陕西省榆林市2026届高三下学期全国高考冲刺压轴卷(一) 英语试卷（解析版）（一）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省榆林市2026届高三下学期全国高考冲刺压轴卷(一)英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASDGAcademyX:AchievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)AboutthefreecourseIntermediate(中级的)SomepriorexperiencerequiredSelf-pacedProgressatyourownspeedDuration1week,2-4hoursLanguageEnglishEarnacertificate(extrafee)AdvanceyourcareerWhatyou’lllearnPart1Inthispart,wewalkthroughthehistoryofsustainabledevelopment.Part2ThenextstepistocreateSustainableDevelopmentPlansatthecountrylevel.ThesestrategiesareessentiallybackcastingexercisesthatusetheSDGsasanendpointfromwhichtoplanbackwardstothecurrentdayandthatcarefullycontextualizetheSDGsforthecountryinquestion.Part3TheachievementoftheSDGsdependsheavilyontheapplicationofinnovativeandmodernthinkingandtechnologies.Thisisparticularlycriticalforchallengessuchasthedecarbonizationoftheeconomytoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.Part4GlobalcooperationiscriticaltoachievetheSDGs.Inparticular,citieshaveacriticalroleinpioneeringSustainableDevelopmentplanningincollectivelycontributingtotheambitionofsustainabledevelopment.Part5TheSDGsarenotanagendaforpolicymakersalone.Theworld’seconomicactivity,knowledgegeneration,andinvestmentaremostlydrivenbyanefficientprivatesector(部门).Andwhileyoucannothaveastrongprivatesectorwithoutaneffectiveandstructuredpublicsector,businessesmustmakecontributionstosustainabledevelopment.Part6Universitiesaroundtheworld,whichserveascentersofinnovation,arefundamentaltotheSustainableDevelopmentAgendaandshareacoreresponsibilityinadvancingtheagendaintheirrespectivecountries.Interestedinthiscourseforyourbusinessorteam?Ifso,signupbyclickinghere.1.Whatisarequirementforgettingacertificateforthecourse?A.Payingsomemoney. B.Studyingforoverfivehours.C.BecominganEnglishteacher. D.Havingrichworkingexperience.2.WhatdoesPart5focuson?A.Thehistoryofsustainabledevelopment.B.Businesses’roleinsustainabledevelopment.C.HowpolicymakersplanagendasfortheSDGs.D.Howinternationaluniversitiesboostinnovation.3.Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A.Alabreport. B.Anewspaper. C.Awebsite. D.Aschoolnoticeboard.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了SDGAcademyX的可持续发展目标课程，包括其级别、时长、语言、学习内容及各部分重点。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据表格最后一行“Earnacertificate(extrafee)(获得证书（额外收费）)”可知，获得课程证书的要求是支付一些费用。故选A。【2题详析】主旨大意题。根据Part5部分“TheSDGsarenotanagendaforpolicymakersalone.Theworld’seconomicactivity,knowledgegeneration,andinvestmentaremostlydrivenbyanefficientprivatesector(部门).Andwhileyoucannothaveastrongprivatesectorwithoutaneffectiveandstructuredpublicsector,businessesmustmakecontributionstosustainabledevelopment.(可持续发展目标不仅仅是政策制定者的议程。世界的经济活动、知识创造和投资大多是由高效的私营部门推动的。虽然如果没有一个有效和结构化的公共部门，就不可能有一个强大的私营部门，但企业必须为可持续发展做出贡献。)”可知，第五部分主要讲的是企业在可持续发展中的作用。故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestedinthiscourseforyourbusinessorteam?Ifso,signupbyclickinghere.(对你的企业或团队对这个课程感兴趣吗？如果是的话，请点击这里注册。)”可推知，这篇文章最有可能来自一个网站。故选C。BInhisstudio,SamWinstonisexperimentingwithinksoutoftobaccofromMarlborocigarettes,thejuiceofBelarusianchokeberriesandastrangehybridofeyeliner.ThecoloredsubstancesareusedtocreatewordsongiantflagsthatwillsoonhangfromtheceilingofLondon’sBarbicanCentreduringVoiced,Britain’sfirstartsfestivalcelebratingminorityandendangeredlanguages—connectingfivepoets’nativelanguageswithmaterialsfromtheirnativelandscapes.Quebec-bornwriterNormaDunning’sflagwillbearthewordC’sb,or“veins”inCanadiansyllabics(音节),madeoutofwildblueberriesfromherhometown.Winstonhasbeenplayingwithlanguageinhisartformanyyears,includingusingEgyptianhieroglyphs(象形文字)inhispicturebookOneandEverything.Winstonacknowledgesthesenseofurgencyandloss—everytwoweeks,anotherlanguagefallssilentandbytheendofthiscentury,halfoftheworld’s7,000languagesareexpectedtobecomeextinct.WinstongrewupinDevon,WalesandYorkshireasadyslexic(有阅读障碍的)boy.“Myexperienceofnotbeingabletocommunicatewhat’simportanttome,eveninEnglish,mademesympathetictoasituationwhereHawad,oneofthefivepoets,aTamajaght-speakingartistfromtheAirregionofNiger,cannotsharehislanguageandhiscultureinawaythatissupportedbyanyonebeyondthissmallcommunity.Thatmademerealizethatit’sreallyimportanttocreatespacesandsaythesevoicesmatter.”Somestillfavortheprospectofasingleuniversallanguage.NotWinston.“Ifweonlyhaveonepaintbrushtopaintwith,andonlyonecolortopaintin,that,fromanartisticperspective,isadisaster,”Winstonsays.“Languageisanexpressionofbeinghuman,andthat’satthecoreofthefestival.Youcanturnupandlearnaboutalotofdiversecultures.”4.WhyisWinstonexperimentingwithinks?A.Topromoteproducefromhishometown.B.Tolearnfivefamouspoets’nativelanguages.C.TowritehispicturebookOneandEverything.D.Toprepareforalanguage-themedartsfestival.5.Whatisstressedinparagraph3?A.Languagecrises. B.Languageaccessibility.C.Causesoflanguagebarriers. D.Popularlanguagetypes.6.WhatenabledWinstontounderstandHawad’ssituation?A.HisexcellenceinEnglish. B.Hischildhoodexperience.C.Hiscapabilitytowritepoems. D.HismemoryoflivinginNiger.7.WhichstatementdoesWinstonagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Artistsshouldsticktotraditionaltools. B.Asingleuniversallanguageisnecessary.C.Humanlanguageshouldfeaturediversity. D.Artworksaremoreexpressivethanlanguage.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍SamWinston为语言主题艺术节创作作品，通过艺术形式关注少数民族和濒危语言，表达对语言多样性的重视。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThecoloredsubstancesareusedtocreatewordsongiantflagsthatwillsoonhangfromtheceilingofLondon’sBarbicanCentreduringVoiced,Britain’sfirstartsfestivalcelebratingminorityandendangeredlanguages—connectingfivepoets’nativelanguageswithmaterialsfromtheirnativelandscapes.(这些有色物质将被用来在巨大的旗帜上创作文字，这些旗帜很快将在伦敦巴比肯中心的天花板上悬挂，届时将举办英国首个庆祝少数民族和濒危语言的艺术节——将五位诗人的母语与他们家乡的材料联系起来)”可知，Winston实验墨水是为了为一个语言主题的艺术节做准备。故选D项。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Winstonacknowledgesthesenseofurgencyandloss—everytwoweeks,anotherlanguagefallssilentandbytheendofthiscentury,halfoftheworld’s7,000languagesareexpectedtobecomeextinct.(Winston承认这种紧迫感和失落感——每两周就有一种语言消失，到本世纪末，世界上7000种语言中预计有一半会灭绝)”可知，第三段重点强调了语言危机。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“WinstongrewupinDevon,WalesandYorkshireasadyslexic(有阅读障碍的)boy.“Myexperienceofnotbeingabletocommunicatewhat’simportanttome,eveninEnglish,mademesympathetictoasituationwhereHawad,oneofthefivepoets,aTamajaght-speakingartistfromtheAirregionofNiger,cannotsharehislanguageandhiscultureinawaythatissupportedbyanyonebeyondthissmallcommunity.Thatmademerealizethatit’sreallyimportanttocreatespacesandsaythesevoicesmatter.”(温斯顿在德文郡、威尔士和约克郡长大，是一个有阅读障碍的男孩。‘我甚至用英语都无法表达对我来说重要的事情，这种经历让我对五位诗人之一、来自尼日尔艾尔地区的讲塔马贾特语的艺术家Hawad的处境产生了同情，他无法以一种得到这个小社区之外任何人支持的方式分享他的语言和文化.这让我意识到，创造空间，说出这些声音很重要，这真的很重要。’)”可知，Winston的童年经历（有阅读障碍，无法顺利表达自己）让他理解了Hawad的处境。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Somestillfavortheprospectofasingleuniversallanguage.NotWinston.

Ifweonlyhaveonepaintbrushtopaintwith,andonlyonecolortopaintin,that,fromanartisticperspective,isadisaster,”Winstonsays.“Languageisanexpressionofbeinghuman,andthat’satthecoreofthefestival.Youcanturnupandlearnaboutalotofdiversecultures.(有些人仍然看好单一通用语言的前景。但温斯顿不这么认为。‘如果我们只有一支画笔，只有一种颜色可以绘画，从艺术的角度来说，这是一场灾难。’Winston说：‘语言是人类存在的一种表达，这也是这个节日的核心。你可以来这里了解很多不同的文化。’)”可知，Winston认为人类语言应该具有多样性。故选C项。COneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesthroughouttheworldistheever-growinglandfills,butthecityofPetalumainCaliforniahasdoneitspart.Insteadofbanningdisposable(一次性的)drinkcups,thecityprovidedreusablecupstothebusinessestogivetothecustomersandthecustomerswouldputtheirusedcupsinspecialbinsthatarespreadthroughoutthecity.Thecupswouldbecollectedfromthebins,washed,andgivenbacktothebusinessesagain.Americansthrowout16billionpapercupsand25billionStyrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)cupsperyear.Consideringthat6.5milliontreesarecutjustforpapercupsannually,andthatplastictakesabout500yearstobreakdown,findingaviablealternativetodisposablecupscanmakeasignificantdifferenceinenvironmentalimpact.Accordingtotheresearchers’report,morethan80%ofPetaluma’sresidentswereawareofthecupprojectandknewwhattodo.Infact,morethan51%ofthecupswerereturnedandnotthrownintothetrash.Theprojectwaswelcomedbycitizensastheydidn’tneedtosignupforitorpayanydeposit(押金),andweren’tpunishedfornon-participation.Thisispromisingconsideringthatotherenvironmentalmeasuresinothercities,suchaspublicbike-sharingprograms,areoftenabusedorsubjecttotheftattaxpayerexpense.Itwouldbeeasytostorecupsortojustthrowthemoutwiththerestoftheirtrash.Itisalsobeneficialforlocalrestaurants,cafes,andicecreamshopstoparticipateastheywouldpurchasefewerdisposablecups,significantlyreducingcosts.Whiletheexperimentisover,theresultsaresopositivethatthecityandtheirpartnersintendonlaunchingapermanentcampaignwithenthusiasticsupportfrommostofthelocalbusinesses.Thissituationshowsthattherearesolutionsthatcanimprovethelivesofthecommunity,theconsumers,andeventhebusinessesshouldfolkscometogethertothinkandapproachnewideaswithcuriosity,enthusiasm,andtrust.8.HowdidPetalumatrytoreducelandfills?A.Bychargingconsumersforusingcups. B.Bylimitingtheexpansionofbusinesses.C.Byencouragingtheuseofreusablecups. D.Byissuingabanondisposablecups.9.Whatdoesthedatainparagraph2mainlyshow?A.Moretreesshouldbeplantedinthefuture.B.Americanspreferpapercupstoplasticones.C.Disposablecupsdoharmtotheenvironment.D.Ittakesalongtimeforpapercupstobreakdown.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Jointeffortstocarryouttheproject. B.Whytheprojectwaswidelysupported.C.Howtheprojectbenefitedlocalresidents. D.Financialchallengesbroughtbytheproject.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsPetaluma’sproject?A.Positive. B.Cautious. C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了佩塔卢马市通过推广可重复使用杯子减少垃圾填埋，该项目获广泛支持且成效积极。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Insteadofbanningdisposable(一次性的)drinkcups,thecityprovidedreusablecupstothebusinessestogivetothecustomersandthecustomerswouldputtheirusedcupsinspecialbinsthatarespreadthroughoutthecity.(该市没有禁止使用一次性饮料杯，而是向企业提供可重复使用的杯子，让企业提供给顾客，顾客将用过的杯子放入遍布全市的特殊垃圾桶中。)”可知，佩塔卢马通过鼓励使用可重复使用的杯子来减少垃圾填埋。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Americansthrowout16billionpapercupsand25billionStyrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料)cupsperyear.Consideringthat6.5milliontreesarecutjustforpapercupsannually,andthatplastictakesabout500yearstobreakdown,findingaviablealternativetodisposablecupscanmakeasignificantdifferenceinenvironmentalimpact.(美国人每年扔掉160亿个纸杯和250亿个聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料杯。考虑到每年仅为了纸杯就要砍伐650万棵树，而塑料需要大约500年才能分解，因此找到一次性杯子的可行替代品可以对环境影响产生重大影响。)”可知，第二段中的数据主要表明一次性杯子对环境有害。故选C。【10题详析】主旨大意题。通读第四段，尤其是根据第四段中“Theprojectwaswelcomedbycitizensastheydidn’tneedtosignupforitorpayanydeposit(押金),andweren’tpunishedfornon-participation.(该项目受到了市民的欢迎，因为他们不需要报名或支付任何押金，也不会因为不参与而受到惩罚。)”可知，本段主要介绍了该项目得到了广泛支持的原因。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whiletheexperimentisover,theresultsaresopositivethatthecityandtheirpartnersintendonlaunchingapermanentcampaignwithenthusiasticsupportfrommostofthelocalbusinesses.(虽然实验已经结束，但结果非常积极，该市及其合作伙伴打算在大多数当地企业的热情支持下发起一项永久性活动。)”可知，作者对佩塔卢马的项目持积极态度。故选A。DTechnologyhasreshapedourworldinwaysunimaginablejustafewdecadesago.Wehaveseenamazingbreakthroughsinareaslikemedicine,communication,andartificialintelligence(AI).Butthispowerhascomewithitsownsetofrisksandmoralchallenges.Oneofthemostpressingethical(伦理上的)concernsinthemodernageistheriseofAI,whichhaspermeated(渗透)almosteveryindustry,fromhealthcaretofinance,toself-drivingcars.Itpromisestorevolutionizetheworldinwaysthatcouldbenefithumanity—fromcuringdiseasestosolvingcomplexglobalproblems.Butalongsidethesepossibilities,AIalsobringssignificantrisks,manyofwhichhaveethicalimplications.OneprimaryconcernwithAIisthequestionofdecision-making.AsAIsystemsbecomemoreadvanced,theyareincreasinglyentrustedwithmakingdecisionsthatimpacthumanlives.Forexample,AIisusedinautonomousvehicles,whichareexpectedtomakesplit-seconddecisionsinemergencysituations.Ifanaccidentisunavoidable,shouldtheAIprioritizethesafetyofitspassengers,pedestrians(行人),orthegreatergood?Thesearequestionswithnoeasyanswers,astheyraiseissuesofmorality,accountability,andfairness.Besides,thereareconcernsaboutAI’spotentialtoreplacehumanlabor.AutomationpoweredbyAIcouldleadtomassunemploymentanddeepensocietalinequalities.Whileautomationpromisestomakeprocessesmoreefficientandreducecosts,itraisesanethicalquestionofwhetheritisjusttoallowmachinestoreplacehumanworkers,particularlyinindustrieswherejobsarealreadynotenough.ThemostchillingethicalissuesurroundingAIisthepossibilityofcreatingsystemsthatcanactwithcompleteautonomy,withouthumanintervention.Somearguethatthiscouldleadtothecreationof“superintelligent”AIthatcouldsurpasshumanintelligence,potentiallyposinganexistentialthreattohumanity.Whiletechnologicaladvancementisessentialforprogress,itmustnotcomeattheexpenseofhumanvaluesandethicalprinciples.Governments,corporations,andindividualsallhaverolestoplayinensuringthattechnologyisdevelopedandemployedinanethicalmanner.12.HowdoestheauthorshowtheconcernwithAIinparagraph3?A.Bylistinganexample. B.ByquotingAIexperts.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byreferringtohistoricaldata.13.WhyisAI-poweredautomationworrying?A.Itmakesprocessescomplex. B.Itmaythreatenpeople’sjobs.C.Itblocksindustries’innovation. D.Itcreatesalesscompetitivesociety.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chilling”meaninparagraph5?A.Amusing. B.Simplified. C.Unknown. D.Frightening.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbyAI.B.ToshowhowAIaffectsourdailylifeinapositiveway.C.Toremindustoslowdownthedevelopmentoftechnology.D.Towarnusofmoralconcernswithtechnologicaladvancement.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能发展带来的伦理问题，包括决策、就业威胁及自主系统对人类的潜在威胁。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“OneprimaryconcernwithAIisthequestionofdecision-making.AsAIsystemsbecomemoreadvanced,theyareincreasinglyentrustedwithmakingdecisionsthatimpacthumanlives.Forexample,AIisusedinautonomousvehicles,whichareexpectedtomakesplit-seconddecisionsinemergencysituations.Ifanaccidentisunavoidable,shouldtheAIprioritizethesafetyofitspassengers,pedestrians(行人),orthegreatergood?Thesearequestionswithnoeasyanswers,astheyraiseissuesofmorality,accountability,andfairness.(首要争议，在于人工智能的决策权限。随着系统愈发先进，越来越多关乎人命的抉择被交由AI处理。比如自动驾驶车辆，需要在紧急瞬间做出判断。倘若事故无可避免，AI该优先保护车内乘客、路边行人，还是追求整体利益最大化？这类问题没有标准答案，牵扯道德取舍、责任界定与公平原则。)”可知，作者通过举例说明了对人工智能的担忧。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Besides,thereareconcernsaboutAI’spotentialtoreplacehumanlabor.AutomationpoweredbyAIcouldleadtomassunemploymentanddeepensocietalinequalities.(此外，人们还担心人工智能有取代人类劳动力的潜力。由人工智能驱动的自动化可能导致大规模失业，加剧社会不平等。)”可知，人工智能驱动的自动化令人担忧是因为它可能威胁到人们的工作。故选B。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“ThemostchillingethicalissuesurroundingAIisthepossibilityofcreatingsystemsthatcanactwithcompleteautonomy,withouthumanintervention.Somearguethatthiscouldleadtothecreationof“superintelligent”AIthatcouldsurpasshumanintelligence,potentiallyposinganexistentialthreattohumanity.(最chilling的伦理隐患，是未来或将出现完全自主运作、无需人类干预的智能系统。有人认为，这可能催生超越人类智慧的“超级人工智能”，甚至给整个人类带来生存威胁。)”可知，人工智能最令人担忧的伦理问题是创造出完全自主、无需人类干预的系统，这可能会对人类构成生存威胁，因此chilling意为“令人恐惧的”。故选D。【15题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Whiletechnologicaladvancementisessentialforprogress,itmustnotcomeattheexpenseofhumanvaluesandethicalprinciples.(虽然技术进步对发展至关重要，但它不能以牺牲人类价值观和伦理原则为代价。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是警告我们技术进步带来的道德问题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FrankWilliamsJr.andJimIsenberglaunchedavolunteerorganizationthatconnectselderlypeoplewithchildreninneedofmentorship(指导).Williamssaystheorganizationhasbenefitedthechildrenalot.____16____.A2025studypublishedinthejournalSocialScience&Medicinefoundthatgivingbackasvolunteerscanbringmanybenefitstoelderlypeople.Itreducestheirstresslevels.RichardLeider,authorofthreebestsellerscenteredonfindingpurpose,saysmanyindividuals—particularlytheelderly—sufferstressbecausethey’reafraidtheirlifehasnothadenoughmeaning.“Whenpeoplefeellikethey’regrowingandgivingforlife,itreducesthatanxiety,”saysLeider.“____17____.”Itenablesthemtosleepbetter.Poorqualityofsleepcangenerateoracceleratecognitive(认知的)decline.Togetgoodsleep,elderlypeopleneedtooptimizetheirroutinesduringtheday.____18____.Fortunately,regularvolunteeringcanaddroutinestotheirday,whichcanhelpthemgetbettersleep.Ithelpstoslowtheagingclock.____19____,butthephenomenonoffeelingyoungerfromdoinggooddeedsisreal.Researchsuggestedthatamoderate(适度的)amountofvolunteerworkmaybeenoughtoslowtheagingprocessatthebiologicallevel,allowingformoreyearsoflivingahealthierandmoreactivelifestyle.____20____.Volunteeringprovidesopportunitiestolearnskillsthatcanbeusedinmanyways.AlexiaSavage,UnitedWay’sseniorvicepresidentofU.S.networkengagement,saysherorganizationandotherstrainvolunteerstoperformvarioushelpfultasks.Leidersayslearningisfundamentaltoagingwell.“Curiosityiswhatreallyfuelspurpose,”hesays.“Ifyou’renotcuriousaboutyourselfandabouttheworld,you’renotgrowingandyou’renotagingwell.”A.ItisalearningexperienceB.ItislikelytounlocktheirimaginationC.Volunteeringcan’tstoptheagingprocessD.Actually,it’sequallyrewardingforthevolunteersE.MatteringmattersandvolunteeringhelpsthemmatterF.VolunteeringencourageselderlypeopletomaximizetheirfreetimeG.However,theynolongerneedtowakeupforworkordrivekidstoschool【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.C20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了志愿活动对老年人的益处，包括减轻压力、改善睡眠、延缓衰老以及提供学习机会。【16题详析】由上文“FrankWilliamsJr.andJimIsenberglaunchedavolunteerorganizationthatconnectselderlypeoplewithchildreninneedofmentorship(指导).Williamssaystheorganizationhasbenefitedthechildrenalot.(小弗兰克・威廉姆斯与吉姆・艾森伯格创办了一家公益志愿机构，专门对接老年人与需要帮扶指导的青少年。威廉姆斯表示，该机构让孩子们受益匪浅。)”及下文“A2025studypublishedinthejournalSocialScience&Medicinefoundthatgivingbackasvolunteerscanbringmanybenefitstoelderlypeople.(2025年发表在《社会科学与医学》杂志上的一项研究发现，作为志愿者回馈社会可以给老年人带来很多好处。)”可知，上文说明了该组织对孩子们的益处，下文引出志愿者活动对老年人的益处，本空应说明志愿者活动对老年人同样有益。D选项“Actually,it’sequallyrewardingforthevolunteers(事实上，这对志愿者来说同样有益)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。【17题详析】由上文“RichardLeider,authorofthreebestsellerscenteredonfindingpurpose,saysmanyindividuals—particularlytheelderly—sufferstressbecausethey’reafraidtheirlifehasnothadenoughmeaning.“Whenpeoplefeellikethey’regrowingandgivingforlife,itreducesthatanxiety,”saysLeider.(理查德・莱德著有三本以探寻人生意义为主题的畅销书。他指出，许多人——尤其是老年人——会倍感焦虑，只因担心自己的人生缺乏价值。莱德说道：“当一个人始终在成长、一生都在付出，这份焦虑便会随之消散。”)”可知，上文说明了老年人感到压力的原因，本空应说明志愿者活动让老年人感到自己有意义。E选项“Matteringmattersandvolunteeringhelpsthemmatter(重要的是有意义，而志愿服务能帮助他们变得有意义)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【18题详析】由上文“Poorqualityofsleepcangenerateoracceleratecognitive(认知的)decline.Togetgoodsleep,elderlypeopleneedtooptimizetheirroutinesduringtheday.(睡眠质量差会导致或加速认知能力下降。为了获得良好的睡眠，老年人需要优化他们白天的日常活动。)”及下文“Fortunately,regularvolunteeringcanaddroutinestotheirday,whichcanhelpthemgetbettersleep.(幸运的是，定期的志愿活动可以为他们的日常生活增添规律，这有助于他们获得更好的睡眠。)”可知，上文说明了老年人需要优化日常活动以获得良好睡眠，下文引出志愿者活动可以增添规律，本空应说明老年人日常活动减少的原因。G选项“However,theynolongerneedtowakeupforworkordrivekidstoschool(然而，他们不再需要早起上班或开车送孩子上学)”解释老人作息松散的原因，能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。【19题详析】由下文“butthephenomenonoffeelingyoungerfromdoinggooddeedsisreal.Researchsuggestedthatamoderate(适度的)amountofvolunteerworkmaybeenoughtoslowtheagingprocessatthebiologicallevel,allowingformoreyearsoflivingahealthierandmoreactivelifestyle.(但是，做好事让人感觉更年轻的现象是真实存在的。研究表明，适度的志愿工作可能足以在生物层面上减缓衰老过程，让人们有更多年的时间过上更健康、更积极的生活方式。)”可知，下文说明了做好事可以减缓衰老，but表示转折，本空应说明志愿者活动不能阻止衰老。C选项“Volunteeringcan’tstoptheagingprocess(志愿服务不能阻止衰老过程)”与后文转折呼应，符合语境。故选C。【20题详析】由下文“Volunteeringprovidesopportunitiestolearnskillsthatcanbeusedinmanyways.AlexiaSavage,UnitedWay’sseniorvicepresidentofU.S.networkengagement,saysherorganizationandotherstrainvolunteerstoperformvarioushelpfultasks.Leidersayslearningisfundamentaltoagingwell.“Curiosityiswhatreallyfuelspurpose,”hesays.“Ifyou’renotcuriousaboutyourselfandabouttheworld,you’renotgrowingandyou’renotagingwell.”(志愿服务提供了学习技能的机会，这些技能可以在很多方面发挥作用。联合之路美国网络参与高级副总裁亚历克西娅·萨维奇表示，她的组织和其他组织培训志愿者执行各种有益的任务。莱德说，学习是健康衰老的基础。“好奇心才是真正激发目标的动力，”他说。“如果你对自己和世界不好奇，你就不会成长，也不会健康衰老。”)”可知，下文说明了志愿服务提供了学习技能的机会，本空应说明志愿服务是一种学习经历。A选项“Itisalearningexperience(这是一种学习经历)”总起本段内容，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inaworldthatoftenfeelsdigitallydistant,theGrandmaStandisadelightfulreminderofsomethingtimeless:Everyoneneedstobeheardandthere’scomfortingpoweringenuinehuman____21____.Thisfeel-goodexperienceinviteseveryonetostopbyandsharea____22____withagrandma.GrandmaNancysaid,“Grandmasare____23____—welovepeopleasarule.”Herwords____24____exactlywhatmakesthisstandspecial:awelcomingspacewherepeopleofallagescanbe____25____andlaugh.Theconceptbeganin2012inNewYorkCity,____26____MikeMatthews.Afterseeinghowaheartfeltchatwithhis95-year-oldgrandmotherEileenliftedafriend’s____27____,heknewtherewassomethingpowerfulingrandmotherly____28____.Whatstartedwithalemonade-stand-stylebooth(小亭子)becamea____29____Saturdayritual(仪式)ofopen-hearteddialogueonstreetcornersacrossthecity.EvenafterEileenpassedawayattheremarkableageof102,Matthewsfelttheworldstill____30____thegentlelisteningears.Therefore,herestoredtheStandwithabrightpurplebooth(Eileen’sfavoritecolor)andagroupofgrandmas____31____toofferempathy,encouragement,and____32____insight.InotherplaceslikeMcKinney,Texas,similarstandshavealsobecomealocal____33____,drawingneighborstoDowntownSquareandcommunitymarketsforfreeandhearteningconversations.Peopleare____34____tohearoneanotherandremindedthatempathyiswhatweallcan____35____.21.A.conflict B.potential C.error D.connection22.A.debate B.contest C.conversation D.lecture23.A.absent-minded B.ambitious C.strict D.non-judgmental24.A.replace B.contradict C.capture D.change25.A.listenedto B.comparedto C.wakenup D.turneddown26.A.apartfrom B.thanksto C.exceptfor D.regardlessof27.A.spirits B.awards C.standards D.restrictions28.A.assessments B.presence C.collaboration D.experiments29.A.sudden B.meaningless C.controversial D.regular30.A.doubted B.monitored C.needed D.treated31.A.ready B.hesitant C.afraid D.shocked32.A.complex B.random C.strange D.wise33.A.adventure B.test C.highlight D.challenge34.A.forced B.inspired C.ordered D.begged35.A.offer B.lose C.illustrate D.remove【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.C25.A26.B27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“奶奶摊”传递温暖与关爱的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个常常感觉数字化疏离的世界里，“奶奶摊”是一个令人愉快的提醒，提醒着人们一种永恒的东西：每个人都需要被倾听，而真诚的人际联系有着令人安慰的力量。A.conflict冲突；B.potential潜力；C.error错误；D.connection联系。根据上文“Everyoneneedstobeheard”可知，前文强调人们需要被倾听，此处指真诚的人际联系有着令人安慰的力量，故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种让人感觉良好的体验邀请每个人停下来和一位奶奶聊聊天。A.debate辩论；B.contest比赛；C.conversation对话；D.lecture讲座。根据上文“sharea”和“withagrandma”以及后文提到的“chat”可知，此处指和奶奶聊天，即进行对话，故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奶奶南希说：“奶奶们不会妄加评判——我们通常都爱人们。”A.absent-minded心不在焉的；B.ambitious有野心的；C.strict严格的；D.non-judgemental不妄加评判的。根据后文“welovepeopleasarule”可知，后文点明奶奶纯粹爱人、包容倾听，符合不随意评价他人的特质，故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话准确地抓住了这个摊位的特别之处：一个欢迎的空间，在这里各个年龄段的人都能被倾听和欢笑。A.replace代替；B.contradict反驳；C.capture抓住；D.change改变。根据后文“exactlywhatmakesthisstandspecial”可知，此处指她的话精准概括出这个摊位的特别之处，故选C。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.listenedto倾听；B.comparedto与……相比；C.wakenup唤醒；D.turneddown拒绝。根据上文“Everyoneneedstobeheard”可知，与前文呼应，此处指各个年龄段的人都能被倾听，故选A。【26题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个概念始于2012年的纽约市，多亏了迈克·马修斯。A.apartfrom除了；B.thanksto多亏；C.exceptfor除了；D.regardlessof不管。根据上文“Theconceptbeganin2012inNewYorkCity”和下文“MikeMatthews”可知，此处指多亏了迈克·马修斯，点明创意的发起人与源头，这个概念应归功于此人，故选B。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在看到与他95岁的祖母艾琳的真诚聊天如何振奋了一位朋友的精神后，他知道祖母的存在有着强大的力量。A.spirits精神；B.awards奖项；C.standards标准；D.restrictions限制。根据上文“aheartfeltchatwithhis95-year-oldgrandmotherEileenliftedafriend’s”可知，此处指真诚聊天振奋了一位朋友的精神，liftone’sspirits为固定短语，意为“振奋某人的精神”，故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.assessments评估；B.presence存在；C.collaboration合作；D.experiments实验。根据上文“Afterseeinghowaheartfeltchatwithhis95-year-oldgrandmotherEileenliftedafriend’s”可知，此处指祖母用心倾听的温暖存在，故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从一开始的柠檬水摊式的小亭子，变成了全市街角每周六定期进行的坦诚对话仪式。A.sudden突然的；B.meaningless无意义的；C.controversial有争议的；D.regular定期的。根据上文“Saturdayritual(仪式)ofopen-hearteddialogueonstreetcornersacrossthecity”可知，每周六进行的坦诚对话仪式，说明是定期开展的活动，故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在艾琳以102岁的高龄去世后，马修斯仍然觉得世界需要温柔的倾听者。A.doubted怀疑；B.monitored监视；C.needed需要；D.treated对待。根据下文“thegentlelisteningears”和“herestoredtheStand”可知，后文重建摊位延续善意，说明世人仍需要这份倾听与温暖，故选C。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他重建了这个摊位，用艾琳最喜欢的颜色——亮紫色，并找了一群愿意提供同情、鼓励和明智见解的奶奶们。A.ready愿意的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.afraid害怕的；D.shocked震惊的。根据下文“toofferempathy,encouragement”可知，此处指一群愿意提供同情、鼓