专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷319

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷319

一、选择题(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

(I)Thedaywasended-quitesuccessfully,sofarassheknew.TheTrusteesandthe

visitingcommitteehadmadetheirrounds,andreadtheirreports,anddrunktheirtea,and

nowwerehurryinghometotheirowncheerfulfiresides,toforgettheirbothersomelittle

chargesforanothermonth.Jerushaleanedforwardwatchingwithcuriosity—andatouch

ofwistfulness—thestreamofcarriagesandautomobilesthatrolledoutoftheasylum

gates.(2)Inimaginationshefollowedfirstoneequipage,thenanother,tothebighouses

dottedalongthehillside.Shepicturedherselfinafurcoatandavelvethattrimmedwith

feathersleaningbackinthescatandnonchalantlymurmuring"Home"tothedriver.But

onthedoor-sillofherhomethepicturegrewblurred.(3)Jerushahadanimagination—an

imagination,Mrs.Lippctttoldher,thatwouldgetherintotroubleifshedidn'ttake

care—butkeenasitwas,itcouldnotcarryherbeyondthefrontporchofthehousesshe

wouldenter.Poor,eager,adventurouslittleJerusha,inallherseventeenyears,hadnever

steppedinsideanordinaryhouse;shecouldnotpicturethedailyroutineofthoseother

humanbeingswhocarriedon(heirlivesundiscommodedbyorphans.(4)Je-ru-shaAb­

bottYouarewan-tedIn(heof-fice,AndIthinkyou'dBetterhurryup!(5)Tommy

Dillon,whohadjoinedthechoir,camesingingupthestairsanddownthecorridor,his

chantgrowinglouderasheapproachedroomF.Jerushawrenchedherselffromthe

windowandrefacedthetroublesoflife.(6)"Whowantsme?"shecutintoTommy's

chantwithanoteofsharpanxiety.(7)Mrs.Lippettintheoffice.AndIthinkshe'smad.

Ah-a-mcn!(8)Tommypiouslyintoned,buthisaccentwasnotentirelymalicious.Even

themosthardenedlittleorphanfeltsympathyforanerringsisterwhowassummonedto

theofficetofaceanannoyedmatron;andTommylikedJerushaevenifshedid

sometimesjerkhimbythearmandnearlyscrubhisnoseoff.(9)Jerushawentwithout

comment,butwithtwoparallellinesonherbrow.Whatcouldhavegonewrong,she

wondered.Werethesandwichesnotthinenough?Werethereshellsinthenutcakes?Had

aladyvisitorseentheholeinSusieIlawthorn'sstocking?Ilad——Ohorrors!—oneofthe

cherubiclittlebabesinherownroomF"sauced"aTrustee?(10)Thelonglowerhallhad

notbeenlighted,andasshecamedownstairs,alastTrusteestood,onthepointof

departure,intheopendoor(hatled(o(heporte-cochere.Jerushacaughtonlyafleeting

impressionoftheman—andtheimpressionconsistedentirelyoftallness.Hewaswaving

hisarmtowardanautomobilewaitinginthecurveddrive.Asitsprangintomotionand

approached,headonforaninstant,theglaringheadlightsthrewhisshadowsharply

againstthewallinside.Theshadowpicturedgrotesquelyelongatedlegsandarmsthatran

alongthefloorandupthewallofthecorridor.Itlooked,foralltheworld,likeahuge,

waveringdaddy-long-legs.(11)Jerusha'sanxiousfrowngaveplacetoquicklaughter.She

wasbynatureasunnysoul,andhadalwayssnatchedthetiniestexcusetobeamused.If

onecouldderiveanysortofentertainmentoutoftheoppressivefactofaTrustee,itwas

somethingunexpectedtothegood.Sheadvancedtotheofficequitecheeredbythetiny

episode,andpresencedasmilingfacetoMrs.Lippett.Tohersurprisethematronwas

also,ifnotexactlysmiling,atleastappreciablyaffable;sheworeanexpressionalmostas

pleasantastheoneshedonnedforvisitors.(12)"Sitdown,Jerusha,Ihavesomethingto

saytoyou."Jcrushadroppedintothenearestchairandwaitedwithatouchof

breathlessness.(640words,readability68.4)

1、AtthebeginningofthestoryJerushaseemedtobeallEXCEPT.

A^contended

B、imaginative

C、peaceful

D、sensitive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题为反向选择题。文中第二段描述了乔若莎对“家”的

想象,由“Shepicturedherselfinafiircoatandavelvethattrimmedwithfeathers

leaningbackintheseatandnonchalantlyinurmuring'Home'tothedriver”可知，她是

一个平和、富有想象力且敏感的女孩,故排除选项Bimaginative、Cpeaceful和D

sensitiveo第三段第二句提到“Poor,eager,adventurouslittleJcrusha,inallher

seventeenyears,hadneversteppedinsideanordinaryhouse”,由此可知，小乔若莎在

她17年的岁月里从未进入任何一个家庭，她对家的渴望跃然纸上。由此可推断

出，她对生活的很多梦想还未实现，选项A”满意的，满足的“与文义不符，故选项

A正确，排除其他选项。

2、InPara.5,theword"wrenched"means.

A、hurt

B、grasped

C、pulled

D、twisted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义猜测题。根据题干定位至文中第五段。该段上文写乔若莎倚着窗

台，好奇地看着一连串的马车、汽车穿过孤儿院的大门，她不禁产生了对“家''的幻

想。正在这时有人叫她赶紧去办公室。由第五段首句“TommyDillon...hischant

growinglouderasheapproachedroomF.Jerushawrenchedherselffromthewindowand

refacedtheiroublesoflilV可知，汤米.狄龙一边唱歌一边喊她，把她的思绪从窗外

拉回来，再次面对生活中的麻烦。因此，wrench在此语境中的意思为“pull”，故选

项C为正确答案，排除其他选项。

3、Jerusha'simpressionofthelastTrusteeismainlyabout.

A^hisautomobile

B、hisfigure

C、hismanners

D^hisremarks

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词ihelastTrusiee定位至文中第十段第

二句"Jerushacaughtonlyafleetingimpressionoftheman—andtheimpression

consistedentirelyoftaHness”，由此可知，乔若莎对这位特别的理事印象最深的就是

他瘦长的身材，正如末句指出的力ikeahuge,waveringdaddy-long-legs”，活像人们

俗称的“长腿叔叔”，故选项B正确。该段提到了A选项中所说理事的汽车，但没

做过多描述，选项C“他的行为举止”和D“他的言论”都未在文中提及，故排除选项

A、C和D。

(1)Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth'ssurface.But

earthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesas

thedepthincreases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Near

thesurfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonth,buttheyearlyaveragedoes

notvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyear,the

numberofdisastrousearthquakesisverysmall.(2)Theextentofthedisasterinan

earthquakedependsonmanyfactors.Ifyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectset,

itwillstillstandnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetabic.Butifyoubuildatoyhouse

withapackofcards,aslightshakeofthetablewillmakeitfall.Anearthquakein

Agadir,Morocco,wasnotstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstruments,butit

completelydestroyedthecity.Manystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittle

damage.Ifabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidground,itwillresistan

earthquake.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionor

poorbuildingsites.Athirdandveryseriousfactorispanic.Whenpeoplerushoutinto

narrowstreets,moredeathswillresult.(3)TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportant

partinreducingthedamagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoall

countriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.Workingwithlocalgeologistsand

engineers,theexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpractical

buildingcodeforthelocalarea.Iffollowed,thesesuggestionswillmakedisastrous

earthquakesalmostathingofthepast.(4)Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthat

littlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawaves,ortsunamis.

(Thesearcoftencalledtidalv/aves,butthenameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodo

withtides.)Incertainareas,earthquakestakeplacebeneaththesea.Thesesubmarine

earthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableout

atseabecauseof(heirlongwavelength.Butwhen(heyrollintoharbors,theypileup

intowallsofwater6to6。feethigh.IheJapanesecallthem"tsunamis",meaning"harbor

waves",because(heyreachasizableheightonlyinharbors.(5)Tsunamistravelfairly

slowly,alspeedsup(o500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarn

allshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.Butthisonlyenablespeopletoleavethe

threatenedshoresforhigherground.Thereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwave.(457

words,readability74.2)

4、WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A、Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.

B、Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.

C、Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.

D、Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题为反向选择题。选项A”地宸发生的次数与深度有

关”可在文中首段第三句Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases（深度越深，

地震次数越少）中找到依据，由此可推断出，A选项与文义相符，排除该选项。选

项B“每年发生的地震数量人致相同”可.在文中首段第五句buttheyearlyaveragedoes

notvaiymuch（但是年平均次数差距并不大）中找到依据，故排除选项B。文中首

段第一句指出，Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth's

surface,由此可知，大部分地震发生在地壳15英里以内，由此可推断出，选项

D“地震主要发生在地表处”与文义相符，故排除。因此，该题符合题意的正确答案

为选项C,而且文中首段第二句也证实了该选项是错误的。

5、ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof.

A、faultybuildingconstruction

B、anearthquake^strength

C、widespreadpanicinearthquakes

D^ineffectiveinstruments

标准答案：A

知识/解析：推理判断题。由题干中的关键词Agadir可定位至文中第二段，该段

开头举例说明地震造成的灾难程度受到建筑方法和材料的影响，进而提到了发生在

摩洛哥阿加迪尔的地震，虽然震级不大，但这场地震却将整座城市夷为平地。由此

作者在该段第六句总结指出“Ifabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidground,

ilwillicshlaiicauhqudkc”，即如果建筑牢固，地基坚实，则可以抵御地震冲击。由

此可推断出，摩洛哥阿加迪尔被地震摧毁主要是因为不良的建筑结构（faully

buildingconstruction）,故选项A正确,排除其他选项。

6、TheUnitedNations,expertsarcsupposedto.

A^constructstrongbuildings

B、putforwardproposals

C、detectdisastrousearthquakes

D、monitorearthquakes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词TheUnitedNations,可定位至文中

第三段，该段提到联合国派遣了C家去饱受地震袭扰的国家研究最适合该地区的实

用建筑类型，末句指出“Iffollowed,thesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakes

almostathingofthepast”，由此可知，如果能按照建议实施，那么未来不会再有灾

难性的地震发生。故选项B为正确答案。由该段“Workingwithlocalgeologistsand

engineers,theexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpractical

buildingcodeforthelocalarea''可知，这些专家与当地地质学家及工程师共加了解

了当地土壤状况后，研究最适合该地区的实用建筑类型，而不是A“建造坚固的大

楼”、C“发现灾难性的地震”和D“监测地震”，故排除选项A、C和D。

7、Whyistherelittlecanbedoneaboutearthquakedisasterscausedbytsunamis?

A、Becausetheyhappenallofasudden.

B、Becausetheyhappenatnight.

C、Becausetheearthquakestakeplacebeneaththeseaandtsunamisarestrong.

D、Becausetheyareunpredictable.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。由题干中的earthquakedisasters定位到第四段

4t...earthquakestakeplacebeneaththesea.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgive

risetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheir

longwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharbors,theypileupintowallsofwater6to

60feeihigh.”由此可知，这种地震灾难让人猝不及防是因为地震发生在海底，并且

伴随很强的海啸，故选项C正确，排除其他选项。

(1)Oneofthemorenotedopticalillusionsintheannalsofvisualdeceptionappearedin

thenightskythisweekwhenagiantfullmoonappearedonthehorizon.Thegiantballof

ycllow-whitclightmadetheMoonappeartolingerforlonger,andEarth'ssatellite

seemedlargeratthatpointinitsjourneyacrosstheskythanatanyotherposition.(2)In

fact,thesizeoftheMoonintheskydocsnotvaryanditsapparentenlargementonthe

horizonispurelyatrickoftheeye.ItwasfirstwrittenaboutbytheancientChineseand

Greeks—althoughscientistsarestillarguingoveritscause.Theillusionwasespecially

visibleonWednesdaynightbecausethismonth'sfullmooncoincidedwilhthesummer

solstice,whileclearskiesgavespectacularviewsastheMoonroseslowlyabove(he

horizon.When(heMoonisfull,itandtheSunareonoppositesidesofthesky.During

summer,whentheSunriseshighinoursky,thefullmoonarecorrespondinglylow—

allowingthemtolingerlongei-overthehorizon.(3)TheastronomerSirPatrickMoore

saidthat(herewasnodoubtthatwhenafullmoonwaslowonthehorizonitinvariably

lookedbiggerthanwhenitwashighupinthesky,butthiswaspurelyanillusion."The

effectisvisibleateveryfullmoonbutwasparticularlygoodthistimebecausethefull

moonwasaslowintheskyasitcouldeverbeandappearedtohoverabovethehorizon/'

SirPatricksaid.(4)OnewayofshowingthattheMoondoesnotreallyvaryinsizeisto

holdupasmallcointotheskytoseehowfarawayitcanbeheldbeforeitblocksoutthe

Moon—itshoulddoitatthesamedistancenomatterwheretheMoonispositioned."It

hasbeenknownandcommentedonfbrmanyhundredsofyears.Anexplanationwas

givenbythelastandgreatestastronomerofancienttimes,Ptolemy,whosaid(heillusion

wasdueto(hefactthatwewereseeingtheMoonacrossfilledspaceandcouldcompare

itwithobjectssuchastreesandhouses,"SirPatricksaid,(b)1heconventional

explanationfortheillusiontodayis(hatitisacombinationof(wopsychologicaleffects.

Thefirstis(hePonzoillusion,namedafterMarioPonzoin1913,whodrewtwoidentical

barsacrossconverginglinessuchasrailway(racks.Bothbarsarethesamesizebutthe

nearerlookssmallerbecausetheeyeandthebrainjudgethefartherbartobebiggerin

proportiontoitssurroundings.ThiscouldexplainwhyweperceivetheMoontobelarger

whenitliesagainstbackgroundoffamiliarobjectssuchastreesandbuildings.(6)

However,criticsofthisideapointoutthatairlinepilotsflyingathighaltitudessometimes

experiencetheMoonillusionevenwithoutseeinganyrecognizablefeaturesonthe

horizon.And,curiously,theillusiondisappearsformanypeoplewhentheybenddown

andwatchafullmoonthroughtheirlegs.(7)Thesecondexplanationisthatthebrain

doesnotseetheskyasthe"ceiling"ofatruehemisphere,butratherasaflatteneddome.

Inotherwords,objectsthatareoverhead,suchasflyingbirds,areperceivedtobenearer

thanobjectsonthehorizon—whichiswhyweimagineobjectsonthehorizon(obe

biggerthanobjectsoverhead.(8)Butthisexplanationdoesnetsatisfysomescientists,

either.InatheorysimilarinsomewaystothePonzoillusion,ProfessorDonMcCready

oftheUniversityofWisconsinbelievesthetrueexplanationrestsinthefactthatour

brainstendtomakeobjectssmallerwhentheyappearclosertousbasedondistancecues.

WhentheMoonisonthehorizon,thesurroundingbuildingsandtreesgiveuscluesthat

itisveryfaraway,whichcausesthebraintoperceiveittobelargerthanitwould

normallyappear,ProfessorMcCreadysaid.(679words,readability54.3)

8、TheconventionalexplanationfortheMoonillusiontodayisthat.

A^ourbrainstendtomakeobjectssmallerwhen(heyappearcloser(ousbasedon

distancecues

B、objectsthatarcoverheadarcperceivedtobenearerthanobjectsonthehorizon

C、theeffectsofPonzoillusion

D^itisacombinationoftwopsychologicaleffects

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节理解题。文中第五段首句指出Theconventionalexplanationfor

theillusiontodayisthatitisacombinationoftwopsychologicaleffects,由此可知，对

这种错觉的传统解释是，它是两种心理效应的结合，故选项D正确。由第八段第

二句"ProfessorDonMcCready...ourbrainstendtomakeobjectssmallerwhenthey

appearclosertousbasedondistancecues”可知,此观点和“thePonzoillusion”在某些

方面类似，而第五段指出对这种错觉的传统解释是，它是两种心理效应的结合，其

中一种是“thePonzoillusioiT,故选项A与文义不符,故排除。选项B的内容在文

中第七段有依据，但这只是其中一种心理效应，因此，该选项不符题意，故排除。

选项C也只是其中的一种心理效应，与题意不符，故排除。

9、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

A、Thebraindoesnotseetheskyasthe"ceiling"ofatruehemisphere,butratherasa

flatteneddome.

B、ThesizeoftheMoonintheskydoesnotvaryanditsapparentenlargementonthe

horizonispurelyatrickoftheeye.

C、ProfessorDonMcCreadybelievesourbrainstendtomaksobjectsbiggerwhenthey

appearclosertousbasedondistancecues.

D、Themoonillusionisanopticalillusion.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题为反向选择题。选项A的内容是文中第七段首句

提出的第二种解释，因此，该选项与文义相符，故排除。选项B与文中第二段首

句相符,故排除。文中末段指出“ProfessorDonMcCready...thatourbrainstendto

makeobjectssmallerwhentheyappearclosertousbasedondistancecues"，由止匕可

知，选项C与该句意思不相符，故选项C为正确答案。选项D与文中第一段首句

相符，故排除。

10>Thepassagesuggeststhatthereis.

A^nofinalanswertotheMoonillusion

B、nofinalanswerto(hesizeoftheMoon

C、adefiniteanswertotheMoonillusion

D、nofinalanswertopeople'svisualillusion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。本文对于月亮错觉给出了几种不同的解释，但是并未明

确认定哪种解释是最终结论，故选项A为正确答案，选项C与A意思相反，故排

除。B选项中thesizeoftheMoon与本文主题不符，因为本文主要讨论为什么会使

人产生月亮变大或变小的错觉，故排除。选项D文中未提及，故排除。

(1)Whetherworkshouldbeplacedamongthecausesofhappinessoramong(hecauses

ofunhappinessmayperhapsberegardedasadoubtfulquestion.Thereiscertainlymuch

workthatisexceedinglywearyandanexcessofworkisalwaysverypainful.Ithink,

however,thatprovidedworkisnotexcessiveinamount,eventhedullestworkistomost

peoplelesspainfulthanidleness.Thereareallgradesinwork,frommerereliefoftedium

uptotheprofoundestdelights,accordingtothenatureoftheworkandtheabilitiesofthe

workers.(2)Mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodoisnotinitselfinteresting,but

evensuchworkhascertaingreatadvantages.Tobeginwith,itfillsagoodmanyhoursof

thedaywithouttheneedofdecidingwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople,whentheyareleft

freetofilltheirowntimeaccordingtotheirchoice,areatalosstothinkofanything

sufficientlypleasanttobeworthdoing.Andwhatevertheydecideon,theyarctroubled

hythefeelingthatsomethingelsewouldhavebeenpleasanter.Tobeabletofillleisure

intelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization,andatpresentveryfewpeoplehave

reachedthislevel.Moreoveriheexerciseofchoiceisinitselftiresome.Excepttopeople

withunusualinitiativeitispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhourofthe

day,providedtheordersarenotloomuchunpleasant.Mostofidlerichmensuffer

unutterableboredomasthepriceoftheirfreedomfromtoil.Attimes,theymayfindrelief

byflyingroundtheworld,butsuchsensationislimited,especiallyafteryouthispast.

Accordinglythemoreintelligentrichmenworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor,while

richwomenforthemostpartkeepthemselvesbusywithinnumerabletriflesofwhose

earthshakingimportancetheyarefirmlypersuaded.(3)Workthereforeisdesirable,first

andforemost,asapreventiveofboredom,fortheboredomthatamanfeelswhenheis

doingnecessarythoughuninterestingworkisasnothingincomparisonwiththeboredom

thathefeelswhenhehasnothingtodowithhisdays.Withthisadvantageofwork

anotherisassociated,namelythatitmakesholidaysmuchmorepreciouswhenthey

come.Providedamandocsnothavetoworksohardastoimpairhisvigor,heislikelyto

findfarmorezestinhisfreetimethananidlemancouldpossiblyfind.(4)Thesecond

advantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgiveschancesofsuccess

andopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincome,andwhile

ourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkis

concerned(hatthismeasureceasedtobethenaturalonetoapply.Thedesirethatmen

feeltoincrease(heirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasforiheextra

comfortsthatahigherincomecanacquire.Howeverdullworkmaybe,i(becomes

bearableifitismeansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyin

one'sowncircle.(541words,readability56.1)

11、Whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutwork?

A^Workisverytiresome,especiallywhentooexcessive.

B、Workisacauseofthegreatestdelightoflife.

C、Workcanatleastgiverelieffromboredom.

D、Workcankeeppeoplebusyasiftheywerepoor.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。文中首段第四句指出“Thereareallgradesinwork,from

merereliefoftediumuptotheprofoundestdelights,accordingtothenatureofthework

andtheabilitiesoftheworkers'',由此可知，作者认为即使工作不可以带来快乐，至

少它可以使人得到一种解脱，因此，选项C与文义相符，故为正确答案。该段第

二句提到了选项A中的观点，根据上下文可知，这不是传者的观点，故排除此选

项。B选项夸大了作者的本意，作者认为工作可以排解无聊感，带来成功的喜悦和

伟大的抱负，故该选项错误。根据第二段末句“Accordinglythemoreintelligentrich

menworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor…”可知，更聪明的有钱人几乎像贫穷时

一样努力工作，选项D与文义不相符，故排除。

12、Fortheauthor,whatisthelastproductofcivilization?

A^Toworklosomeextent.

B、Tobefreefromhardwork.

C、Tomakewiseuseofleisure.

D、Tokeeponeselfbusywithtrifles.

标准答案；C

知识点解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词thelastproductofcivilization定位至

文中第二段，该段第五句指出“Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproduct

ofcivilization,andatpresentveryfewpeoplehavereachedthislevel”，由此可知，选

项C符合文义，故该选项为正确答案，排除其他选项。

13、Asputbytheauthor,mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodois.

A、exceedinglydullandalwayspainful

B、dcliahtfulbutlime-consuming

C、notworthdoingandnotbearableatall

D、notinterestingbutveryrewarding

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者对工作持肯定态度。只要不是工作

量太大，不对身体造成伤害，即使工作本身很枯燥，它也能够排解无聊感，并带来

成功的喜悦和实现理想抱负，所以排除选项A和C,D选项与文义相符，故为正

确答案。文中第二段首句提到“Mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodoisnotin

itselfinteresting,butevensuchworkhascertaingreatadvantages”，由此可知，大多数

人必须做的大部分工作本身无趣，但即使这样的工作也有很大优势。选项B与文

义不符，故排除。

14、Whatisthemostimportanirewardfromwork?

A、Success.

B、Highincome.

C、Reputation.

D、Mentalsatisfaction.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。作者指出Workthereforeisdesirable,同时论述了工作

的优点reliefoftedium(排解无聊感)和giveschancesofsuccessandopportunities

forambitions(获得成功，实现抱负)，这两点都是精神方面的满足感，也是可以

从工作中获得的重要回报，选项D符合文义，故为正确答案。A和C选项不够全

面，故排除。文中第四段第二句提到“Inmoslworksuccessismeasuredbyincome,

andwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable'',由此可知，在大多数工

作中，成功是用收入来衡量的。成功属于工作所给予的精神方面满足感的一方面，

因此选项BHighincome也不全面，故排除。

(1)Latelastyear,Airbnbannouncedthatit'sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains—whichat

firstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitcher(投手)sayinghe's

going(ostrikeoutMiguelCabrera.(2)ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinking

formeinAirbnb'snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco,Ithoughttheinvestorswho

havepumped$326millionintothecompanymightnotbetoodim.Airbnbisbecoming

muchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondonwithfiveotherpeopleat

TheImperialFleapit.(3)Infact,Airbnbislookinglikeaproofpointofatrendthathas

beengettingalotofattentionlately.SomerefertoitastheD1Y—fordo-it-yourself

movement.Cheskyusesihe(erm"decentralizedproduction(分散式生产)Marc

Andreessenhitontheconceptinamanifestoentitled"WhySoftwareIsEatingthe

World?"(4)Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepowerof

large-scalemassproduction.We'reinsteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbers

ofsmallproducersofferinguniquestuff-andofconsumerswhorejectmass-produced

stuff.TheInternet,software,3Dprinting,socialnetworks,cloudcomputingandother

technologiesaremakingthiseconomicallyfeasible—infact,desirable.(5)Thehotel

industry—andthewayAirbnbthinksaboutit—isanexampleofhowthatisplayingout.

(6)Thereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedin

theInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.(7)Inthemiddleoflast

century,carsandhighwaysmadetheworldfarmoremobile.Manymorepeopletraveled

iotowns[heydidn'tknow,andtheyneededplacesiosleep.Theyhadnoway(oknow

whichhotelorboardinghousemightbeniceorofferamenitiestheywanted.Travel

guideslikeMobil's,poppedupinthe1950s,butfbrthemostpariinformationremained

scarce.(8)Chainstookadvantageofthatdatadeficit.IfyouknewaHolidayInninone

(own,youknewtheHolidayInninthenexttownwouldberoughly(hesame.Thebrand's

mottoplayedoffthis:Thebestsurpriseisnosurprise.Theuniformityandcomfortofa

chaintrumpedtheriskofanunknownindependentplace.(9)Aschainsgotbigger,they

couldaffordtowidelyadvertise—awaytospreadmoreinformationaboutthe

consistencyoftheirhotels.Independentscouldn'tkeepup.Theyhadlimitedwaystoget

informationtotravelers.Aslongasthisbiginformationgapexisted,chainsgrewand

independentsstruggled.Thegapdrovechainstoofferuniformaccommodationsat

scale—andwcgottoday'shospitalityindustry,dominatedbythelikesofHilton,Marriott

andStarwood.(10)Cheskygottothinkaboutthiswhenhislategrandfathertoldhim

Airbnbremindedhimofhischildhood,whenhisfamilywouldarrivein(ownsandstayat

boardinghouses.Cheskythought:IftheInternetwasaroundbackthen,wouldhotel

chainsasweknowthemhavebeencreated?"Andtheanswerisabsolutelynot,"Chesky

says."I'mnotsayingtherewouldn'tbehotels,buttheywouldn'tlookliketheydotoday."

(541words,readability62.7)

15、WhatistherelationshipbetweentheexampleofAirbnbandthatofLittleLeague

pitcher?

A^Analogy.

B、Comparison.

C、Supplement.

D、Contradiction.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词Airbnb和LilUeLeaguepitcher定位

至文中首段“Airbnbannouncedthatit'sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains——whichat

firstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitchersayinghe'sgoingto

strikeoutMiguelCabrera”，由此可知，爱彼迎宣布开始追赶大威连锁酒店的脚步一

-乍一听感觉很有意思、，这就好像一位早熟的少年棒球联合会投手宣称要将米格

尔.卡布瑞拉三振出局一样。由此看出，两个例子之间的关系是“类比”，故选项A

为正确选项，排除其他选项。

16、Accordingtothepassage,Cheskybelievesthat.

A、hotelchainswillnolongerexistinthenearfuture

B、therewouldbenohotelsifInternetwasaroundthen

C、hotelchainswouldbedifferentifInternetexistedthen

D、(hedevelopmentofhotelindustryisnotcertain

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。文中末段倒数第二句指出，切斯基认为“IftheInternet

wasaroundbackthen,wouldhotelchainsasweknowthemhavebeencreated?'Andthe

answerisabsolutelynot,,,»由此可推断出，切斯基认为如果那时就有网络，我们所

熟知的连锁酒店就不会出现，酒店行业的面貌也不会是如今这样。因此，C选项为

正确答案，排除选项B。A选项在文中未提及，故排除。由文中最后一段末句可

知，切斯基认为如果那时有网络的话，酒店业的发展可能和现在不一样，选项

D“切斯基认为酒店业的发展不太确定”缺少切斯基说这句话的前提条件，因此，该

选项与文义不符，故排除。

17、Theword"eroding"inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto.

A、transmitting

B、destroying

C、assisting

D^promoting

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义猜测题。由题T定位至文中第四段，该段第二句指出“We，re

insteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbersofsmallproducersofferingunique

stuff—andofconsumerswhorejectmass-producedsluff',由此可知，我们正在走向

一个由大量提供独特产品的小生产商和拒绝大量生产产品的消费者组成的世界。上

文“Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-

scalemassproduction”所指信息技术使大规模生产的力量成为不可能，它破坏、侵

蚀了这种力量，结合上下文，eroding的意思与destroying最接近，故选项B为正

确答案，排除其他选项。

(1)Somebelievethatintheageofidentikit(容貌拼图)computergames,mass

entertainmentandconformityonthesupermarketshelves,tru'yinspiredthinkinghas

goneoutofthewindow.B