bp辩论规则介绍PPT课件

1、.,1,BP,.,2,General Format and Rules,World Universities Debating Championships -the Mt. Everest of Debating “Worlds Style”, or British Parliamentary Style (“BP”),.,3,There are 4 teams competing in each debate (2 teams on the government side, and 2 teams on the opposition) The motion to be debated and

2、 the positions is released only 15 minutes before the start of the debate Debaters may stand up and ask “points of information” (or “POIs”) during the speech of a debater on an opposing team Each speaker may speak for 7 minutes, including the time taken to receive and answer POIs from opposing teams

3、,.,4,Teams,4 Teams (two Government and two Opposition). Each team has two speakers Government Bench: - Opening Government (Prime Minister self-proving, when the case is that something should or should not be done and there is no reasonable rebuttal (like the TV definition above); Moral truism, somet

4、hing to which no real opposition exists (like “Genocide is bad”.) time set, where a debate is set in the past or the future Squirreling, when a motion has an obvious meaning, you can not twist the wording of the motion to debate onto something else. Dont hang your case,.,26,How can the Opening Gover

5、nment set up the debate?,This depends on the motion. Broadly, there are two kinds of motions: those that create policy debates, and those that create principle debates. An example of a principle debate would be the motion suggested above: “This House Believes That TV Is The Root of All Evil.” The Go

6、vernment teams are not asked to provide as solution they dont need to convince us to do anything.,.,27,A policy debate requires the teams to provide a solution to a problem that means they have to convince us that we should actually do something. In debating, this solution is called a model. An exam

7、ple of a debate where model is needed would be: “This House Believes That We Should Ban Smoking In Public Places”. To set up this debate, the Opening Government team would have to do a few things: (1) tell us what public places are (i.e. the definition) and outline the specifics of such a ban (“we w

8、ould ban the production, sale, and consumption of tobacco in all forms), (2) tell us exactly how smoking should be banned (the model could be fines, or perhaps jail?); (violators would be subject to criminal and civil sanctions commensurate with the severity of the violation, ranging from simple fin

9、es for possession to incarceration for repeated attempts to produce and distribute”); (in some cases, agent, financing, other terms) (3) tell us why smoking should be banned; (4) tell us why the ban should be the kind of ban that they propose (so if the ban they propose would see public smokers are

10、jailed, the Opening Government must explain why this is so).,.,28,Heres an easy 4-step guide to setting up a policy debate:,.,29,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,.,34,.,35,.,36,.,37,.,38,First opposition,.,39,Should I challenge the propositions definition?,Only the first speaker of the opposition allowed in theo

11、ry But dont do it because debates about the definition is bad and horrible to watch. It is legitimate to define where no definitions has been offered.,.,40,To establish the clash in the debate,.,41,.,42,.,43,.,44,.,45,.,46,.,47,.,48,.,49,.,50,seconding,Fault too much time on rebuttal and not enough

12、substantive arguments,.,51,Extensions,The role of the Closing Government and Closing Opposition teams in the debate is to provide an “extension”. This means that they must introduce something new into the debate. This can be a wholly new set of arguments, it can be a fresh perspective on the issue,

13、or it can be a deeper level of analysis. Dont forget, your extension has to be consistent with your opening teams position and arguments! You cant contradict their points. The only rules to remember about case extensions is that: (a) Your case must be clear. (b) It must be different from the 1st tea

14、ms case. (c) It must not contradict the 1st teams case. Extensions can be: a different perspective on the issue a more in-depth analysis on the opening teams case Here are some example extensions:,.,52,So in this example, the Closing Governments position is consistent with Opening Government they bo

15、th oppose nuclear power but they have provided a fresh set of reasons for supporting the OGs policy.,Example 1: : “This House Would Not Allow Nuclear Power.” The Opening Government - nuclear power is dangerous, and that used nuclear material is bad for humans and the environment. This is the environ

16、mental concern. The Closing Oppositions extension - nuclear power should be opposed because the technology can be easily misused to make nuclear weapons. This extension is the security perspective.,.,53,Example 2: This house would abolish the death penalty. OG - the death penalty is inhumane, and th

17、at it is always wrong to take life ; the death penalty does not deter crime. CG - use of the death penalty in the USA, showing that use of the death penalty there has targeted racial minorities and people from poorer socio-economic background (the race and socio-economic argument). - highlight some

18、examples in the USA where innocent people were executed, and they quote the maxim that: “It is better that one hundred guilty men go free than that one innocent man is executed” (the possible miscarriage of justice argument). - show how the predictions made by OG were proved to be true in the USA, b

19、y pointing out that, since the introduction of the death penalty in the USA, crime rates had in fact gone up.,.,54,Matter and Manner,Speakers and teams in BP debates are judged on two elements: matter and manner. Matter content of the speech arguments a debater uses to further his/her case and persu

20、ade the audience includes arguments and reasoning, examples, case studies, facts and other material that attempts to further the case includes positive material, rebuttals, points of information offered and points of information taken matter should be relevant, logical and consistent Manner presenta

21、tion of the speech style and structure a debater uses to further his/her case and persuade the audience,.,55,Style - elements of style include eye contact, voice modulation, hand gestures, language, the use of notes and any other element which may affect the effectiveness of the presentation of the

22、member Structure includes structure of the speech of the member and the structure of the speeches of the team Individual structure: - elements of structure include the structure of the speech of the member and the structure of the speech of the team - each debaters speech should include: an introduction, series of arguments and a conclusion - it should also be well-timed in accordance with the time limitations and the need to prioritise and apportion time