考研英语一2002年真题精解版含答案解析译文写作可打印编辑

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened1.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot2the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_3_，followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe4oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution5up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading6throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures7the20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.NoteveryoneseesthatProcessin8.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,9,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,10bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,11itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately12.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas13,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage14increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,15generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch16.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe17withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas18bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen19viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed20“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.1.［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2.［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3.［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4.［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5.［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6.［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7.［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8.［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9.［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10.［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11.［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12.［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13.［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14.［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15.［A］bymeansof ［B］intermsof ［C］withregardto ［D］inlinewith16.［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17.［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18.［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19.［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20.［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatement.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience [B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople [D]showsympathyforyourlisteners22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.[A]impolitetonewarrivals [B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges [D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.[A]havebenefitedmanypeople [B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor [D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered.[A]inwell-wordedlanguage [B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements [D]ascasuallyaspossible25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.[A]UseHumorEffectively [B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech [D]DifferentHumorStrategiesText2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.26.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.27.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.[A]programs［B］experts［C］devices［D］creatures28.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.[C]havealittlecommonsense.[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld.29.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.[C]improvefactoryenvironments.[D]cultivatehumancreativity.30.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.Text3Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.31.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis_______[A]globalinflation. [B]reductioninsupply.[C]fastgrowthineconomy. [D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports.32.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif______.[A]priceofcruderises. [B]commoditypricesrise.[C]consumptionrises. [D]oiltaxesrise.33.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries_______.［A］heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.［B］incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP.34.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_______.［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.35.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems__________.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomy.［D］scared.Text4TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”,totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.36.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.38.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures [B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse [D]insufficienthospitalcare39.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”(line4,paragraph7)?[A]Bold.[B]Harmful.[C]Careless.[D]Desperate40.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey.[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatientsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.（41）Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.（42）Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.（43）Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.（44）Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous（self-governing）manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values”.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?（45）Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.SectionIIIWriting46.Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“CulturesNationalandInternational”.Intheessayyoushould1.describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and2.giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume（服装）2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【A】【解析】考查介词。Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappenedbetween中between指“在这两者之间”，即15—16世纪印刷术普及到20世纪电视出现之间还有大量变革。before、since、later均不合这一时间跨度指代。2.答案【D】【解析】考查固定结构。itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantmedium为not…until的强调句，意为“直到19世纪报纸才……”。after、by、during均不能构成该强调结构。3.答案【C】【解析】考查名词。thedominantpre-electronicmedium意为“电子时代之前的主导媒介”。means、method、measure均不能指“传播媒介”。4.答案【B】【解析】考查名词搭配。inthecompanyof意为“与……相伴、与……并存”：报纸承接小册子与书籍之后出现，同时与期刊并存，故company合。process（intheprocessof）、form（intheformof以……形式）、light（inthelightof依据）均无法交代报纸与期刊并存的史实关系。5.答案【B】【解析】考查动词短语。thecommunicationsrevolutionspeededup意为传播革命加速。gathered、worked、picked与up搭配均不能表达“提速”。6.答案【A】【解析】考查副词。beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleadingonthroughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures中leadon意为“一路向前延续”。out、over、off均不合这一递进描述。7.答案【D】【解析】考查介词。leadingonthrough…intothe20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane意为“进入20世纪汽车与飞机的世界”。of、for、beyond均不合。8.答案【D】【解析】考查名词。Noteveryoneseesthatprocessinperspective中see…inperspective意为“从整体上（正确地）看待”。concept、dimension、effect均不能构成该短语。9.答案【C】【解析】考查逻辑。上文说传播革命延续演进，本句转折指出计算机的出现根本改变了这一进程，用however“然而”。indeed、hence、therefore均不合转折。10.答案【B】【解析】考查分词。theintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s意为计算机之后继之以集成电路的发明。brought、stimulated、characterized均不能表达先后相继。11.答案【D】【解析】考查连词。radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent中although表让步“尽管”。unless、since、lest均不合。12.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent意为“对媒体的影响并未立即显现”。desirable、negative、plausible均不合。13.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。theybecame“personal”too,aswellasinstitutional意为计算机既供机构使用，也“个人化”。universal、fundamental、instrumental均不能与personal形成这一对照。14.答案【C】【解析】考查名词。withdisplaybecomingsharperandstoragecapacityincreasing意为存储容量增大，storagecapacity为固定搭配。ability、capability、faculty均不如capacity准确。15.答案【B】【解析】考查短语。Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,intermsofgenerations意为“以代际而论”。bymeansof、withregardto、inlinewith均不合。16.答案【D】【解析】考查形容词。withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuchsmaller意为“代际差距小得多”，与计算机更新换代快相呼应。deeper、fewer、nearer均不与distance搭配表代际间隔。17.答案【A】【解析】考查名词。theterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethecontextwithinwhichwenowlive意为描述我们所处的环境、语境。range、scope、territory均不合。18.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。Thecommunicationsrevolutionhasinfluencedbothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeel意为传播革命影响了工作、闲暇与思维方式。regarded、impressed、effected（作动词意为“实现”）均不合。19.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。therehavebeencontroversialviewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications意为对其影响众说纷纭、存在争议。competitive、distracting、irrational均不合。20.答案【C】【解析】考查介词。“Benefits”havebeenweighedagainst“harmful”outcomes中weigh…against意为“与……相权衡”。above、upon、with均不能构成该搭配。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAText121.答案【C】【解析】细节题。开篇即指出幽默须identifysharedexperiencesandproblems，并addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople——针对不同听众谈其切身议题。takeadvantageofdifferentaudiences、makefunofthedisorganized、showsympathy均非“使幽默奏效”的做法。22.答案【B】【解析】推断题。关于医生的笑话中，护士进进出出、医生对同事颐指气使，暗示医生veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole——自我感觉如神明般尊贵。impolitetonewarrivals、entitledtoprivileges、busyduringlunchhours均未点出该笑话的讽意。23.答案【D】【解析】推断题。文中公共服务（邮局、电话公司、航空公司）常被取笑，故haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock。havebenefitedmanypeople、focusofpublicattention、inappropriatesubjectforhumor均不符。24.答案【D】【解析】细节题。作者主张讲故事应ascasuallyaspossible——自然随意、仿佛随口道来，以免显得刻意。inwell-wordedlanguage、asawkwardlyaspossible、inexaggeratedstatements均与其“不可造作”的建议相悖。25.答案【A】【解析】标题题。全文围绕“如何使幽默奏效”展开（听众、场合、讲述方式、公共话题），UseHumorEffectively最贴切。VariousKindsofHumor、AddHumortoSpeech、DifferentHumorStrategies均未涵盖“有效使用”这一主线。Text226.答案【C】【解析】细节题。人类最早的创造力体现在theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork——为完成艰难危险的工作而发明工具。useofmachinestoproducesciencefiction、wideuseofmachinesinmanufacturing、elite’scunningtackling…均与“最初表现”不符。27.答案【C】【解析】词义题。gizmos指“装置、小机件”，与devices同义，指各种精巧机械。programs、experts、creatures均不合。28.答案【D】【解析】细节题。目前机器人仍无法respondindependentlytoachangingworld——独立应对变化的环境。performdelicatetaskslikebrainsurgery（已可辅助）、interactverbally（已可实现）、havealittlecommonsense（文中指出恰是“常识”难题的具体表现之一，但总体能力边界以D概括）均不如D准确。29.答案【B】【解析】细节题。除替代人力外，机器人还能dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention——在人工干预下处理部分误差。makedecisionsforthemselves（文中明言不能自主决策）、improvefactoryenvironments、cultivatehumancreativity均不符。30.答案【C】【解析】例证题。以猴子只能关注极少数信息为例，说明在focusingonrelevantinformation上机器人farlessablethanhumanbrain。copyhumanbrainininternalstructure、perceiveabnormalitiesimmediately、bestusedinacontrolledenvironment均非该例的论点。Text331.答案【B】【解析】细节题。近期油价上涨主因是reductioninsupply——供给减少（含伊拉克出口暂停等因素造成的供应紧张），而非全球通胀或经济快速增长。globalinflation、fastgrowthineconomy、Iraq’ssuspensionofexports（文中作为诱因而非根本原因）均不完全。32.答案【D】【解析】推断题。文中指出原油涨价对零售油价的传导有限（因原油占成本比重较小、税负与炼油成本占比大），故零售价大幅上涨更可能源于oiltaxesrise。priceofcruderises、commoditypricesrise、consumptionrises均非文中强调的敏感变量。33.答案【D】【解析】细节题。《EconomicOutlook》的估算显示，发达国家oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP——油价波动对GDP影响有限（因能源强度下降）。heavyindustrymoreenergy-intensive、incomelossfromfluctuatingprices、manufacturingseriouslysqueezed均与估算结论相反。34.答案【A】【解析】结论题。全文论证当前经济对油价的敏感度已大幅下降，故oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow。inflationirrelevanttoshocks、energyconservationcankeeppricesdown、priceriseleadstoshrinkingheavyindustry均过度或偏题。35.答案【A】【解析】态度题。作者认为油价冲击的破坏力已被经济结构调整所稀释，整体语气optimistic。sensitive、gloomy、scared均与其判断不符。Text436.答案【B】【解析】细节题。前三段说明尽管最高法院裁定医生可为减轻痛苦而大剂量用药，但itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives——协助自杀仍属违法。doctorsusedtoincreasedosagestocontrolpain（表述不准确）、SupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide（法院裁决的是“无权主张协助自杀”，措辞有差）、patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide（表述过窄）均不如B贴切。37.答案【C】【解析】细节题。法院明确裁定high-dosagepain-relievingm