英语国家概况考试复习要点

1、英语国家概况复习点Part One UKThe Country1.different names for Britain and its parts名称：England Britain great Britain(GB/g . b .)British islesBritish empire the common wealth the United kingdom(the uk)the United kingdom of great Britain and northern Irelandparts:England Scotland Wales northern Ireland2.officia

2、l name : the United kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland .Geographically，the British isles includes great Britain，the whole of Ireland，and all the offhore islandsPolitically，the British isles is made up of u . k . and Republic of Ireland .3.the highest mountain in Britain:Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山)th

3、e largest mountain range in Britain:the grampians4.the longest river:the sever riverthe most important river in Britain and the second longest river :泰晤士河(泰晤士河)5.the largest lake in Britain:lough neagh(内伊湖)(Northern Ireland)6.伯恩宁山：the penniesThe people7.the first known setlers of Britain were the Ib

4、eria ns。人们所知道的英国第一个居民来自伊比利。8.Basis of Modern English race？the earst people known in Britain were nomads(游牧民族)from mainland EuropeIn the Old Stone Age(旧石器时代)，followed by Neolithic(新石器时代)Iberians(伊比利亚)和the Beaker Folk(比克人)in the Bronze Age青铜时代)9.the contributions made by anglo-saxons to the English st

5、ate？。established Old Englishlaid the foundations of the English state。divided the country into shirescreated the wit an to advise the king(the basis of the cabinet)10.different invaders？First invasionin 55 BC，juius CaesarSecondCaesars second raid in 54 BCThird and finalin 43 ad、emperor claudius、fina

6、l and successful Roman invasion of Britain(recorded)Leftin 410，german IC barbarian attack Rome，forcing Roman troops to leave Britain，and thus ending its occupation of the island历史9.who is known as“the father of the British navy”？Sir Francis Drake10.the Norman conquest and its conequenceThe Norman Co

7、nquest (1066-1071)fuse : Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January，1066。Harold was chosen to be king。William，duke of norandy，Heard the news of Harold s coronation，He got very angry and claimed that He had the sole right to be king of enengduke William led army and landed on the coast。the two ara

8、mies met at Hastings。Consequences:v it increated the process of feudalism。v William establish a strong monarchy in England。V He introduced new ideas in laws。V It brought changes in the church。v the French language came along with the normalans。11.when was the feudal system established in England？(封建

9、制度)Under William，the feudal system was completed establish。Medieval Britain (1066-1485)12.Who signed Great Charter？金约翰(马格纳卡塔签名)13.great charter (time、contents、nature)Time: Magna Carta 1215Contents:(内容)A.the king was not to exact payments from the feudal vassals without their consort；B.the laws were

10、not to be modified by the arbitrary action of the king；C.should the king attempt to free himself from law，the vassals had the right to force the king to obey it，by civil war or by otherwise。Nature: a feudal document14.The Hundred Years Wartime : intermittent ly from 1337 to 1453countries : France an

11、d Britainfactors : partly territorial and partly economicthe English kings wanted to get back the lost land in France。the economic interests of England and France clashed in Flanders。new national concisousness of Englandfuse : French throne successon Edward iii claimed the French crown。the French re

12、fused to recognize the claim。throe outstanding stagess of the warA.at first the English were brilliantly successful。B.亨利v renewed the war in 1415 and he was recognized to the French throne in 1420。C.after Henry vs death in 1422，the French，encouraged by Joan of arc，their national heroine，drove the En

13、glish out of France。two decisive reasons for French to win :effective use of guns“Joan of Arc”.Significance:the war was very expeensive and it cost the English great deal of death，wealth and property，thus the feudal rule was weakened in the war。Effects of the war:After this war，the ruling normalans

14、began to :A.regard England as their home。B.regard themselves as belongings to the English nation。C.restablish English(language)as their official language。D.make effort to try to develop their industry(the expesion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries；the superior s

15、ize and wealth of France would have hindered the development of separate English national identity，While French national identity）15 15.The War of Roses (1455 - 1485)rival groups:the house of Lancaster the house of Yorkthe name of the war:the lancastria ns wore the badge of the red rose and the york

16、ists wore the badge of the white rose，so the war got such a name nature of the war: feudal civil war，for power and wealth，for the possession of the crown.Reason:In the hundred years war，the loss was great。so the war-like nobles wanted to recoup for the loss，Thus they all wanted to getpower。The English nobles began to be divided and began to support different groups，in such a situation，The war