2010广东省高考英语专题阅读理解解题技巧

1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧,IbelieveIcanmakeit!Ican!,Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.,Justtryithard!,高考专题复习阅读理解主旨要义题,广东省考试大纲的说明英语要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解具体信息；（3）根据上下文推测生词词义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文段的基本逻辑结构；（6）理解作者的意图和态度；,1,2,3,4,主旨大意,细节理解,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读技巧,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主

2、要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到。,干扰项具有如下特点：1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3.主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。,所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者

3、没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。,遵循四字原则:,准,全,新,用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想,要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点准确地表达出来.,要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小.,所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣.,精,PracticeMakesPerfect!,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1、理解主

4、旨要义题；(mainidea)2、理解文中具体信息；(questionsofdetails）3、根据上下推断生词的词义：(wordsincontext)4、做出简单判断和推理；(questionsofinference)5、理解文章的基本结构;（basicstructureofpassage）6、理解作者的意图和态度。（intentionorattitudeofauthor）,Step熟悉考纲,一、Readingabilities,二、Questionforms:,主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要

5、内容、主题或标题进行设问。常见的题干形式如下：大意类：Themainideaofthepassageis.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?,标题类：Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?Whatsthebestheadlineforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.作者意图类：Whatsthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage？Theauthorspurpose.istoshow.,Step解题方法Techniques,1.正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主

6、题，从选项中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。,Step解题思路LetspracticeHowtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?,注意干扰项的陷阱：1、以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、过于笼统，放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小。,TypesOfParagraphStructures,Atthebeginning,Attheend,Inthemiddle,Noclearto

7、picsentence,forexample,so,therefore,1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseas

8、yforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（1分钟）Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.Anexperimentonsmoking.,Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.,Pract

9、ice：,小结：正向法。,思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？,(detail),(detail),(detail),2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.（1分钟）Whati

10、sthemainideaofthepassage?Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Dontjudgeothersbyappearance.C.Trytohideonesownweakness.D.Allofuscanjudgeothers.,So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,以偏概全,以偏概全,过于笼统,小结：逆向法。,思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？,3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingad

11、vertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyer

12、sarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.(2分钟)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.,(detail)(detail)(detail),思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？,4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisandde

13、cidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2分钟）Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforf

14、ouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？,5AcoupleofyearsagoItookthefamilyonawintervacationtoN

15、ewYorkcitytoexperiencetheholidayatmosphere.Thelongestlinesthatweekwerentinthehalloftheempirestatebuilding,attheStatueofLibertyferryoranyofNewYorksotherlandmarks,butinthesquareatFifthavenueand58Street,wherethecrowdtogetintoFAOSchwarz(atoystore)snakedaroundtheblock.Theauthorwantstotellus_inthisPara.A.

16、thedistributionofpeople.B.thepoortrafficconditions.C.thepopularityofatoystoreD.theniceholidayatmosphere.,小结：统计法。具有概括性。,思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？,6Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519

17、,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApr

18、il1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundthewor

19、ldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.（4分钟）Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MagellansdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.MagellansVoyage,Step能力提升,Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.,Magellansvoyagewasthefirsttripar

20、oundtheworld.,MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodand

21、freshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1

22、521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.,TheprocessofMagellanslongdifficultvoyage,Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.,Magellansvoyageprovedtheearthisround.,Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.Magellanwasf

23、romPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedo

24、fhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoedHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightme

25、nhaddied.Magellansvoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.,Paragraph1:Magellansvoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.,Paragraph2:TheprocessofMagellanslongdifficultvoyage,Paragraph3:Magellansvoyagedprovedtheearthisround.,Magellansvoyage,6Magellansmenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesaile