考研英语二2018年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheofto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould 8 .Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9 thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfororshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct–itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance–butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughoncuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.“Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.1.A.protectB.resolveC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.regretD.seek3.A.hurtB.lastC.misleadD.rise4.A.alertB.tieC.treatD.expose5.A.messageB.reviewC.trialD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.interruptD.deliver7.A.WhenB.IfC.ThoughD.Unless8.A.continueB.happenC.disappearD.change9.A.ratherthanB.regardlessofC.suchasD.owingto10.A.discoverB.forgiveC.forgetD.disagree11.A.payB.marriageC.schoolingD.food12.A.leadtoB.restonC.learnfromD.beginwith13.A.withdrawalB.persistenceC.inquiryD.diligence14.A.self-reliantB.self-destructiveC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.defineB.resistC.replaceD.trace16.A.overlookB.predictC.designD.conceal17.A.rememberB.promiseC.chooseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.planC.dutyD.outcome19.A.whyB.whetherC.whereD.how20.A.consequencesB.investmentsC.strategiesD.limitationsSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof .practicalabilityacademictrainingpioneeringspiritmechanicalmemorizationThereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho .haveastereotypedmindhavenocareermotivationarenotacademicallysuccessfularefinanciallydisadvantagedcaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates .usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsusedtohavemorejobopportunitiesarereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingareentitledtomoreeducationalprivilegesTheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall .helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsmaynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsisexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceindicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationTheauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas .supportivetolerantdisappointedcautiousText2Whilefossilfuels–coal,oil,gas–stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels–especiallycoal–asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration–andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup–perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes–ordoesn’tdo–topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto .stabilizingchangingfallingrisingAccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica .isprogressingnotablyisasextensiveasinEuropefacesmanychallengeshasprovedtobeimpracticalItcanbelearnedthatinIowa, .windisawidelyusedenergysourcewindenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelstechgiantsareinvestingincleanenergythereisashortageofcleanenergysupplyWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6？Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy .willbringtheUSclosertoothercountrieswillaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentisnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscostText3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing-AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor＄13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaenemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitalBythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem–andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey’resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits .digitalproductsuserinformationphysicalassetsqualityserviceLinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay .worsenpoliticaldisputesmessupcustomerrecordsposearisktoFacebookusersmisleadtheEuropeancommissionAccordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw .shouldservethenewmarketpowersmayworsentheeconomicimbalanceshouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutioncannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarketCompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause .theyarenotdefinedascustomerstheyarenotfinanciallyreliabletheservicesaregenerallydigitaltheservicesarepaidforbyadvertisersTheantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate .awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsatypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiantsthebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customerstherelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusersText4combatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingCalNewport,authorofDeepRulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedrecommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”–theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork–beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheWhicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday–inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy”.“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,”saysPillay.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto .keeptoyourfocustimelistyourimmediatetasksmakespecificdailyplansseizeeveryminutetoworkThestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat .distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencydailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingstudentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsdetailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedAccordingtoNewport,idlenessis .adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleamajorcontributortophysicalhealthaneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyanessentialfactorinaccomplishinganyworkPillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused .canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingcanbringaboutgreaterefficiencyisaimedatbetterbalanceinworkisdrivenbytaskurgencyThistextismainlyabout .waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeapproachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimethekeytoeliminatingdistractionsthecauseofthelackoffocustimePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlesfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)JustsayitBepresentPayauniquecomplimentName,places,thingsFindthe“metoo”sSkipthesmalltalkAskforanopinionFivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.meetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41. Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”–thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.wantedtosaysomething–thefirstword–butitjustwon’tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon’ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”–dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.42. Itisaproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou?”and“whatisgoingon?”,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43. Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44. Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45. allcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacestheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingstheyhate–whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.it.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!SectionIII TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads–everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet–notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledgetoexplore”,Gatessays.SectionⅣWritingPartADirections:SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailtoapologizeandexplainthesituation,andsuggestafuturemeeting.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【B】【解析】whydopeoplereadnegativecomments?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto___uncertainty指“消除不确定性”，resolve（解决、消除）正确；protect保护、discuss讨论、ignore忽视都不能与uncertainty搭配表示“解疑”。2.答案【D】【解析】theneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill___tosatisfytheircuriosity指主动“寻求”满足，seek正确；refuse拒绝、wait等待、regret后悔都与“好奇心太强”相反。3.答案【A】【解析】evenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill___后文以电击笔、恶心图片为例，说明答案会“伤人”，hurt正确；last持续、mislead误导、rise上升均不如hurt贴合“痛苦的答案”。4.答案【D】【解析】testedstudents'willingnessto___themselvestounpleasantstimuli为固定搭配exposeoneselfto（使自己接触），expose正确；alert警觉、tie捆绑、treat对待都不合。5.答案【C】【解析】Forone___,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpens指实验中的“一次试验”，trial正确；message信息、review评论、concept概念均不合。6.答案【D】【解析】Halfofthepenswould___anelectricshockwhenclicked指笔会“释放”电击，deliver正确（deliverashock）；remove去除、weaken削弱、interrupt打断均不合。7.答案【A】【解析】___leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknow...clickedmorepens引导时间状语，表示“当被独自留在房间时”，When正确；If如果、Though虽然、Unless除非都不合。8.答案【B】【解析】thanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould___指知道“会发生什么”，happen正确；continue继续、disappear消失、change改变都不表“发生”。9.答案【C】【解析】reproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,___thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboard后接举例，suchas正确；ratherthan而不是、regardlessof不管、owingto由于都不引例证。10.答案【A】【解析】Thedriveto___isdeeplyrootedinhumans全文主题为好奇心驱动的“求知、探究”，discover正确；forgive原谅、forget忘记、disagree不同意均不合。11.答案【D】【解析】muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor___orshelter与shelter（住所）并列，指基本生存需求，food正确；pay报酬、marriage婚姻、schooling教育都不属“基本生理驱动”。12.答案【A】【解析】itcan___newscientificadvances指好奇心能“带来”科学进步，leadto正确；reston依赖、learnfrom学习、beginwith开始于都不表“促成”。13.答案【C】【解析】sometimessuch___canbackfire回指上句curiosity，指这种“探究”，inquiry正确；withdrawal退缩、persistence坚持（抽象）、diligence勤奋都不如inquiry与curiosity同指。14.答案【B】【解析】curiositycandriveyoutodo___things后文劝人别读网络评论，说明会做“自毁”的事，self-destructive正确；self-reliant自立、self-evident不言自明、self-deceptive自欺都不合“伤害自身”。15.答案【B】【解析】Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto___,however后文给出“预想后果”的对策，说明不良好奇心可以“抵制”，resist正确；define界定、replace替代、trace追溯都不合。16.答案【B】【解析】participantswhowereencouragedto___howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicture指“预想”自己会有何感受，predict正确；overlook忽视、design设计、conceal隐藏都不合。17.答案【C】【解析】werelesslikelyto___toseesuchanimage指“选择”去看，choose正确；remember记得、promise承诺、pretend假装均不合。18.答案【D】【解析】imaginingthe___offollowingthroughonone'scuriosity指“结果”，outcome正确；relief缓解、plan计划、duty责任都不如outcome与“顺好奇心行事”搭配。19.答案【B】【解析】canhelpdetermine___itisworththeendeavor引导宾语从句表“是否值得”，whether正确；why、where、how都不能表达“值不值得”的判断。20.答案【A】【解析】Thinkingaboutlong-term___iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffects与“负面效应”对应，指“后果”，consequences正确；investments投资、strategies策略、limitations局限均不合。21.答案【A】【解析】第二段以学生能说出第13任总统却对坏掉的自行车链条束手无策作对比，批评教育缺乏实用能力，practicalability正确；B学术训练、C开拓精神、D机械记忆均与作者意图相反。22.答案【C】【解析】第四段引Koziatek的话：职业教育的刻板印象是it'sforkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically，arenotacademicallysuccessful正确；A思维僵化、B无职业动机、D经济困难均非文中偏见内容。23.答案【B】【解析】第五段ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated，说明高中毕业生过去就业机会更多，usedtohavemorejobopportunities正确；A曾有大额财务负担、C不愿从事制造业、D享有更多教育特权均不符。24.答案【D】【解析】第六段批评theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless，指出这体现对高等教育的过度推崇，indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation正确；A、B、C与原文“中技能岗位缺口大、受训者不足”的事实相反。25.答案【A】【解析】作者称Koziatek的学校是tryingtofillthatgap...isawake-upcall，态度为支持，supportive正确；tolerant宽容、disappointed失望、cautious谨慎均不符。26.答案【C】【解析】第一段称WhatsApp给Facebook的是anintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives，即用户信息与社交关系网，userinformation正确；A数字产品、C实物资产（原文强调无实物）、D优质服务均不符。27.答案【A】【解析】第二段指出即便不知消息内容，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealing，且政治人物会想掌握群组构成，说明此举会给用户带来风险，posearisktoFacebookusers正确；A加剧政治争端、B搞乱客户记录、D误导欧盟委员会均不符（原文是Facebook违背对欧盟委员会的承诺）。28.答案【A】【解析】第三段称竞争法itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy，问题可能在补救前已消失，即跟不上市场变化，cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket正确；A服务于新市场权力、B加剧经济失衡、C不应只提供一种法律方案均不符。29.答案【C】【解析】第三段说明竞争法现行解释只针对消费者的“财务损害”，而这些服务用户并不付费，Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers，故难以保护他们，theyarenotdefinedascustomers正确；B财务不可靠、C服务是数字化的、D服务由广告商付费（这是“客户”是谁的说明，不是法律难保护的原因）均不合。30.答案【C】【解析】末段以蚂蚁饲养蚜虫取蜜露类比Google用我们的数据获益，说明数字巨头与用户的关系，therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers正确；A双赢模式、B竞争格局、C为用户提供的益处均不合。31.答案【B】【解析】第二段明确Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit，keeptoyourfocustime正确；B列出眼前任务、C制定具体日程、D抓住每分钟工作均与“深度工作”主张相反。32.答案【C】【解析】第四、五段称研究者本以为detaileddailyplans最有效，结果theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents，即详细计划未必如预期有效，detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected正确；A干扰反而提高效率、B日程不可或缺、C学生不受月度目标激励均不符。33.答案【D】【解析】第六、七段引Newport：idleness...isasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...necessarytogettinganyworkdone，说明闲暇是完成工作的必要因素，anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork正确；A忙碌者理想心态、B有助身体健康、C节省时间精力的有效方式均不如原文表述准确。34.答案【A】【解析】末两段Pillay认为Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient，即交替专注与放松能提高效率，canbringaboutgreaterefficiency正确；A心理健康、C工作平衡、D任务紧迫驱动均不符。35.答案【D】【解析】全文围绕“如何在更短时间内做成更多事”：深度工作、深度排程、简化待办清单、拥抱闲暇，主旨为approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime，approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime正确；A、C、D均只涉局部。36.答案【A】【解析】该段主张youwantedto