学术英语(社科)Unit 4.ppt

1、学术英语社科,AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences,4,Weliveinaworldtodaythatisincreasinglymorecomplex.Whyarethelivingconditionsofourtimessodifferentfromthoseofearliertimes?Howwillourliveschangeinthefuture?Thesearethequestionsthatleadustothestudyofsociology.,TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandP

2、eople,UnitContents,Lead-in,TextA,TextB,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Lead-in,TaskListentoatalktwiceandcompletethefollowingnotes.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,1Thequestionsthespeakerraisesinthetalkare:aWhydoeseveryone_?bWhycantpeople_?cWhyisshespendinghermoney_?dWhydoesntthegovernment_?eWhyisthestate

3、_ina_?fWhataboutthat_?2Sociologistsstudy_,lookfor_.,needanSUV,carpool,onlotterytickets,investmoreinpublictransportation,runningalottery,conveniencestore,cupofpremiumcoffeeyoubought,socialpatternsthatmanypeopleshare,organizedandgoverned,rootcausesofsuchsocialpatternsinthewaysocietyis,TextA,Criticalre

4、adingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurpose,SpecializedvocabularyCollocationsFormalandinformalEnglishSignpostlanguage,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysisHowdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?,Tragicmassm

5、urderatColumbineHighSchoolEthniccleansingWarinKosovoHowdotheauthorsdescribetheworldwelivetodayin?awashwithchange,markedbydeepconflicts,tensions,socialdivisions;markedbythedestructiveonslaughtofmoderntechnology,1Introducethetopicofsociologybyusingtheexample.,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA,Un

6、it4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysis2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,natureandhavingnoconnectionwithmarriage.e.g.IntheMiddleageandforcenturiesafterward(Para.6),Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,natu

7、reteachustotrytoidentifygeneralpatternsofbehaviorandbesystematicinexplainingthesocialinfluencesonthesepatterns.,Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature“thinkourselvesaway”from_.,themanew,Thestudyofsociology,Howtothinksoc

8、iologically?,theimagination,thefamiliarroutinesofourdailylivesinordertolookat,Task2Answerthefollowingquestions.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,1Howdoestheauthordescribetheworldweliveintoday?2WhydoestheauthorraisethethreequestionsinParagraph2?3Whydop

9、eoplefallinloveaccordingtotheauthors?4WhydidmenandwomenmarryintheMiddleAges?,Theauthordescribesthattheworldweliveintodayisintenselyworrying,yetfullofthemostextraordinarypromiseforthefuture.,Theauthorwantstoshowuswhatistheprimeconcernofsociology.,Becauseloveexpressesmutualphysicalandpersonalattachmen

10、ttwoindividualsfeelforoneanother.,Mainlyinordertokeeppropertyinthehandsoffamilyortoraisechildrentoworkthefamilyfarm.,Task2Answerthefollowingquestions.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,5Wheredidromanticlovemakeitsfirstappearance?6Howweretherelationsbet

11、weenhusbandandwifeamongaristocraticgroups?,Itsfirstappearancemadeincourtlycircles.,Therelationsarecoolanddistant.,Task2Answerthefollowingquestions.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,7Whatisbasictothesociologicaloutlook?8Whatarethedifferencesbetweenordi

12、narypeopleandsociologistsinexplainingthemassmurderatColumbineHighSchool?,Understandingthesubtleyetcomplexandprofoundwaysinwhichourindividuallivesreflectthecontextsofoursocialexperienceisbasictothesociologicaloutlook.,OrdinarypeoplesexplanationsfocusonthesocialcausesofviolenceintheUnitedStates,wherea

13、ssociologistscanbringanevendeeperunderstanding.Forexample,sociologistsmightstudyothermassmurdersandconsideriftherewasapatterninthegroupcharacteristics.,Task3InParagraph12,theauthorsroughlyexplainhowasociologistwouldstudytheColumbineHighSchoolmassacre.Supposeyouwereasociologist,workinpairsandexaminet

14、hecase.Youmay:,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,1SearchtheInternetformoreinformationaboutthemassmurder,theU.S.younggeneration,theirlivingconditionsetc.2Explorethecaselikeasociologist.3Haveadiscussionaboutitwithyourpartner.4Reportyourfindingstotheclass

15、.,Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.Workinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologistsview.Thinkabout:,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Whatiscoffee?Whatdoesitsymbolize?,Coffeeisnotjustarefreshment.Itpossessessymbolicvalueaspartof

16、ourday-to-daysocialactivities.Oftentheritualassociatedwithcoffeedrinkingismuchmoreimportantthantheactofconsumingthedrinkitself.Twopeoplewhoarrangetomeetforcoffeeareprobablymoreinterestedingettingtogetherandchattingthaninwhattheyactuallydrink.,Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.W

17、orkinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologistsview.Thinkabout:,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Whataretherelationsbetweencoffeedrinkersandthepeopleinvolvedintheproduction,transport,anddistributionofcoffee?,Anindividualwhodrinksacupofcoffeeiscaughtu

18、pinacomplicatedsetofsocialandeconomicrelationshipsstretchingacrosstheworld.Theproduction,transport,anddistributionofcoffeerequirecontinuoustransactionsbetweenpeoplethousandsofmilesawayfromthecoffeedrinker.Studyingsuchglobaltransactionsisanimportanttaskofsociology,sincemanyaspectsofourlivesarenowaffe

19、ctedbyworldwidesocialinfluencesandcommunications.,Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.Workinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologistsview.Thinkabout:,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,WhatdoestheChinesepeoplesactofsippingacupofcof

20、feeremindyouof?(e.g.socialandeconomicdevelopment,Westernlifestyles,originofcoffeeetc.),Theactofsippingacupofcoffeepresumesawholeprocessofpastsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Alongwithothernow-familiaritemsofWesterndietsliketea,bananas,potatoes,andwhitesugarcoffeeonlybecamewidelyconsumedfromthelate1800s.

21、AlthoughthedrinkoriginatedintheMiddleEast,itsmassconsumptiondatesfromtheperiodofWesterncolonialexpansionaboutacenturyandahalfago.,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Specializedvocabulary,TranslatethefollowingsociologicaltermsfromEnglishintoChineseorviceversa.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPe

22、ople,1socialdivision2socialbeing3intellectuallife4humanemotion5socialclass6人类的社会生活,社会分工,社会人,精神生活,人类情感,社会阶级,humansociallife,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Specializedvocabulary,TranslatethefollowingsociologicaltermsfromEnglishintoChineseorviceversa.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,7全

23、球的社会进程8婚姻幸福9公共场所10和他人交往11社会环境12行为模式13文化背景,socializewithothers,globalsocialprocess,maritalhappiness,culturalbackground,publicplaces,socialcontext,patternsofbehavior,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Specializedvocabulary,Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthetermsinthebox.

24、,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,culturalbackgroundintellectuallifemaritalhappinesspatternofbehaviorpublicplacesocialclass,1Thisstudyexaminestheeffectsof_ontheacceptationofinformationandcommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountries.2_isajudgmentmadebyaspousethatindicatesthesenseofwell-beingorsatisfa

25、ctionheorsheexperiencesinthemaritalrelationship.3Whensociologiststalkof_,theyrefertoagroupofindividualswhooccupyasimilarpositionintheeconomicsystemofproduction.,culturalbackground,Maritalhappiness,socialclass,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Specializedvocabulary,Completethefollowings

26、entenceswiththecorrectformofthetermsinthebox.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,culturalbackgroundintellectuallifemaritalhappinesspatternofbehaviorpublicplacesocialclass,4Ifweunderstandthatachildworkstoperfecttheadultsheorhewillbecome,thenwemustlookatthe_thatemergeinchildhoodasindicatorsoftheadultpers

27、onality.5Itisnowcommonpracticeforsmokingtobebannedinworkplacessuchasofficesandinotherenclosed_suchascinemas,busesandtrains.6YaleLawSchoolenhancesthe_ofitsacademiccommunitybysponsoringavarietyofcenters,programs,andworkshops,inspiredbytheinterestsofitsfacultyandstudents.,patternofbehavior,publicplaces

28、,intellectuallife,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task2Signpostlanguage,Completethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionslistedabove.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,1Anewsecuritysystemwasinstalled._,extraguardswerehired.2_,Iwouldliketothankallthosepeoplewh

29、ohelpedmaketheconferencesuchasuccess.3_catchingerrors,object-orientedsystemscansheltertheuserfromthecomplexityofdealingwithlotsofdifferentkindsofdata.4_,Jackwouldnotallowit,and_,Idontthinkmomwouldlikeitmucheither.,Inaddition,Finally,Inadditionto,second,First,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswer

30、s,Task2Signpostlanguage,Completethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionslistedabove.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,5Herearesomequickhintsthatcanhelpmakerevisioneasier._,setyourfirstdraftasideforawhile.Youcanthencomebacktothedraftwithafresh,moreobjectivepointofview.

31、_,inrevisingapaper,youshouldreadandrereaditseveraltimes,foritisimpossibletonoticealltheerrorsandthingsthatneedchanginginoneortwohastyreadings._,asyoureadyourpaper,addyourthoughtsandchangesabovethelinesorinthemarginsofyourpaper.Yourwrittencommentscanserveasaguidewhenyouworkonthenextdraft.,Finally,Fir

32、st,Second,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task3FormalEnglish,Replacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.,1Romanticlovefirstmadeitsappearanceincourtlycirclesasacharacteristicofextramaritalsexualadventuresindulgedinbymembersofthearistocracy.,appeared,Ke

33、y:,2Abriefexamplewillprovideaninitialtasteofthenatureandobjectivesofsociology.,Key:,goals,3Thetheorymightassertthathighinflationariseswhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.,Key:,appears,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task3FormalEnglish,Replacetheunderlinedwo

34、rdsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.,4Sociologydemonstratestheneedtotakeamuchbroaderviewofwhyweareasweare,andwhyweactaswedo.,shows,Key:,5SomecountriesareindustrializingandmaysuffersomeofthedisruptionsthatanalogouspartsoftheWestencounteredatsimilarstagesoftheirdevelopmentearlyi

35、nthe20thcentury.,Key:,met,6Learningtothinksociologicallylooking,inotherwords,atthebroaderviewmeanscultivatingtheimagination.,Key:,developing,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Languagebuilding-up,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task3FormalEnglish,Replacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthatar

36、emoredaily-life.,7weneedtoimagine,forexample,whattheexperienceofsexandmarriageislikeforpeoplethemajorityofhumankinduntilrecentlytowhomidealsofromanticloveappearalienorevenabsurd.,strange,Key:,8Studyingsociologycannotbejustaroutineprocessofacquiringknowledge.,Key:,gaining,9Thesociologicalimaginationr

37、equiresus,aboveall,to“thinkourselvesaway”fromthefamiliarroutinesofourdailylivesinordertolookatthemanew.,Key:,inanewway,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextB,CriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurpose,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,

38、Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysis,Whatisthemainreasonaccordingtosociologists?,Thesociologicaldebate:thegenderpaygap,Sexsegregationorgendertyping.,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysis,Sexsegregationthefactthatmenandwomenareconcentratedindifferentocc

39、upationse.g.In1989jobsthatwereover80percentfemaleandjobsthatwereover80percentmakeareasfollows:,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysis,Thegendercompositionofajobisassociatedwiththepayreceivedforthatjob.Jobspaylessiftheycontainahigherproportionoffemales.AnEqualPa

40、yActin1963hasdonelittletoeradicatepaydifferencesattributabletogender.,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextAnalysis,Howoccupationalsegregationleadstoagendergapinpay?,Sociologistsandeconomistsdifferintheirexplanations.,TextB,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSo

41、cietyandPeople,TextAnalysis,TextB,Difficultsentences,Thereasonthatsexsegregationisproblematicisbecausethegendercompositionofajobisassociatedwiththepayreceivedforthatjob.(Para.4),Ifthereissexsegregationinoccupationsthenthepayreceivedforcertainjobsarenotbasedontheintrinsicvalueoftheworkbutonthegenderc

42、omposition,thatistosay,ifanoccupationispredominantlyfemale,thejobsarepaidless.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextB,Difficultsentences,Centraltothisargumentistheassumptionthatwomensprimaryallegianceistohomeandfamily;thustheyseekundemanding“dead-end”jobsthatrequirelittlepersonalinvestmentintrainingo

43、rskillsacquisitionsothattheycanbettertendtotheirhouseholdresponsibilities.(Para.7),Themainassumptionbehindtheargumentisthatwomentrytofindjobsthatarenotchallenging,andarenotpromisingbecausesuchjobsdonotdemandmuchtrainingandskills.Theydothisbecausetheywanttodevotemuchoftheirtimeandenergytohouseholdwor

44、k.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,TextB,Difficultsentences,girlsmaychooseoccupationssuchasteacherornurse,whichareviewedascompatiblewith“feminine”traitssuchaswarmthornurturance.(Para.8),girlsmaychoosejobssuchasteacherornurse.Thesejobsareregardedassuitableforgirlsastheyfitthedescriptionsofwarmthornur

45、turancewhichareoftenassociatedwithwomen.,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Specializedvocabulary,TextB,Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose,genderpaygapsexsegregationgendertypingpublicpolicymakerhumancapitalSocializationgenderrolegenderideology,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,性别隔离,性别特征,人力资本,男女收入差距,决策人,社会

46、化,性别角色,性别意识,Collocation,TextB,Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose,bedisadvantagedbyeradicatepaydifferencesbeattributabletoformalschoolingonseveralgroundsbecompatiblewithprovidebackpay,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,Task1Economistsandsociologistsdifferintheirexplanationsofhowoccupationalsexsegregation

47、leadstoagendergapinpay.Workinpairsandcompletethetableabouthowtheydiffer.,TextB,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit4TheStudyofSocietyandPeople,theconstraintswomenface,theory,humancapital,humancapitaltheory,selectoccupationsthatare,easytomoveinandoutof,undemandingjobs,choosingoccupations,blocking