初中八年级现在完成时、被动语态复习(极好)PPT课件

1、.,1,冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,Ifwinterhasalreadycome,canspringbefarbehind?,.,2,初中时态讲解,现在完成时,.,3,复习目录,1.现在完成时态的概念2.现在完成时态的结构3.现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式4.现在完成时态的用法5.现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较,.,4,1.现在完成时的概念,1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2）表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。E.g.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.,past,now,future,现在完成时,一般过去式,现在进行时,一般将来时,你会自己

2、造句吗？,.,5,2.现在完成时的结构,现在完成时的构成：Have/has+done,助动词,过去分词,主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语,Have:第一、二/复数Has:第三人称单数,规则动词：不规则动词,.,6,规则动词,(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变为i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个

3、辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped,.,7,重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词,Work_Live_Stay_Stop_Clean_Study_,workedworked,livedlived,stayedstayed,stoppedstopped,cleanedcleaned,studiedstudied,.,8,不规则动词,AAA型costcostcost；cutcutcutAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runranrun；comecamecomebecomebecamebecome

4、ABB型buyboughtbought；buildbuiltbuiltABC型beginbeganbegun；choosechosechosen,.,9,3.现在完成时的否定与疑问,现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。,.,10,例题Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoShanghaibefore.(改为否定句)I_beentoShanghaibefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_hecometoschool?,have,not,Why,d

5、oesnt,重点2：现在完成时态的否定与疑问,.,11,比较havebeento/in和havegoneto,HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,.,12,have(has)beenin,表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。,.,13,小结,.,14,1.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A

6、.beenB.neverbeenC.wentD.gone2.Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto3.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going,B,B,D,重点3havebeento/in和havegoneto的对比例题,.,15,4.现在完成时的用法,1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状

7、态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。,(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever,twotimes等状语连用。例如：,.,16,Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?牛奶的奶挤了吗？Ihaveneverheardthatbefore.我从没听说过。,你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？,.,17,2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表

8、示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,lately,for,since,等。如：Wehaventseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。,.,18,注意：a)since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere，Tuesday,October-“自从”for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。-“

9、长达”,.,19,重点4：since和for的区别,1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_many

10、years.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.,since,since,since,since,for,for,for,for,for,.,20,注意：b)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since,for,howlong连用）。,短暂性动词,.,21,Hehascomeherefor2years.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minute

11、s.以上三句话可以改为：Hehasbeenherefor2years.Theoldmanhas_for4months.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes,been,dead,been,out,错,错,错,.,22,终止性动词转换成延续性动词,becomebebuyhaveborrowkeepcatchacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowputonwear,leavebeawaydiebedeadarrivein/atbein/atcometobein/atjoinbeamemberof/beinstartbeonfinishbeover,.,23,终止性动词转换

12、成延续性动词,TheyleftthespacestationlastMonday.TheyhavebeenawayfromthespacestationsincelastMonday.Theyhavebeenawayfromthespacestationfortwodays.,.,24,注意：c)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,一般过去式,（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslast

13、night.,.,25,5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.Ihaveseenthisfilm.,.,26,2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just

14、,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语,.,27,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,.,28,ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago)

15、.(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续),.,29,()1.Wherehaveyou_thesedays?Ihave_toKunmingwithmyfriends.Abeen,goneBbeen,beenCgone,beenDgone,gone()2.Howlonghaveyou_thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()3.Excuseme,_youseenthefilmyet?Yes,I_itlastnight.Ahave,seeBh

16、ave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()4.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_?A.isheB.isntheC.hasntheD.hashe,B,c,D,D,Thepassivevoice,动词复习专题系列,.,31,1.HeoftenhelpsmeinEnglish.2.Lucydoesherhomeworkintheevening.3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.4.Doyouwatertheflowerseveryday?,IamoftenhelpedbyhiminEnglish.,Herhomeworkisd

17、onebyLucyintheevening.,Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.,Aretheflowerswateredbyyoueveryday?,一般现在时的被动语态：,am/is/are+P.P.,.,32,1Webuiltourschool95yearsago.2Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.3Hedidnttakethephotoin2003.5Didyoufinishyourhomework?,Ourschoolwasbuilt95yearsago.,Manytreeswereplantedlastyear.,Thepho

18、towasnttakenin2003.,一般过去时的被动语态：,was/were+P.P.,Wasyourhomeworkfinished?,.,33,1WewillholdourNationalGamesinJinan.2Iwillinvitemyteachertotheparty.3Hewontfinishhishomeworkinanhour.,OurNationalGameswillbeheldinJinan.,Myteacherwillbeinvitedtotheparty.,Hishomeworkwontbefinishedinanhour.,一般将来时被动语态：,willbe+P

19、.P.,.,34,1.Wemustcleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Parentsshouldallowtheteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.3.UncleWangcantmendhisbike.,Theclassroommustbecleanedeveryday.,Theteenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.,Hisbikecantbemendedbyunclewang.,情态动词的被动语态：,can/may/must/shouldbe+P.P.,.,35,am/is/are+P

20、.P.,was/were+P.P.,willbe+P.P.,can/may/must/shouldbe+P.P.,中考常考的被动语态,be+P.P.,have/hasbeen+P.P.,.,36,Exercises1.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldtoday.(08重庆)Chinese_bymoreandmoreforeignersintheworldnow.2Dangerousdrivingcausesmanyaccidents,(08临沂)Manyaccidents_manydangerousdriving.3Thetwinsateu

21、pallthebananasontheplate.(08西宁)Allthebananas_upbythetwins.4TeacherscanusecartoonstogiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.(08济南)Cartoons_togiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.,isspoken,arecausedby,wereeaten,canbeused,.,37,几种特殊的被动语态,.,38,Shetakesgoodcareofthebaby.Youshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Heturneddowntheradi

22、ojustnow.,Thebabyistakengoodcare.,Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.,Theradiowasturneddownjustnow.,of,1.若主动语态中的谓语动词是由不及物动词加介词或副词构成的及物动词短语，应将其看成一个整体结构，在变被动时，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。,.,39,IoftenseehimcomeintotheroomThebossmadetheworkersworkallday.Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.,Heisoftenseentocomeintotheroom.,Thew

23、orkersweremadetoworkallday.,Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.,2.在主动句中,使役动词、感官动词make,see,hear,watch,notice等词后跟省略to的不定式，变被动语态时，必须还原to.,.,40,Wesawhimplayinginthestreet.,Hewasseenplayinginthestreet.,.,41,Myfathergavemeabikeasabirthdaypresent.Abike_asabirthdaypresent.I_abikeasabirthdaypresent.Sheboughtm

24、eapenyesterday.I_yesterday.Apen_yesterday.,wasgiventome,wasgiven,wasboughtapen,wasboughtforme,.,42,3.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动语态的主语，而另一个宾语保留仍作宾语。将物(sth.)变为被动语态的主语时，要在保留宾语前加介词to或for.,常见的双宾语动词如give,offer,pass,show,lend,send,bring,return,tell等用介词to;buy,make(制作),mend,cook,sing,get等用for.,.,43,8Myuncle

25、sentmeaChristmaspresentlastyear.(06重庆)AChristmaspresent_mebymyunclelastyear.9Thecoachmakestheplayersplaybasketballtenhoursaday.Theplayers_basketballtenhoursadaybythecoach.10Sheheardthegirlstalkwitheachothernoisily.Thegirls_talkwitheachothernoisily.,wassentto,aremadetoplay,wereheardto,.,44,16）Afterpl

26、antingthetrees,youshouldwaterthemoften.（05济南）Thetrees_oftenafterthey_17）RoypassedtheballtoBillandBillthrewittoJim.(06济南)Theball_first_toBillandthen_toJim.,shouldbewatered,areplanted,waspassed,wasthrown,挑战自我,济南市有时会考复合句同时变被动,.,45,1Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.2Canthisbikemended？3Thatpencilwasgivenme

27、byhimyesterday。4ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun。5Heisoftenseenplayfootballoutside.6Thekitewasmadetohimbyher.,of,giventome,written,toplay,for,bemended,火眼金睛,.,46,1Theoldmanisill.Hemust_tothehospital.Call120atonce.(send)2Thebook_byLuXunin1920.(write)3Allthemachines_outyesterday.(sell)4Thehospital_nextyear.(bui

28、ld)5Thiskindofbookcant_outofthelibrary.(take)6He_toplaycomputergameslastnight.(allow)7Theboy_often_nottogotothenetbar.(tell)8He_tothepartylastSunday,buthedidntgothere.(ask),besent,waswritten,weresold,willbebuilt,betaken,wasallowed,istold,wasasked,你会填空吗？,1判断用主动还是被动？,2A物做宾语B缺失宾语Cby短语,3根据标志词确定时态,.,47,4

29、.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义A.read,sell,wash,write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。如:Thedoordoesntopeneasily.Bikesofthatkindhardlysell.Thebooksellswell.Theclothwasheseasily,.,48,B.need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。表示sth需要被做beworthdoingnee

30、ddoingwantdoingrequiredoingThisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.C.easy,difficult,hard,heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Theboxisheavytocarry.,.,49,3.被动形式表示主动意义的情况：Beseated,please.Sheisdressedinaredskirt.Hewaslostinthethickforest.Wearepreparedtoaccepthisinvitation.,D.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主

31、语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:Shehasanoldgrandfathertolookafter,.,50,历届中考试题小试身手,1Whatanicegarden!-It_everyday.AiscleaningBhascleanedCmustcleanDiscleaned2Thegirl_atthepartylastnight.AheardtosingBwasheardtosingCheardsingDwasheardsing3Thecomputers_tothevillageschoolaspresentslastmonth.AaregivenBgivenC

32、weregivenDgave4ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3_inNanjingin2010.AwillbuildBhasbuiltCwillbebuiltDhasbeenbuilt,.,51,5Theaccident_onthemorningofChristmasDay.AhappenedBwashappenedCwashappeningDishappened6Theletteris_inFrench.Icantreadit.AwritingBwrittenCwroteDwrites7When_thiskindofcomputer_?-Lasty

33、ear.Adid,useBwas,usedCis,usedDare,used8LiFenghasgotabike.He_itfornearlytwoyears.It_inTianJin.Abought,madeBhashad,wasmadeCborrow,wasmadeDhassold,ismade,happen,takeplace不及物，没有被动,.,52,9Lilywasmade_intheroomthewholeafternoon.AstudyBtostudyCstudiesDstudying10Canyoutellmewhomtheplay_in1998?AwaswrittenbyBw

34、aswrittenCiswrittenbyDiswritten11Thousandsoftreesoverthemountains_bythefarmerslastyear.AplantedBwasplantedCwereplantedDwillplant12Ourteacheroftensaystheoldshould_.AbespokenpolitelyBbespokentopolitelyCbespokenpoliteDbespokentopolite,.,53,13Themedicine_inadryandcoolplaceAkeepBmustkeepCmustbekeptDmustb

35、ekeep14Thisdictionarymustnt_fromthelibraryAtakeawayBtakenawayCaretakenawayDbetakenaway15Nooneknowshowthehugerocks_and_withoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsagoAarecut；movedBwerecut；moveCarecut；movingDwerecut；moved16Manyboysandgirlsaremade_whattheyrenot_Atodo；interestedBtodo；interestedinCdo；intere

36、stedinDdoing；interested,.,54,17Lookatthesignontheright.Oh,parking_here.AdoesntallowBisntallowedCdidntallowDwasntallowed18DidyougotoSamsweekendparty?No,I_.AamnotinvitedBwasntinvitedChaventinvitedDdidntinvited19Thetelephone_byAlexanderGrahamBellin1876.AwasinventedBhasbeeninventedCisinventedDwillbeinve

37、nted20Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,_toworkfortheOlympicGames.AischoosingBischosenCwaschoosingDwaschosen,.,55,21Thedress_smoothandsoft.AfeltBfeelsCisfeltDisfeeling22Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor_.AwaslockedBislockedCwillbelockedDshouldbelocked23IwanttobeaChineseteacherwhenIgrowup.Thatsgreat.C

38、hineseteachers_inChinaandsomeforeigncountries.AneedBareneedingCareneededDwillneed24Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedwewonthavecleanerwatertodrinkunlesssomething_soon.AwasdoneBwillbedoneCtobedoneDisdone,feel,look,sound,taste,smell等系动词不用被动。,.,56,25English_inmanycountries,butChinese_theirownlanguage.Aisspoken,speaksBspeaks,isspokenCisspoken,isspokenDisspoken,speak26Theskirtlooksdifferentfromothersanditisnice.Thanks.It_bymymotherlastmonth.AmadeBismadeChasbeenmad