她也想要学会

开「I说话，可•见这个女孩的成功故事激励了作者，故答案为C项.该段只是说拉

姆森夫人是劳拉的授课教师，并没有提到卡塔是否与劳拉一起学习，也没有说她是

拉姆森夫人的学生，因此A项和B项在原文中均没有依据，可先排除；该段倒数

第二句说到作者的老师将她送至萨拉・富勒小姐那里，而这位小姐是霍勒斯・曼恩学

校的校长，但是并没有说卡塔是在这个学校学习的，故排除D项。

2、Atthefirstutteranceofaword,theauthorexperiencedallthefollowingfeelings

EXCEPT.

A、thetouchofastonishment

B、aslighttension

C、agreatpleasure

D、somesenseoffreedom

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原文第三段第四句说到了作者尝试说出第一句话时的感受，她直接用

到的两个词是surprise和delighl,这与A项和C项表述的意义一致，因此先排除这

两个选项；该段倒数第一句说到，在灵魂深处，我感受到了一股挣脱了某种束缚的

新生力量，可见她感到了一种自由，因此D项也应排除。原文中并没有说到她在

学习说话的时候是否感到紧张，B项与原文不符，故为答案。

3、Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfbcuson?

A、Howtheauthorovercameallthedifficulties.

B、Howtheteachersaidedandsupportedtheauthor.

C、Whatcouldhelpthedeafandblindlearntotalk.

D^Whattheauthordreamttodoafterlearning.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章最后一段讲到作者的老师们对于她的积极努力和勇气都表示赞

同，作者也详细地描写了她用触摸的方式学习说话的情况，重复练习长达数个小

时.，即使有气馁和厌倦的时候，一想到要与家人分享学习的成果，就重新振作。可

见这一段主要讲述的是作者在学习过程中如何克服了各种困难，故A项为答案。B

项“教师们如何帮助和支持作者“只在段落开头提及，不能概括全段，因此排除：作

者提到想要与家人分享，是作为她克服困难的动力，且仅仅出现在段落末尾，因此

D项也不是全段主旨；而本文讲述的是一位耳聋者学习说话的情况，并没有具体介

绍方法，可见C项“怎样可以帮助乂聋乂盲的人学习说话”也应排除。

(1)ThcCanterburyTalcs,writtenheGeoffreyChaucerinthelate14thCentury,tellsthe

storyofagroupofmedievalpilgrimstravelingfromLondonloCanterbury.Sixhundred

yearslater,theStarWarsmovieswerefilmedonthesamethoroughfare.Thisroadis

WatlingStreet—andthereisnoroadintheEnglish-speakingworldmoresteepedin

stories.(2)WenowthinkofWatlingStreetastheA2andtheA5motorways,whichrun

diagonallyacrossBritainfromAngleseyinnorth-westWalestoDoverinsouth-east

England.ButtheroadhasexistedthroughoutallofBritishhistory.Itisoneof(hefew

permanentfixturesofthisislandandoneofthefirstlinesonthemap.Ithasbeena

Neolithicpathway,aRomanroad,oneofthefourmedievalroyalhighways,aturnpikein

theageofcoachtravelandthetraffic-chokcd"Aroad"oftoday.Itisapalimpsest,

alwaysbeingrewritten.(3)WatlingStreet'soriginsarelostinthemistsofprehistory,but

itseemstoalreadyhavebeenancientwhentheRomansstraightenedandpavedthe

stretchbetweenDovertoWroxctcr.Evenatthebeginning,theroadwasentwinedwith

stories:itwassaidthattheroutehadbeenbuiltbyKingBclinus,amythicalfigurerelated

tothepagansungodBelenus.Today,theroadalsorunsalongsideElstreeStudios,onthe

outskirtsofLondon,wherethousandsofmoviesandtelevisionserieshavebeenshotover

(helast100years.(4)FormanyyearsitwasbelievedthatWilliamShakespearewrotea

playcalledTheWidowofWatlingStreet;itwasincludedinearlycollectionsofhiswork.

ItisnowthoughtthattherealauthorofthatplaywasThomasMiddleton.But

Shakespearecanstillbeconnectedtotheroad.BeforetheRomansbridgedtheThames,

theoriginalrouteofWatlingStreetfordedtheriverwhereWestminsterPalacenow

stands.TheroutewouldhaverunclosetowhereShakespeare'sGlobeTheatrein

Southwarklaterstood.(5)In1922theFrenchphilosopherandJesuitpriestPierre

TeilharddeChardincoinedtheterm"noosphere",whichreferstotherealmofimmaterial

things.Thenoosphereistheplacewhereyou'llfindallourstories,aswellasourlaws,

cultureandphilosophy.Thewordarisesfromthebiosphere,tncrealmofalllivingthings.

Thebiosphere,inturn,emergesfromthegeosphere,whichisthesolidphysicalworld.De

Chardinrecognizedthattheworldofmyths,legendsandstoriesareultimatelyrootedin

specificpartsofthematerialworld.Theyemergefromplacejustasmuchastheyemerge

fromimagination.(6)Inthe21stCentury,thenoospherehasbeenreferredtoas

"ideaspace”,atermcoinedbytheEnglishcomicswriterAlanMooreandhismentor

SteveMoore.AlanandSteveMoorebothspenttheirliveslivingclose(oWadingStreet,

andtheroadappearsin(heworkofboth.Astheyseeil,eachofushasourownprivate

estateinideaspace,whereourprivatethoughtsanddreamscanbefound.Butotherparts

ofideaspacearesharedandpublic,anditisinthesecommunalareasthatwidelyknown

characters,storiesandlegendsreside.(7)FortheMoores,awalkacrossalandscapewas

asmuchawalkthroughthefiction,historiesandassociationsoftheareaasitwasawalk

acrossthephysical,materialworld.Seenthroughtheireyes,aroadasoldasWatling

Street—whichisstillusedbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleeveryday—isessentially

amachinedesignedtoaccumulatestoryuponstory.(8)NotlongaftertheM6Tollroad

openedin2003,afamilydrivingalongi(sawwhat(heyfirstthoughtwereanimals.

Drawingnearer,(heycametobelievethattheywerelookingat(heghostsofabout20

Romansoldiers.When(heM5Tollopened,thebuildingsuppliescompanyTarmac

Groupannounced(hatitssurfacewasmadeoutofasphalt,tarmacand"twoandahalf

millionpulpedMills&Boonnovels".ThoseRomanghostswerenotjustwadingthrough

(hephysicalaccumulationofcenluries,buttheimmaterialaccumulationaswell:theroad

isliterallybuiltoutofstories.Populist,throwawaystories,admittedly—butthen,

romanceisalwaysthebestgenretobuildroadsfrom.

4、ItcanbeconcludedfromParas.1and2thatWatlingStreet.

A、wasfirstwrittenintoastorybyChaucerinthe14thCentury

B、becametheshootingbackgroundofStarWarsmovies

C、isoneofthemostimportanttrafficarteriesinBritain

D、hasbeenrepeatedlyrebuiltin由eBritishhistory

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原文第一段第二、三句指出，《星球大战》系列电影就是在乔叟提到

的那条大道上拍摄的，而这条大道就是惠特灵大道。可见这条大道就是《星球大

战》的一个拍摄地点，故B项为正确答案。原文第一段首句虽然说到这条大道被

写进了乔叟的故事里，但并没有说是首次，因此排除A项；原文第二段中虽然写

到了惠特灵大道的基本情况和在各个历史时期的特点，但是并没有评价它在交通方

面的重要性，故排除C项；D项”在英国历史上曾被反复重建”是对原文第二段信息

的误解，原文只是说到了这条大道在各个历史时期的特点，并没有说到它是否被重

建，因此也排除。

5、Whoregardedtheancientroadbothasakindofphysicalexistenceandimmaterial

accumulation?

A、WilliamShakespeare.

B、ThomasMiddleton.

C、PierreTeilharddeChardin.

D、AlanandSteveMoore.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原文第六段中详细介绍了艾伦和史蒂夫关于思想空间的观点和看法，

而第七段首句则明确说到，对于这两位先生而言，在山水间漫步既是在物质世界中

漫步，也是徜徉于思想领域，随后说到，他们认为这条大道既是实际上每个人要用

到的，也是汇聚故事的地方，可见他们将这条路既看作是物质存在，也看作是非物

质的积累，因此D项为答案。第四段第三句只是提到莎士比亚可能与惠特灵大道

有关联，但并没有说到莎士比亚对这条古老道路的看法，故排除A项：作者在第

四段第二句说明《惠特灵大道的寡妇》这部作品是汤玛士•梅道登所著，但没有说

到他对这条路的看法，故排除B项；第五段详细介绍了夏尔丹的“智慧圈”思想，

说明了神话、传说等精神世界的东西与物质世界的联系，但是也没有提到他对这条

大道有什么看法，故排除C项。

6、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthosestoriesconnectedwith(heroad?

A、Theyneedtobecarefullychosen.

B、Theycanbefurtherstudied.

C、Theyshouldbewellcherished.

D、Theyarealltobeabandoned.

标准答案；C

知识点解析：原文第八段讲到M6收费公路开通后不久的一个灵异故事，而收费站

的建筑材料提供方说这个建筑是用柏油、混凝土和两白五十万本压成纸浆的小说做

成的，而作者在文章结尾处说到，这条路简直就是由故事修建成的，而浪漫主义总

是道路修建最佳的源起方式，可见作者对这些故事是持肯定态度的，认为这些都是

非物质文化的积淀，故C项为答案。作者既然对这些故事持肯定态度，必然不会

想要摒弃它们，因此排除D项；而作者也没有提到是否应该对其进行挑选或者进

一步研究，因此排除A项和B项。

(I)Americanculturenurturesmanymythsaboutthemoralvalueofhardwork.The

phrase"by(hebootstraps."stillwidelyusedtodescribethoseAmericanswhohavefound

successthroughacombinationofdoggedworkandstubbornwill,rosefromamis-

rememberingofTheSurprisingAdventuresofBaronMunchausen:Init,theeponymous

aristocratpullshimselffromaswamp—notbyhisbootstraps,butbyhishair.And

HoratioAlger'sstories,aswell,whileoftenrememberedcollectivelyastheprototypical

taleofAmericanragstoAmericanriches,romanticizednotjustthesocialandeconomic

powerofhardwork,butalsothepowerofold-fashionedgoocluck.(2)Themythslive

on,though,forthesamereasonmythsoftenwill:Theyratifyadeeplyheldvaluein

Americanculture.Theyallowusdenizensofthecurrentmomenttoholdontooneofthe

mostbelovedideasthathasanimatedAmericans'conceptionofthemselves—ourselves

asaculture,overthedecadesandcenturies:thatweliveinameritocracy(精英体制).

Thatourwidelyimitatedandyetidiosyncralic(另类的)lakecndemocracyhasbeen

built,andcontinuestorest,onasystemthatensuresthattalentandhardworkwillbe

rewarded.(3)Currentevents,however-andAmericans'abilitytosharetheirexperiences

witheachother,vianewtechnologicalplatforms—havehelpedtorevealthenotionof

meritocracytobewhatitalwayswas:yetanothermyth.DuringadiscussionattheAspen

IdeasFestival,NPR'sMicheleNorristalkedwithDarrenWalker,thepresidentofthe

FordFoundation,andJeffRaikes,theco-founderoftheRaikesFoundation.Thetrio,in

theirdiscussion,emphasizedrhetensionsbetweenhowwetalkabouttheAmerican

drcamandhowpeopleliveit.(4)"AsAmericans,wewanttobelievethatyoucangeton

(hatmobilityescalator(自动扶梯)andrideitasfarasyouwant,"Walkersaid,"butthat

nooneridesitfasterthananyoneelse."Wewanttobelievethattalentwilltriumph,and

thathardworkwillbethetoolofthatsuccess.Whichistosay:Wewanttobelievethat

opportunityisevenlydistributed.(5)But.ofcourse,thatgreatescalatorisfarfasterfor

somethanitisforothers.Itisharderforsometogettointhefirstplacethanitisfor

others.Andit'sbeenthatwayfromthebeginning:Thiscountry,asWalkerputit,"was

constructedonaracializedhierarchy."It'sahierarchythatremainstoday-onethatis

evident,inwaysbothobviousandlatent,acrossAmericanculture,acrosstheAmerican

educationsystem,acrosstheAmericanhousingsystem,acrosstheAmericaneconomy.

(6)Andyetourstories,andourmyths,tendtobelie(证明..是虚假的)thatreality.The

logicofmeritocracy,asaconcept—"asysteminwhichthetalentedarechosenand

movedaheadonthebasisoftheirachievement,"perMcrriam-Wcbstcr,butalso,per

Dictionary,com,"anelitegroupofpeoplewhoseprogressisbasedonabilityandtalent

ratherthanonclassprivilegeorwealth"-endorsesaworldinwhicheconomicsuccess

carriesamoralvalence,andinwhich,asaconsequence,thelackofsuchsuccessimplies

akindofmoralfailing.(7)It'satensionplayingout,atthemoment,withthenegotiations

takingplaceinCongress,aboutthefutureoftheAmericanhcalth-carcsystem.Manyof

(hosedebates,mycolleagueVannNewkirkpointedout,haveadoptedthepernicious

logicoftheprosperitytruth——theideathatsuccess,andwealth,andindeedhealthitself,

aresignsofGod'sfavor.Butit'satension,too,thathaslonginflectedconversations

aboutsocialassistanceprograms-atensionthathas,ingeneral,longdefinedhow

Americans(hinkaboutwhattheyowetoeachother,aspeopleandasfellowcitizens.(8)

"Meritocracy"takesasitscoreassumption,essentially,anequalitythatdoesnotexistin

America.Itisromanticratherthanrealistic."Tosuccessfulpeople/'Walkersaid,"to

interrogatetheirsuccessrequiresthattheyacknowledgetheinjusticethatisbakedinto

oursystems.Andthat'sreally,reallyhardtodo,becausewe'repatriots.Webelieveinour

country.Webelievethatthereissomethingthatmakesitpossibleforpeoplelikeme,and

Jeff,andNorristobewherev/earetoday."(9)ThatsomethingistheAmericandream.

Thatsomethingis"anelitegroupofpeoplewhoseprogressisbasedonabilityandtalent"

asamythandaculturalidealAsconcepts,theyclaimtospeaktothebestofwhowcarc;

inpractice,however,theycanserveasajustificationoftheworst.Theycanallowusto

becomplacentabouttheworldratherthaninterrogateit.Afterall,asNorrissummed

thingsup:InAmerica,"wearethelandofthebraveandthehomeofamnesia."

7、WhydoestheauthormentionTheSurprisingAdventuresofBaronMunchausenand

HoratioAlger'sstories?

A^Toexplorethemeaningofthephrase"bythebootstraps".

B、Toargueagainstthemisunderstandingaboutamyth.

C、Tushowuoiinculiunsbetweenmyllis<mdmoialvalues.

D、TorevealtheculturaloriginofAmericanmeritocracy.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原文第一段第二句作者在解释短语bythebootstraps的意义及其来源

时提到《吹牛大王历险记》这本书，说明这个短语强调靠自身努力实现成功，而其

后霍雷肖・阿尔杰的故界也是一个靠辛勤劳动从乞丐到富翁的传奇；作者在第二段

明确指出，这说明了一种美国信念和价值观念，即精英体制。由此可以看出作者是

用这两个故事来说明这种理念的文化根源，故D项为答案。作者除了在第一段第

二句中澄清关于这个短语的•个错误以外，并没有在后文继续挖掘它的意义，也没

有再提到这个传说，因此排除A项和B项；C项”显示传说与道德观念之间的联

系”，这个说法过于笼统，也不是本文的主题，囚此C项不符合题意，故排除。

8、Whichof(hefollowingstatementsmayMr.Walkeragreewith?

A^Moralvaluesaredeeplyinfluencedbyoldmyths.

B、TheAmericansocietyisfundamentallyhierarchical.

C、Economicsuccessislinkedwithamoralvalence.

D、Mostsuccessfulpeoplebenefitfrommeritocracy.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原文第五段第三、四句中提到，沃克尔认为，美国是建立在一种有种

族主义色彩的等级制度之上的，而这个等级制度至今仍然保留着，并以不同的形式

反映在文化、教育、经济等多个领域之中。由此可见美国社会基本上还是有等级

的，故B项为答案。沃克尔的观点中没有涉及到神话传说的问题，A项与原文不

符，故排除；第六段最后一句说到在精英体制下，经济成功承载着道德地位，但这

并不在沃克尔论述的范围之内，故排除C项；作者在第八段第一句就指出，精英

体制所体现的平等只是空柱，根本不存在，后文中提到沃克尔认为成功人士应该明

白这一点，而不是说他们都得益于精英体制，故排除D项。

9、Accordingtothecontext,"(hatreality"inPara.6referstothefactthat.

A、thereisnoidealequalityinAmerica

B、opportunitiesareevenlydistributed

C、theescalatormaybehardtogetin

D、meritocracyisbakedintoAmericanculture

标准答案：A

知识点解析：设问句出现在原文第六段第一句。根据thal的指代关系回溯至上一段

最后两句，作者在此处指出美国其实从建立起就是一个基于等级制度的国家，而且

这种等级制度仍然在社会的各个领域保留着。可见精英体制所标榜的人人都可以通

过努力而提升社会地位的平等是不存在的，故A项为答案。机遇的问题不是本文

论述的主题，故排除B项；而根据指代关系，C项选项内容与设问句位置太远，也

可排除；根据作者在之前段落的论述，可知精英体制的自我认识确实烙入了美国文

化，但他认为等级制度更加普遍存在，这里的thatreality指的正是这种普遍存在但

经常被忽略的等级制度，故排除D项。

10、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorregardsthenotionofmeritocracy

as.

A^afakedmyth

B、abackboneofthesociety

C、aspiritualshelter

D、asoundsystem

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在最后一段总结了他对精英体制的看法。他指出，精英体制和美

国梦等信念是美国的神话和文化典范，可以表现出人性中最佳的一面，可以让人们

对这个世界感到满意，而不是质疑；而最后一句指出，美国人都是勇往直前，且十

分健忘(忘抻自己的疑虑)。可见这个理念是一种精神寄托，因此答案为C