第一讲 孔丘《论语》.ppt

1、孔子论语英译本选读,孔子(公元前551一479年),名丘，字仲尼，是中国历史上春秋时代末期的一位文化巨人，伟大的哲学家、教育家和儒家学说创始人。他对中国文化的影响，其时间之长、程度之深，是中国历史上任何人都无法比拟的。,论语,中国传统文化的精髓是儒学，儒学最为重要的思想体现在论语中。因此，研究论语的译介工作，对于将中国传统文化推向世界具有极其重要的意义。,美国总统奥巴马在上海的演讲辞,中国有句名言：“温故而知新。”当然，过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战，我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。,ThereisaChineseproverb:Considerthepast,andyoushallknow

2、thefuture.Surely,wehaveknownsetbacksandchallengesoverthelast30years.Ourrelationshiphasnotbeenwithoutdisagreementanddifficulty.,温故而知新，可以为师矣。,译文一,TheMastersaid：“Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge，soascontinuallytobeacquiringnew，hemaybeateacherofothers.”tr.JamesLegge,译文二,TheMastersaid,Hewhobyreanimat

3、ingtheOldcangainknowledgeoftheNewisfittobeateacher.tr.ArthurWaley,译文三,TheMastersaid,“amanisworthyofbeingateacherwhogetstoknowwhatisnewbykeepingfreshinhismindwhatheisalreadyfamiliarwith.”tr.D.C.Lau,问：总统先生，下午好。我来自同济大学。我想引用孔子的一句话：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。在论语中有一句名言叫“和而不同”。中国倡导一个和谐世界。我们知道美国形成了一种以多元化为特点的文化，请问您的这届政府会

4、采取哪些措施来建设一个由不同文化组成的多元化世界？您会采取哪些措施尊重其他国家不同的文化和历史？我们将来能进行哪些合作？,美国总统奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话,Mr.President,goodafternoon.ImfromTongjiUniversity.IwanttociteasayingfromConfucius:Itisalwaysgoodtohaveafriendcomingfromafar.InConfuciusbooks,thereisagreatsayingwhichsaysthatharmonyisgood,butalsoweupholddifferences.Chinaad

5、vocatesaharmoniousworld.WeknowthattheUnitedStatesdevelopsaculturethatfeaturesdiversity.Iwanttoknow,whatwillyourgovernmentdotobuildadiversifiedworldwithdifferentcultures?Whatwouldyoudotorespectthedifferentculturesandhistoriesofothercountries?Andwhatkindsofcooperationwecanconductinthefuture?,有朋自远方来，不亦

6、乐乎,Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromfarquarters？JamesLegge理雅各Agreaterpleasurestillitiswhenfriendsofcongenialmindscomefromafartoseekyoubecauseofyourattainments.KuHweng-Ming辜鸿铭,有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎,Isitnotajoytohavefriendscomefromafar?D.C.LauThatfriendsshouldcometoonefromafar,isthisnotafteralldelightful

7、?ArthurWaley,论语英译,第一个具有广泛影响的英译本是英国著名汉学家理雅各(JamesLegge)的ConfucianAnalects，收入1861年出版的中国经典第一卷。,辜鸿铭,理雅各和辜鸿铭译本比较研究,1.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”,理雅各译本：,TheMastersaid,Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication？Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters？Ishenot

8、amanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim？,辜鸿铭译本：,Confuciusremarked,Itisindeedapleasuretoacquireknowledgeandasyougoonacquiring,toputintopracticewhatyouhaveacquired.Agreaterpleasurestillitiswhenfriendsofcongenialmindscomefromafartoseekyoubecauseofyourattainments.Butheistr

9、ulyawiseandgoodmanwhofeelsnodiscomposureevenwhenheisnotnoticedofmen.,2.子曰:“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”,理雅各译本,TheMastersaid,Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.Atthirty,Istoodfirm.Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.Atfifty,IknewthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftr

10、uth.Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright.,辜鸿铭译本：,Confuciusremarked,AtfifteenIhadmadeupmymindtogivemyselfuptoseriousstudies.Atthirty,Ihadformedmyopinionsandjudgment.AtfortyIhadnomoredoubts.AtfiftyIunderstoodthetruthinreligion.AtsixtyIcouldunderstandwhateverIheardw

11、ithoutexertion.AtseventyIcouldfollowwhatevermyheartdesiredwithouttransgressingthelaw.,3.子曰:“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。”,理雅各译本：,TheMastersaid,Hewhoaimstobeamanofcompletevirtueinhisfooddoesnotseektogratifyhisappetite,norinhisdwellingplacedoesheseektheappliancesofease;heisearnestinwhatheisdoing

12、,andcarefulinhisspeech;hefrequentsthecompanyofmenofprinciplethathemayberectified:suchapersonmaybesaidindeedtolovetolearn.,辜鸿铭译本：,Confuciusremarked,Awiseandgoodman,inmattersoffood,shouldneverseektoindulgehisappetite;inlodging,heshouldnotbetoosolicitousofcomfort.Heshouldbediligentinbusinessandcarefuli

13、nspeech.Heshouldseekforthecompanyofmenofvirtueandlearning,inordertoprofitbytheirlessonsandexample.Inthiswayhemaybecomeamanofrealculture.,4.子曰:“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。”,理雅各译本：,TheMastersaid,Hewhoexercisesgovernmentbymeansofhisvirtuemaybecomparedtothenorthpolarstar,whichkeepsitsplaceandallthestarsturntowa

14、rdsit.,辜鸿铭译本：,Confuciusremarked,Hewhorulesthepeople,dependinguponthemoralsentiment,islikethePole-star,whichkeepsitsplacewhilealltheotherstarsrevolveroundit.,5.曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”,理雅各译本：,ThephilosopherTsangsaid,Idailyexaminemyselfonthreepoints：whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Im

15、ayhavebeennotfaithful;一whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;一whetherImayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructionsofmyteachers.,辜鸿铭译本：,AdiscipleofConfuciusremarked,Idailyexamineintomypersonalconductonthreepoints:一First,whetherincarryingoutthedutiesentrustedtomebyothers,Ihavenotfai

16、ledinconscientiousness;Secondly,whetherinintercoursewithfriends,Ihavenotfailedinsincerityandtrustworthiness;Thirdly,whetherIhavenotfailedtopracticewhatIprofessinmyteaching.,6.子曰:“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。”,理雅各译本：,TheMastersaid,Letthewillbesetonthepathofduty.Leteveryattainmentinwhatisgoodbefirmlygrasped.Letpe

17、rfectvirtuebeaccordedwith.Letrelaxationandenjoymentbefoundinthepolitearts.,辜鸿铭译本：,Confuciussaidtohisdisciples,Seekforwisdom;holdfasttogodliness;liveamorallife;andenjoythepleasuresderivedfromthepursuitofthepolitearts.,理雅各与辜鸿铭论语译本特色总结,一、理雅各译本的特点,博涉约取，理解透彻深入紧扣原文，语义翻译译注结合，凸显学术性,二、理雅各译本的不足,行文古涩呆板，文体止于可读误

18、解和误译语篇缺乏衔接,三、理雅各译本的地位,作为19世纪英国著名的汉学家，理雅各是西方汉学研究中里程碑式的人物。他历时40余载，完成了五巨册的中国经典，使儒家的主要经典有了完整的英译本，并且每书都附有详尽的、高度学术性的注释，这在中学西传的历史上是绝无仅有的，是任何一个汉学家、翻译家，也包括辜鸿铭，都不可比拟的。,一、辜鸿铭论语译本特色,理解深入，意译为主流畅自然，各自成章删除专名，弄巧成拙,二、辜鸿铭译本的地位,在国内，人们对辜鸿铭儒经翻译的评价径渭分明：以王国维、胡适为代表的评论家持否定的态度，大加鞭挞；以林语堂为代表的评论家却持赞美肯定的态度，推崇备至。,翻译练习与讲解,子曰:“当仁，不

19、让于师。”子曰:“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”子曰:“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”子曰:“三人行，必有我师焉:择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”子曰:“由，诲女知之乎!知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”,子曰:“君子耻其言而过其行。”子曰:“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。”子曰:“君子矜而不争，群而不党。”子曰:“君子不以言举人;不以人废言。”子贡问曰:“有一言而可以终身行之者乎？”子曰:“其恕乎!己所不欲，勿施于人。”,1.子曰:“当仁，不让于师。”,理译:TheMastersaid,“Leteverymanconsidervirtueaswhatdevolvesonhimself。Hema

20、ynotyieldtheperformanceofiteventohisteacher。”辜译:Confuciusremarked,“Whenthequestionisoneofmorality,amanneednotdefertohisteacher.”,2.子曰:“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”,理译:TheMastersaid,“Ifamaninthemorningheartherightway,hemaydieintheeveningwithoutregret.”辜译:Confuciusremarked,“Whenamanhaslearnedwisdominthemorning,hemaybec

21、ontenttodieintheeveningbeforethesunset.”,3.子曰:“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”,理译:TheMastersaid,“Whilehisparentsarealive,thesonmaynotgoabroadtoadistance.Ifhedoesgoabroad,hemusthaveafixedplacetowhichhegoes.”辜译:Confuciusremarked,“Whilehisparentsareliving,asonshouldnotgofarabroad;ifhedoes,heshouldletthemknowwherehegoes

22、.,4.子曰:“三人行，必有我师焉:择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”,理译:TheMastersaid,WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.,辜译:Confuciusremarked,Whenthreemenmeettogether,oneofthemwhoisanxioustolearncanalwayslearnsomethingoftheothertwo.Hecanpr

23、ofitbythegoodexampleoftheoneandavoidthebadexampleoftheother.,5.子曰:“由，诲女知之乎!知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”,理译:TheMastersaid,Yu,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit;一thisisknowledge.,辜译:Confuciussaidtoadisciple,ShallIteachyouwhatisu

24、nderstanding?Toknowwhatitisthatyouknow,andtoknowwhatitisthatyoudonotknow，一thatisunderstanding.,6、子曰:“君子耻其言而过其行。”,理译:TheMastersaid,Thesuperiormanismodestinhisspeech,butexceedsinhisactions.“辜译:Confuciusremarked,Awisemanisashamedtosaymuch;hepreferstodomore.,7、子曰:“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。”,理译:TheMastersaid,T

25、hedeterminedscholarandthemanofvirtuewillnotseektoliveattheexpenseofinjuringtheirvirtue.Theywillevensacrificetheirlivestopreservetheirvirtuecomplete.“辜译:Confuciusremarked,Agentlemanofspiritoramanofmoralcharacterwillnevertrytosavehislifeattheexpenseofhismoralcharacter:hepreferstosacrificehislifeinordertosavehismoralcharacter.,8、子曰:“君子矜而不争，群而不党。”,理译:TheMastersaid,Thesuperiormanisdignified,butdoesnotwrangle.Heissociable,butnotapartisan.“辜译:Confuciusremarked,Awisemanisproudbutnotvain;heissociable,butbelongsto