如何写英文摘要.ppt

1、Abstract,DefinitionofanabstractComponentsofanabstractStylisticConsiderationsUsefulsentencepatternsKeywordsinanabstract,Anabstractisaconcisesummaryofalargerdocumentthesis,essay,book,researchreport,journalpublication,etc.thathighlightsmajorpointscoveredinthework,conciselydescribesthecontentandscopeoft

2、hewriting,identifiesthemethodologyused,andthefindings,conclusions,orintendedresults.,1.Itshouldstatethemainobjectiveandrationaleofyourproject.Thefirstfewsentencesofyourabstractshouldstatetheproblemyousetouttosolveortheissueyousetouttoexploreandexplainyourrationaleormotivationforpursuingtheproject.Th

3、eproblemorissuemightbearesearchquestion,agapincriticalattentiontoatext,asocietalconcern,etc.thepurposeofyourstudyistosolvethisproblemand/oraddtoyourdisciplinesunderstandingoftheissue.,2.Itshouldoutlinethemethodsyouneedtoaccomplishyourobjectives.Thissectionshouldexplainhowyouwentaboutsolvingtheproble

4、morexploringtheissueyouidentifiedasyourmainobjectives.Forasocialscienceresearchproject,thissectionshouldincludeaconcisedescriptionoftheprocessbywhichyouconductedyourresearch.Forahumanitiesproject,itshouldmakenoteofanytheoreticalframeworkormethodologicalassumptions.,3.Itshouldlistyourprojectsresults.

5、Thissectionoftheabstractshouldlisttheresultsoroutcomesoftheworkyouhavedonesofar.Ifyourprojectisnotyetcomplete,youmaystillwanttoincludepreliminaryresultsoryourhypothesesaboutwhatthoseresultswillbe.,4.Itshoulddrawconclusionsabouttheimplicationsofyourproject.Theabstractshouldclosewithastatementofthepro

6、jectsimplicationsandcontributionstoitsfield.Itshouldconvincereadersthattheprojectisinteresting,valuable,andworthinvestigatingfurther.,Tense:英语摘要的时态多采用一般现在时或一般过去时。介绍论文的研究背景、研究目的和意义时，在阐述研究内容、研究结果的价值和意义、结论以及提出讨论或建议时，应该用现在时。在阐述研究方法或研究过程时，如：表述实验过程，以及在这些过程中所观察到的现象或得到的数据应用过去时。,Voiceandperson:在摘要写作中，人们趋于用被动

7、语态，因为它能避免提及有关研究者，减少主观因素，使行文显得客观。被动语态句子在结构上有较大调节性，有利于采用恰当的修辞手法，扩大句子信息量。绝大多数英文摘要都使用第三人称(但不使用he和she)，间或出现theauthor(s),thewriter(s)和第一人称“we”，即使原文献作者只有一人，也宜用“we”而不宜用“I”。,英文摘要是属于规范而严肃的书面文体，它要避免使用任何带有感情色彩的修饰词汇，同时应避免使用模棱两可的情态动词，诸如might,could等词语。摘要自身要完整，可以不依附于文献而独立存在。它应尽可能多地包含文献的信息，最好能保持文献的基调和风格。从修辞上讲，应是开门见山

8、，准确简练。从结构上讲，尽量不要使用复杂的长句，应广泛使用非谓语动词和被动语态。,描述目的：,Thechiefmajormainprimaryprincipal,paperthesisarticlestudysurveyprojectresearchinvestigationpresentwork,investigatediscussevaluateexaminedeterminemeasureexplainobtainoutlinerevealthecauseof,aimgoalobjectiveobjectproposalpurpose,ofthisthe,isto,描述观察角度：1.fr

9、helightofthecontextthat3.toviewsomethingatadifferentangle/fromvariousangles4.fromthepointofviewof5.fromtheperspectiveof,描绘方法：1.Detailedinformationhasbeenacquiredbytheauthorsusing2.Thisisatheorybasedontheideathat3.Severalsetsofexperimentshavebeenperformedtotestthevalidityof4.Themetho

10、dusedinourstudyisknownas5.Thetechniquetheauthoradoptedisreferredtoas6.Theapproachtakenintheinvestigationiscalled7.Theexperimentsconsistedoffoursteps,whicharedescribedin,描述结果：1.Theresultsshow/indicatethat2.Theresultsareasfollows:3.Theanalysisofthesamplesindicatesthat4.Wefoundthat5.Data/observationssu

11、ggestedthat6.Itisshownthat7.Theoutcomehasprovedthat.8.Basedon/upontheoutcome/findings/resultsoftheresearch,theauthorsuggeststhat9.Thedataobtainedseemtobeverysimilartothosereportedearlierby,描述结论：1.Thisisparticularlytrueof2.Itiswidely/universally/generallyacceptedthat3.Itcanbeconcluded/acknowledgedtha

12、t4.Theexamination/investigationprovesthat5.Insummingupitmaybestatedthat6.Allthepreliminaryresultsthrowlightonthenatureof7.Thesefindingsoftheresearchhavenaturallyledtheauthortotheconclusionthat,关键词是为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选取出来用以表示全文主题内容信息款目的单词或术语。它是反映文章最主要内容的术语，是检索论文内容、获取相关信息的便捷方式，一般附在摘要之后，对文献检索有重要作用。正确标引关键词首先要注意从文献的题名、摘要、层次标语、结语中选用最能揭示和描述文献主题概念的词或词组，通常从论文的标题和摘要中选择确定，其次对选出的词或词组进行规范化处理，使之符合检索要求。,“关键词”通常用“Keywords”和“KeyWords”，也有用“KeywordIndex