考研英语一2018年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

·2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)isatrickyOntheonehand,a1manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.4,whydowetrustatall?becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstinctthatpromptsto7one8usina9:aoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.forus,wealsohaveasixthsenseforthatmay12us.Astudyfoundthatasyoungas14can13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,inhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty–andrealizedthetesterhad17them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-up[A]on[A]faith[B]like[B]concern[C]for[C]attention[D]from[D]interest3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]remembered17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19.[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations–trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering–havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums–fromgrammarschooltocollege–shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.schoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven’tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?Leadingpoliticians.Low-wagelaborers.Robotowners.Middle-classworkers.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheauthor’sview?aboutautomationareinfactgroundless.Optimists’opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasisoncreativepotential.job-huntingskills.individualerativespirit.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedatencouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwithopposingviewsonit.possiblesolutionstoit.itsalarmingimpacts.itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentuseofTheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersources,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.peoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives–especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.AccordingtoParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtsonthejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews.Thephrase“beefup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtosharpen.define.boast.share.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeopletendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.verifynewsbyreferringtodiversesources.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemisreaders’outdatedvalues.journalists’biasedreporting.readers’misinterpretation.journalists’made-upstories.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain’sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients’rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements–andtheremaybemany–betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed”it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.ThispracticedoesnotaddresstherealItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdrugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmahasdone.arestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequencesAlongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Msreportisawelcomestart.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatients’rights.Itfellshortofthelatter’sexpectations.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.TheNHStrustrespondedtoverdictwithemptypromises.toughresistance.necessaryadjustments.sincereapologies.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2thatprivacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.leakingpatients’dataisworsethansellingit.makingprofitsfrompatients’dataisillegal.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealistheviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacytheuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareisambiguous.cautious.appreciative.contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanyreasonsthisformerlystablefederalinstitutionfindsitselfatthebrinkofbankruptcy.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewreality.Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer–Congress–insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved–Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandtheheaviestusers–hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunions.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.nochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentofthecosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperButpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlybyitsunbalancedbudget.itsrigidmanagement.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfduetotheinterferencefrominterestgroups.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.theincompetenceofpostalunions.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedbyremovingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswithrespect.tolerance.discontent.gratitude.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays.ThePostalService:KeepfromMyCheese.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure.ThePostalServiceNeedsMoreThanaBand-Aid.PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheandNavyDepartments.thehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.Completedin1875,theStateDepartment’ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary’sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.TheState,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingtheforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury–theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation’smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.Manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithinthegranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardDwightD.Eisenhower,B.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheAlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefireEightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.45.44.F43.42.C41.→ → → → → →45.44.F43.42.C41.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.(46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,school,organizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsoldthefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolsorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul’sandtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimethatShakespearewastwenty-five,Peele,andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage–wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.SectionⅢWritingPartADirections:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremailyoushouldincludetime,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,interpretthemeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.（20points）选课进行时2018年英语一真题答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【C】【解析】考查介词。anecessaryconditionformanyworthwhilethings意为“许多有价值之事的必要条件”，for引出条件所指向的对象。on、like、from均不能与condition构成这一搭配。2.答案【A】【解析】考查名词。putyourfaithinthewrongplace意为“把信任给错了人”，faith与全文主题词trust同义复现。concern、attention、interest都不能与inthewrongplace搭配表示“托付信任”。3.答案【D】【解析】考查名词。carriesahighprice意为“代价高昂”，与首句“信任是把双刃剑”对应。benefit“益处”、debt“债务”、hope“希望”都不能表达“付出代价”之意。4.答案【B】【解析】考查逻辑衔接。上文说“把信任放错地方往往代价高昂”，此处以Then（那么）承接，转出反问whydowetrustatall。Therefore表因果，而上文并非下文之因；Instead表替换，Again表重复，均不合。5.答案【D】【解析】考查连词。Whenpeopleplacetheirtrust…意为“当人们信任某人或某机构时”，引导时间状语从句。Until、Unless、Although均与“信任即产生愉悦”这一规律性描述不符。6.答案【B】【解析】考查动词。ahormonethatproducespleasurablefeelings指催产素“产生”愉悦感。selects“挑选”、applies“应用”、maintains“维持”都不能描述激素的生理作用。7.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。promptshumanstoconnectwithoneanother意为“促使人类彼此建立联系”，与前文herdinginstinct（群居本能）匹配。consult“咨询”、compete“竞争”、compare“比较”均不合。8.答案【D】【解析】考查介词。exposuretothishormone意为“接触这种激素”，exposureto为固定搭配。at、by、of均不能与exposure构成“暴露于”之意。9.答案【B】【解析】考查名词。putsusinatrustingmood意为“使我们进入信任的心境”。context“语境”、period“时期”、circle“圈子”都不能与ina…mood互换表达情绪状态。10.答案【A】【解析】考查名词。thanweretheircounterpartswhoinhaledsomethingelse指“与吸入其他物质的对照受试者相比”，counterparts意为“对应者、对照组”。substitutes“替代品”、colleagues“同事”、supporters“支持者”均不合实验语境。11.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。Luckyforus意为“我们很幸运”，引出下文“我们还有识别不诚的第六感”这一有利条件。Funny、Odd、Ironic都不能表达“所幸”的正面评价。12.答案【B】【解析】考查动词。asixthsensefordishonestythatmayprotectus指这种直觉“保护”我们免受欺骗。monitor“监测”、surprise“使惊讶”、delight“使高兴”都不如protect贴合“防骗”语境。13.答案【A】【解析】考查介词。differentiatebetweenacrediblepersonandadishonestone为固定搭配，意为“区分可信者与不诚实者”。within、toward、over均不能构成“在两者之间辨别”的结构。14.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。Sixtytoddlerswereeachintroducedtoanadulttester意为“每个幼儿被引见给一位成年测试者”。transferred“转移”、added“添加”、entrusted“委托”都不能描述实验中的介绍环节。15.答案【D】【解析】考查副词。invitedtolookinside指被邀请“往里看”容器内容。out、back、around均与“探看容器内部”的动作不符。16.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。theotherhalfdiscoveredthecontainerwasempty指另一半孩子“发现”容器是空的。proved“证明”、insisted“坚持”、remembered“记得”都不能表达实验中的即时发现。17.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。realizedthetesterhadfooledthem意为“意识到测试者骗了他们”，与上文“惊呼Wow”却空无一物的情节一致。betrayed“背叛”、wronged“冤枉”、mocked“嘲弄”语义都偏。18.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。themajoritywerewillingtocooperate意为“多数孩子愿意配合”，与后文onlyfive…participated形成对照。forced“被迫”、hesitant“犹豫”、entitled“有权”均不能体现“自愿合作”。19.答案【A】【解析】考查逻辑。上句说未被骗的孩子多愿合作，本句说被“不可靠”测试者带的孩子仅5人参与，前后对比；Incontrast正确。Asaresult、Onthewhole、Forinstance均不表对比。20.答案【C】【解析】考查形容词。the“unreliable”tester指上一段欺骗孩子的那位测试者，与credible形成反义呼应。inflexible“不灵活的”、incapable“无能力的”、unsuitable“不合适的”都不如unreliable准确概括“失信”。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText121.答案【D】【解析】细节题。第二段指出约半数美国岗位面临自动化高风险，且withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed——中产受挤压尤甚，故中产劳动者受威胁最大，D正确。A“政界领袖”、C“机器人所有者”（文中说他们“willbefine”）、B“低薪劳动者”（园艺、日托不受机器人青睐）均不符。22.答案【C】【解析】观点题。作者既反对“惊慌”（Thisisn’ttobealarmist），也承认自动化中长期需“alotofhelpadjusting”，并在末段强调policiestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable，即自动化引发的问题必须加以解决，C正确。A“担忧毫无根据”、B“乐观