大学英语综合教程4Unit 5

1、.,Unit 5 Cruelty,.,introduction,Pre-reading Tasks While-reading Tasks Post-reading Tasks Leisure Time,.,1. Easy to Be Hard by Three Dog Night (P.331 for script),The name came from an Australian expression referring to it being so cold that one would need three dogs for warmth.,In the years 1969 thro

2、ugh 1974, no other group had more top 10 hits, moved more records or sold more concert tickets - .,.,2. Listen to the recording,Is it easy to be hard, easy to be cold towards others? The singer of the song you are about to hear thinks that too many people are cruel and have no feelings. His particul

3、ar target is those who claim to care about large causes, the poor and underprivileged, at the same time as they are ready to ignore the needs of their friends. From the song, it sounds as if he has one particular friend in mind, a friend-perhaps a girl?-who seems to care more for social causes than

4、she does for him. But whatever the reason, he complains that too many people find it all too “easy to be cold, easy to say no.” Listen and see whether you agree with him or not.,.,1) Why do some people tend to be heartless and cruel? Were they born that way or did circumstances harden them? 2) Do so

5、me people care too much for people in general and forget the needs of their closest friends? 3).What is the singer complaining about? 4).Does the song give you any idea of what the stories in this unit will be about?,3. think over the following Questions,.,What are the determine forces in shaping hu

6、man nature? Genes; Family; Parenting; Schooling; Peers; Socioeconomic factors; ,4. Rank activity,?,Nature Vs. Nurture,.,Unit Five A Friend In Need by Somerset Maugham,.,1.Cultural notes,.,British novelist, playwright, short-story writer, highest paid author in the world in the 1930s. Despite his pop

7、ularity, Maugham did not gain serious recognition he stood “in the very first row of the second-raters”. Maughams skill in handling plot has been compared by critics in the manner of Guy de Maupassant.,Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965),.,I have never pretended to be anything but a story teller. It ha

8、s amused me to tell stories and I have told a great many. It is a misfortune for me that the telling of a story just for the sake of the story is not an activity that is in favor with the intelligentsia. (Creatures of Circumstance, 1947),Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965),.,He was born in Paris as the

9、 youngest son of the solicitor to the British embassy. He learned French as his native tongue. At the age of 10 Maugham was orphaned. Maugham studied medicine at Heidelberg University and in London. He qualified in 1897 as doctor from St. Thomas medical school but abandoned medicine after the succes

10、s of his first novels and plays.,Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965),.,OF HUMAN BONDAGE (1915) 人性的枷锁 THE MOON AND SIX PENCE (1919) 月亮和六便士 THE TREMBLING OF A LEAF (1921) 叶之颤抖 ON CHINESE SCREEN (1922) 中国见闻录 THE PAINTED VEIL (1925) 彩色的面纱 CAKES AND ALE (1925) 寻欢作乐 ,威廉 萨默塞特 毛姆,.,2. Text organization (p169),

11、.,Part I. Para 1 It is no easy job to judge people for they arent always what they appear to be. Part II. Paras 2-3 Kind and gentle, Edward Burton ,a wealthy merchant, seemed as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. Part III. Paras 4-51 As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend

12、 to certain death.,.,For Part III: Section Division,Section one 4-16 : What Edward knew about Lenny. Section Two 17-31: How Edward respond to Lennys request. Section Three 32-51: How Edward a ”kind” gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of help.,.,3. Language study,.,Part I (Para. 1),It is n

13、o easy job to judge people, for they arent always what they appear to be. 1. deceptive (p.160) 2. to shrug (ones) shoulders (L.2),.,Part II (Paras. 2-3),Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. 3. merchant (L. 7) 4. in business (L. 8 ) 5. de

14、finite (L.12) 6. station (L. 16 ) 7. dry (L. 22) 8.affectionate (L. 26) 9. benign ( L. 29),.,Part III (Para3. 4-51),As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death. the story can be subdivided into 3 sections: Section 1: Para3. 4-16 Section 2: Para3. 17-31 Section

15、3: Para3. 32-51,.,Section 1 (Para3. 4-16),What Edward knew about Lenny 10 . frail ( L. 35) 11. lounge (L. 37),.,Section 2 (Para3. 17-31),How Edward respond to Lennys request 12. he was all to pieces ( L. 85),.,Section 3 (Para3. 32-51),How Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend in desperate nee

16、d of help 13. on account of (L. 105) 14. creek (L116) 15. “ Done!” ( L.118) 16. dissipation (L.124),.,1. deceptive (p.160),adj. deceiving or intend to deceive n. deception v. deceive,.,1. deceptive (p.160),e.g. Appearances are deceptive. The newspapers promised not to run deceptive ads in the future

17、. The company was charged with deceptive advertising for a number of products. The play is also an observation about the deceptive nature of appearances. deceptively adv. deceptiveness n.,.,1. deceptive (p.160),Deceive implies imposing a false idea or belief that causes confusion, bewilderment, or h

18、elplessness ant. Undeceive, enlighten Mislead implies a leading astray from the truth that may or may not be intentional ,.,1. deceptive (p.160),Delude implies deceiving so thoroughly as to make one a fool or to make one unable to distinguish the false from the truth ant enlighten Beguile stress the

19、 use of charm and persuasion to deceive ,.,to raise (ones shoulder) esp. as an expression of doubt or lack of interest He shrugged ( his shoulder) saying he didnt know and didnt care.,2. to shrug (ones) shoulders (L.2),.,merchant n. a person who buys and sells goods, esp. in large amounts in foreign

20、 countries businessman n. a man in business, esp. as an owner or executive merchantman n. also merchant ship 1) a ship carrying goods for trade 2) Archaic a merchant merchant adj. of or used in trade; commercial merchant fleet merchant town,3. merchant (L. 7),.,1) 经商， 经营 He is in business himself. 2

21、) 开始工作 The 15-member committee is expected to be in business by early June. on business visit Africa on official business No admittance except on business,4. in business (L. 8 ),.,Definite stresses precise, clear statement or arrangement that leaves no uncertainty or indecision ant indefinite, equiv

22、ocal Explicit implies such verbal plainness and distinctness that there is no need for inference and no reason for ambiguity or difficulty in understanding ant. Ambiguous Express implies both explicitness and direct and forceful utterance Specific applies to what is precisely and fully referred to o

23、r treated in detail or particular ant vague,5. definite (L.12),.,n. of + U (lit.) ones position in life; social rank: She married beneath her station (= someone of lower rank) people in humble stations 地位低下的人们 all stations of life社会各阶层,6. station (L. 16 ),.,amusing without appearing to be so; quietl

24、y ironic I like his dry humor. dry wit,7. dry (L. 22),.,full of affection, tender and loving She was very affectionate to / with him affectation n. 1) behavior which is not ones natural manner: She is sincere and quite without affectation. 2) a feeling or manner that is pretended,8.affectionate (L.

25、26),.,affection suggests warm, tender feelings, usually not as powerful or deep as those implied by love love implies intense fondness or deep devotion and may apply to various relationships or objects ,8.affectionate (L. 26),.,adj: 1) having or showing a kind or gentle nature: a benign teacher/ exp

26、ression 2) med. (of disease) not dangerous to life, not malignant: A benign tumor can usually be cured. 3) favorable, beneficial: a benign effect a benign influence,9. benign ( L. 29),.,benign suggests a mild or kindly nature and is applied especially to a gracious superior rather than an equal ant:

27、 malign kind implies the possession of sympathetic or generous qualities, either habitually or specifically, or is applied to actions manifesting these ant: unkind kindly stresses more the expression of sympathetic nature, mood, or impulse ant: unkindly,9. benign ( L. 29),.,adj. Slenderer and delica

28、te; not robust; frail suggests an inherent or constitutional delicacy or weakness, so as to be easily broken or shattered weak the broadest in application of these words, basically implied a lack of inferiority of physical, mental or moral strength feeble suggests a pitiable weakness or ineffectiven

29、ess infirm suggests a loss of strength or soundness, as through illness or age ,10 . frail ( L. 35),.,11. lounge (L. 37),a comfortable room for sitting in, as in a house, hotel, or inn: arrivals lounges in principal airports v. 1) to stand or sit in a leaning lazy manner : lounge against the wall; l

30、ounge on a sofa 2) to pass (time) in a lazy manner, doing nothing: She lounged the afternoon away at the beach. He lounged away the day reading,.,1) to break into pieces; fall apart The ship went to pieces on the rock. The economy of that country went to pieces. 2) to lose all-self-control, morally

31、or emotionally She went to pieces when her husband died. of a (one) piece (with) pick up the pieces pick ( pull) to pieces,12. he was all to pieces ( L. 85),.,- because of resign on account of age on account - on a charge account: He owed $50 and sent me $10 on account. on no account - also not on a

32、ny account not under any circumstances: On no account should you go. on/for someones account - for someones sake I hope you didnt bring beer to the picnic just on my account.,13. on account of (L. 105),.,n. a small stream , somewhat larger than a brook brook, creek, stream.,14. creek (L116),.,=“Agre

33、ed!”; “I accept”! - “I ll give you $5 for it” -“Done!”,15. “ Done!” ( L.118),.,n. the continual search for foolish or dangerous pleasure a life of dissipation 放荡生活 dissipations of life 生活里种种无意义的消遣,16. dissipation (L.124),.,1. Text Analysis,.,Discuss the following questions,- What are your first impr

34、essions of title and Edward Burton? - How are they changed while you are reading on? - Which sentence reveals Burtons vicious nature to the full? - Would you interpret the title a bit differently from your earlier prediction? - Can you list some instances where the writing technique of contrast is u

35、sed? - Who narrates Part one and two, and who narrates part three? Why is such a difference?,.,Text Analysis,Maugham, the famous British short writer, shows us how powerful contrast is in delineating a persons character. Upon first seeing the title, readers may think: “ Oh, no. Another story about h

36、ow people helped their friend in need!” However, when they finish reading it, readers will find it is an entirely different story: Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need.,.,Text Analysis,Almost the entire Part two i

37、s devoted to the description of Edward Burtons kindly appearance and pleasant manners. Neither the “I” in the story nor readers could imagine him hurting a fly. Yet in Part Three Burton recounts cold-bloodedly how he destroyed a human life.,.,Text Analysis,Part One and Part Two are narrated by “I”,

38、who offers his subjective opinion of Burtons character. Yet in Part Three Burton himself takes over the narration to tell what happened between him and a friend in trouble. He sounds cool and objective; just because of this he is shown to be so vicious and so cold-blooded. When contrasts abound, it

39、is hard for readers to easily predict what will happen next.,.,Exercises for Unit 5,1.vocabulary exercises 2.useful expressions 3.translation,.,To be _, I dont think you have the talent to be a great violinist. A. open B. plain C. general D. candid 2. They have _ many horrible crimes against the Chi

40、nese people. A. done B. made C. took D. committed 3. The _ of thought in the country has turned against war. A. tide B. flood C. current D. currency,vocabulary,D,D,C,.,4. An _woman came to consult him about her throat. A. older B. elder C. elderly D. eldest 5. Seeing a plain roared towards him, Tom

41、was in a blue _. A. frank B. funk C. funeral D. furnace 6. Its _ to fly in this weather. A. mad B. crazy C. crazed D. insane,vocabulary,C,B,D,.,7. She has too _a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause. A. bland B. mild C. militant D. middling 8. Take a _ of my drink and see if you like it or

42、 not. A. suck B. sip C. lick D. lap 9. Dont bother to look for my umbrella, it will _ some day. A. turn over B. turn up C. turn out D. turn on,vocabulary,B,B,B,.,10. _, we were just talking about the same thing. A. Too oddly B. Too strange C. Oddly enough D. Strength enough 11. If trades no better n

43、ext month, we shall go _ and then what will you do for jobs?. A. stuck B. blocked C. broke D. blank 12. His actions and principles are all _ a piece. A. to B. in C. by D. of,vocabulary,C,C,D,.,13. I dont think the answer lies simply in their physical _ or in something unique about the climate in whi

44、ch they live. It is concerned with their attitude toward life. A. physician B. constitute C. constitution D. institute 14. In many large cities of the UK, there are many people who are _. They have no money, no friends and no time. A. down-to-earth B. down and out C. up and down D. odds and ends,voc

45、abulary,C,B,.,15. He always _ his beard with a pair of scissors instead of a razor. A. cuts B. trims C. plucks D. trains 16. He was _ when he heard he was promoted. He had suffered too many years from his wifes endless complaints. A. taken aback B. taken ahead C. taken away D. taken after 17. Many p

46、eople are of the opinion that advertisements are _. A. receptive B. conceptive C. deceptive D. deception,vocabulary,B,A,C,.,18. He never cares about such _ as he is a broad-minded man. A. stifles B. strife C. trifles D. strives 19. His behavior has _ shown that he is trustworthy person. A. imaginati

47、vely B. intuitively C. evidently D. instinctively 20. He accepted our invitation to hold this party _. A. in good grace B. out of a good grace C. with a good grace D. with better grace,vocabulary,C,C,C,.,21. Seeing the cute baby, I couldnt help _ his cheek tenderly. A. teasing B. stroking C. contact

48、ing D.rubbing 22. Students will be punished if their behavior is not _ school rules and regulations. A. in accordance to B. in accordance with C. in according to D. with accord to 23. Trust your _ and do what you think is right. A. self B. confidence C. instincts D. nature,vocabulary,B,B,C,.,24. You

49、ll soon go all to _ if you keep on working like that. A. bits B. pieces C. segments D. parts 25. Cant you see all what he told us are _ lies? A. opaque B. transparent C. thorough D. entire 26. I peg your pardon? I dont know what you are _. A. driving by B. driving on C. driving at D. driving off,voc

50、abulary,B,B,C,.,27. She has been in bad _ these days so she asked for a sick leave from the office. A. time B. condition C. way D. mood 28. He is making some progress in his work since his last project was well done _. A. in a way B. in a day C. in a lay D. in a ray 29. He doesnt think he is suitabl

51、e for this job for his own _. A. reason B. idea C. division D. part,vocabulary,B,A,D,.,30. We have a _ for a computer programmer. A. vacant B. vacancy C. emptiness D. gap KEY to Exercises for Unit 5 1-10 DDCCB DBBBC 11-20 CDCBB ACCCC 21-30 BBCBB CBADB,vocabulary,B,.,Useful Expressions,耸耸肩 shrug ones shoulders 自大 great vanity 让某人大吃意惊 give sb. a great surprise 听某人亲口讲述 from ones own lips 衣着整洁素雅 be neatly and quietly dressed 合乎某人的年龄身份 in accordance with ones age and station 玩桥牌 play bridge 和睦恩爱的一家人 a united and