2014年高中英语会考复习--冠词

1、2014年高中英语会考复习-,冠词,一.不定冠词的用法,1.指某一类人或事物中的一个Shehasbecomeateacher.2.指某一类人或事物,相当于any.Acamelisausefulanimal.3.表示数量“1”个的意思,相当于one.Thereisapenonthedesk.4.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物,相当于acertain.AprofessorfromPekingUniversitygaveusareportyesterday.,5.表示单位“每一个”的意思.Thedoctortoldhimtotakethispillthreetimesaday.6.用于某些固定

2、词组和成语中inahurry匆忙asaresult结果allofasudden突然地ataloss茫然不知asarule照例地asawhole整个看来manyabook许多书tooeasyasentence太容易的一个句子7.用于形容词最高级与序数词之前.Itsamostusefultoo.(most=very)Canyougiveasecondchance?(asecond=another)8.相当于thesameBirdsofafeatherflocktogether.,_Mr.Lihasbeenwaitingforyou.A./B.aC.theD.one,1.,用在MrMrsMiss+姓

3、氏：表示这个人对于说话的人是陌生的aMr.Smith一位史密斯先生aMrs.Smith一位史密斯太太aMissSmith一位史密斯小姐,Hetriedsixthtimeandsucceeded.A./B.aC.theD.one,.,用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示又一个,又一次,studentfromClassTworunsfastest.A./B.aC.theD.one,.,表示某人某物，没有说明具体为何人何物,Heis_actorwhilesheis_dancerA.a;aB.the;theC.an;aD.the;an,4.,用于职业名称前面,Romewasntbuiltinday.罗马非一

4、天能建成。(即:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。),A./B.aC.theD.one,.,表示“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈。如：TheywaitedthereforanhourTheplanwillbereadyinaweekortwo.Apandahasamouth,anose，twoeyes.,注意,如特别强调数量,应使用one。例如:IhaveonlyonedictionaryandIneeditmyself.,planeisfasterthantrain.A./，B.a，aC.the,theD.a,the,6.,用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。

5、e.g:Asnakeisacold-bloodedanimal.蛇是冷血动物。,7.Thedoctortoldhertotakethemedicinethreetimes_day.A./B.aC.theD.one,7.,用在表示价格、速度、时间计量单位的名词前表示“每一”。如：5pakilo5便士一公斤lameter一英镑一米sixtykilometersanhour每小时60公里10padozen10便士一打fourtimesaday每天四次,monthand_halfisnotsolongtime.A.a;aB.the;theC.an;aD.the;an,8.,用在某些数字前面e.g:ah

6、undred一百athousand一千athird三分之一aquarter四分之一但也可以用one。,9.What_greatsurprise！A./B.aC.theD.one,9.,用于感叹句中What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数主语谓语Such+a/an+adj+名词！So+adj+a/an+名词！e.g:Suchalongqueue!Solongaqueue!,10.Therewas_heavyrainlastweek.A./B.aC.theD.one,10.,有些不可数名词前加a/an表示一阵，一份，一种，一堆等意思，通常该名词前有加形容词如：aheavysnow,astrongw

7、ind,awonderfulbreakfast,makeafire,haveagoodtime,anhonor,11.,用于数量词组中,alotof许多acouple一对agreatmany很多adozen一打（但也可以用onedozen）agreatdealof大量,1.,用于固定词组中：,inamoment立刻,马上onceuponatime从前asaresult(of)作为()的结果inahurry急忙地inaword一句话,总而言之onceinawhile偶尔地haveagoodtime过得很愉快haveawordwith与说句话have/takealook(at)看一看have/ta

8、kearest休息一下takeanactivepartin积极参加(比较:takepartin参加,不能说takeapartin)avarietyof各种各样awasteof浪费dosb.afavour帮某人的忙putanendto结束atamouthful一大口地allofasudden突然地,二,定冠词的用法1.指独一无二的事物(独指).themoon,thesun,theworld,theuniverse2.前面已说过的人或事(特指).Ithinkthemanmustbethegirlsfather.3.说听双方都知道的人或事(特指).Shutthedoor/window.4.特定范围内

9、的人或物;分词短语,定语(从句)所修饰限定的人或物.Themilkonthetablewentbad.5.在序数词前表顺序.thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thefourth6.在形容词,副词最高级前(副词前可省).thebest,thetallestHeruns(the)fastestinourclass.,7.在方位名词前.thesouth,thenorth,thewest8.在某家人或夫妇前theSmiths,theWhites,theWangs9.在整个民族或族人前.theChinese,theSwiss,theEnglish10.一般在江,河,湖,海,洋,海峡

10、,海湾,山脉,群岛等专有名词前theChangjiangRiver,thePacific,theWestLake,theHimalayas,theEnglishChannel,theBritishIsles11某个年代或朝代inthe1990s,intheTangDynasty12,在乐器名词前(演奏中)Thelittlegirlisplayingthepiano.,13,与形容词连用表一类人或物therich,thebeautiful,thewounded14,在语法名称的名词前thenoun,theinfinitive,thegerund15,在报刊杂志名称的名词前thePeoplesDa

11、ily,theNewYorkTimes16,在某些特殊词前thesame,theonly,thevery(justthe)17,在某些搭配中take/hold/leadsbbythehand/nosepat/beat/strikesbonthenose/back/headintheface/eye/stomach18,在某种语言前theChineselanguage19,在多数由普通名词构成的专有名词前,如国名,机关团体,建筑物,条约等theUnitedStates,theParisPact,20,抽象名词受of短语修饰或在上下文中已被限定,属特指时thescienceofanimallife

12、,themusicofthisfilm21,定冠词的习惯搭配inthemorning,inthechargeof,withthehelpofinthedaytime,outofthequestion(impossible),1.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_telephonein1876./B.aC.theD.one,1.,用于表示发明物的单数名词前,2.Ihadacoldin_head./B.aC.theD.one,2.,当用来指人体部位时，在介词之后通常用thee.g:Hebecameveryredintheface.Hewaswoundedintheleg.,3

13、.Itisgoodmannerstomakeroomfor_poor./B.aC.theD.one,3.,用于形容词前，表示一类人，e.g.:theyoung,therich,thedead,thebeauty,thewounded,theinjured,4.Thewarbrokeoutin_1840s./B.aC.theD.one,4.,用于指世纪的某个年代,5.Iheardsbplaying_pianoin_nextroom.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;an,5.,用于演奏的乐器:playthepiano,theviolin,theflute,6.,用于特指:e.

14、g:_girlinredismystudent.A.aB.anC.theD./,7.Iliketogoto_theatreonSunday.A./B.aC.theD.one,7.,用于文娱艺术活动等名称前e.g:goto(thecinema,thetheatre,themovies,theconcert,theparty,ball,),8._SmithswillVisitChinanextyear.A./B.aC.theD.one,8.,用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，,9.Chinaisshortfor_PeoplesRepublicofChina.A./B.aC.theD.one,9.,用于普

15、通名词构成的专有名词前面theGreatWall,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,theTimes,10._YellowRiverbelongstoChina.A./B.aC.theD.one,10.,用于某些江、河、湖、海、海湾、沙漠前e.g:theWestLake,thePacific,theTaiwanStraits,theAlps,theSahara,11Taiwanisin_eastofChina.A./B.aC.theD.one,11,用于表示方位（东、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名词前但fromeasttowest之类的结构除外,12.Autumn

16、is_bestseasonhere.A./B.aC.theD.one,12.,用于形容词最高级前但是有范围规定的两者(ofthetwo)比较,比较及前也要加the,13.TheYangtzeRiveris_firstlongestriverinChina.A./B.aC.theD.one,11,用于序数词前:thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thehundredth,14._earthtravelsaround_sun.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;an,14.,用于世界上独一无二的：themoon,theuniverse,theatmospher

17、e,theworld,thesky,15.Thereis_newbookonthedesk.Giveme_book.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;an,15.,用于上文提到过的人、物前,16.Take_medicineaftermeals.A./B.aC.theD.one,16,用于谈话双方都知道的人、物前,17,用于固定词组中,inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening/night,intheSpringFestival,atthemoment,onthephone,ontheradio,bytheway,intheend,att

18、heendof,ontheotherhand,注意,onthewhole(大体上)asawhole(就整个来看)inthedistance(在远处)atadistanceof+数词,三.零冠词的情况1.复数可数名词或不可数名词表一般意义而不特指具体的人或物时Ilikeflowers.Childrenwillbeadults.2.国名(一般),人名,地名,街道,公园,大学等名词前China,Henry,HongKong,NanjingRoad3.早中晚餐前gotosupper,havebreakfast,Whatdoyouhaveforlunch?4.表“官衔,职位”名词前ProfessorSm

19、ith,monitorWangPingwasmadechairmanofthemeeting.5.表“球类,棋类活动”名词前playbasketball,playchess6.表“星期,月份,季节”名词前inwinter,fromSundaytoMonday,7.一些节日名前NationalDay,NewYearsDay,ChildrensDay8.as引导的让步状语从句作表语的名词,和独立主格结构中的平行结构Teacherasheis,hedoesntteachwell.Beautifulgirlassheis,wedontlikeher.9.表“变成”后接的名词不加冠词turnwriter

20、,gosocialist10.表抽象意义或一般意义的时间名词前atdawn,atdusk,atnoon,beforedark,atsunsetatsunrise,atnight11.by加交通工具的名词短语bytrain,bybus,bysea,byland,byship,byrailbyboat,byair,bycar,12.在习惯用语中gotobed,fromtimetotime,sidebyside,introuble,indanger,atpresent,keepintouchwithlearnbyheart,loseheart,inprison,insurprise,Teachers

21、mustlovetheirstudents.A./B.aC.theD.one,1,复数名词表示一类或者泛指时前不加冠词,2.Unityisstrength.A./，/B.a，aC.the,theD.an,a,2,不可数名词表示一类或者泛指时前不加冠词,_Beijingis_capitalofChinaA./，/B.a，aC.the,theD./,the,3.,专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前，一般不用冠词,4.Iusuallyhave_breakfastat8:00A./B.aC.theD.one,4.,三餐（breakfast,lunch,supper)前面不加冠词但三餐前面有形容词修饰要加a/

22、an如：awonderfuldinner,5.Heisgoodatplaying_chessandbasketball.A./，/B.a，aC.the,theD./,the,5.,球类、棋类等体育运动前面不加冠词,6.Itishardtolearn_Englishwell.A./B.aC.theD.an,6.,学科、语言、前面不加冠词,cancerleadstodeath.A./B.aC.theD.an,7.,医学中的疾病前面通常不加冠词,_autumnis_bestseasonin_yearA:/;the,aB.The,the,theC.An,a,aD.The,the,an,8.,季节、月份、星期、节日前，一般不加冠词，但有限定性定语修饰或表示一特定的时间时，就要加定冠词e.g:ShecametoTianjininthespringof1998.,9.Weusuallygotoschoolby_bus.A./B.aC.theD.an,9.,在描述交通方式时前面不用冠词但是takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bu