TO DO 不定式PPT课件

1、.,1,To do 不定式,.,2,.,3,1不定式的用法 1）作主语 不定式短语作主语时，一般表示具体的、个别的、一次性的或具有将来意义的动作,谓语动词用单数。 To master a foreign Language requires painstaking effort (辛苦的努力). To combine theory withpractice is a good way of learning.,.,4,It动词宾语等 to do sth It makes me sick to think about it. It does you a lot of good _( swim) i

2、n the rivers. Itbe表语 to do sth It was right to give up smoking. It was beyond me_( help)him. Itbe表语 for sb. to do sth/for sth. to be done It is important for you to attend that meeting. It is a good idea _ the books _ (give) to her. Itbe表语of名词/代词to do sth It is kind of you to offer me this lovely ho

3、liday. It was careless_you _( leave) your book on the bus.,to swim,to help,for,to be given,of,to leave,.,5,2）作表语： 动词不定式放在be，become，sound，taste等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software.我的目标是在开发电脑软件的公司里工

4、作。 动词不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。,.,6,注意：当主语部分有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式也可不带to. The only thing you can do is (to)wait and see.,.,7,3）作宾语 以下动词可用于：主语动词to do I cannot afford _( pay) such a price. We decided not to go out because of the

5、weather.,afford, agree, aim, attempt, begin, decide, demand, deserve, fail, guarantee, happen, help, hesitate, hope, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, strive, swear, threaten, try, volunteer,to pay,.,8,以下动词可用于：主语动词（on/for）宾语to do（宾语） Can you arrange

6、 for the instruments to be delivered on Monday? I am counting on(依靠) all of you to help me through?,rely, count, arrange, long, wait,.,9,以下动词可用于：主语动词疑问词to do（宾适） He asked how to get to the station. I dont know whether to apply for the job or not.,ask, decide, know, remember, forget, explain, learn,

7、wonder,.,10,以下动词可用于：主语动词it宾补to do（宾语） I dont think it necessary to go on with the experiment. I consider _ my duty_(write) to you and thank you.,believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take, think, understa

8、nd,it,to write,.,11,4）作宾语补足语 下列动词可用于“动词宾语to do”结构。 I advise/allow/ask you to leave. We shall request the committee to consider our suggestion. I recommend you _( buy) this dictionary.,advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, dare, determine, direct, discover, drive, enable, expect, encour

9、age, forbid, force, get, inform, invite, order, permit, persuade, prepare, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, urge, want, warn, wish,to buy,.,12,在下列感官动词和使役动词用于“动词宾语do”结构 We felt the house shake. They made the boy go to bed early. I saw her_( leave) the classroom quietly. Could you hav

10、e him call me when he gets back?,一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三使役（make, let, have），五看（see,look at, watch, notice, observe）,leave,.,13,说明：这些句子如果变成被动结构都必须带to. let的被动形式通常用allowpermitgive permission的被动形式。例如 I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. I let him go. He was allowed/

11、permitted to go. 动词help后接动词作宾语补足语省略的情况常见于美国英语中。,.,14,注意： have sb.do sth用于通常情况下期望别人为自己做事，常指份内该做的事； get sb. to do sth用于劝说别人做我们所希望的事，常指有一定难度； make sb. do sth 指使用权力或权威追使别人做不情愿做的事。例如 He had the salesperson show him 12 pairs of shoes. The boss had us prepare a progress report every week. It took a long ti

12、me, but finally I got my boss to let me take a week off. How does the teacher get her students to stay so quiet? How can I make her wear this dress if she doesnt want to? The robber made the clerk give him the money.,.,15,下列动词可用于“动词宾语to be形容词或名词”结构。 I believe him to be honest. Everybody consider thi

13、s _a fact. I judge him to be about fifty. He declared himself to be a member of the club.,believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess,imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think,to be,.,16,hope, demand, suggest等后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 I hope/demand/suggest you to come.（错误） I hope th

14、at you can come on time.（正确） I demand/suggest that you should come on time. (正确) 说明：将不定式作宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态时，动词不定式就成了主语补足语。也就是说，它与句子主语构成了主谓关系。例如 I thought him to be the best player of the basketball. He is thought to be the best player of the basketball. We saw him enter the hall He was seen to enter th

15、e hall.,.,17,5）作定语 It was the first book to have appeared on the subject He was the first one to have been invited to the party 不定式作定语有时几乎等于一个定语从句，有时具有情态意义，大都用于表示即将发生的动作。例如 He is not a man to bow before difficulties.（不可能会） She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening. (必须做） It isnt a t

16、hing to talk about.（不应该谈论） Well have more activities like this in the few weeks to come. (将要到来） The conference to take place in Shanghai next month is of great importance.（将要发生）,.,18,在某些由动词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语 I dont trust his promise_(come) for a visit. He has persisted in(坚持) her refusal to spend Christ

17、mas at school. 注意：在intention或hope后常接“of 动名词或动名词的复合结构”形式。,agreement, arrangement, attempt, claim, decision,desire, determination, failure, need, offer, plan, pleasure promise, refusal, tendency, threat, warning, wish 等,to come,.,19,某些由形容词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语 Your ability_( analyze) the problem really surpr

18、ises me. He has fulfilled his ambition to be a writer.,ability, ambition, anxiety, capability, curiosity,eagerness, freedom, patience, readiness, willingness等,to analyze,.,20,用于说明某些名词的内容，常接不定式作定语 You must have the courage to say “No”. We have good reason to believe that he is lying.,appeal,campaign,

19、 chance, courage, effort,evidence, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, sense, skill struggle, talent, way等,.,21,说明名词或代词所起的作用，与不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系 A：中心词是名词 We are in need of nurses to take care of children. I need a box to hold my books. B：中心词是代词 Have you anything to cure my bad cold? There is no o

20、ne to look after the child.,.,22,在the only、序数词（ the first, the second）、顺序词（ the last,the next)或形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语. Linda was the only one _(stay) for the whole performance. They are the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comfort. 他们吃苦在前，享乐在后。 The youngest person _(enter) the programme was j

21、ust fourteen.,the only；序数词： the first， the second 顺序词： the last， the next；形容词最高级 名词不定式,to stay,to enter,.,23,说明：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。带直接宾语的不定式修饰一个间接宾语时，也应加上相应的介词。例如： He is looking for a room to live in. Please give me a knife to cut with. I have no idea whom to give

22、this message to. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。如 He had no money and no place to live (in).,.,24,6）作状语，表示目的、结果、条件、原因或程度 作目的状语：（有以下几种表达方式） In order to accomplish the task, we must work very hard. We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity. _( stop) the train, pull the lev

23、er(控制杆) downwards. I need a backpack to carry things.,A: (in order) to动词原形,To stop,.,25,Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes. The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating. My father bought a new book for me to read. I stopped and waited for her to catch up. 说明：美国英语中，动词come,

24、 go后接不定式表目的时可以省略to。例如: Come watch TV with us this evening. Ill go tell him about it.,B：so as to动词原形（通常不置于句首),C：for.to动词原形（不定式本身有自己的主语),.,26,作结果状语：（有以下表达方式） He arrived at the station too late to catch the early train. We found the room too small to hold so many people. 说明：通常”too.to”结构中，不定式具有否定意义。但如果”

25、too.to”结构的形容词为 anxious, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing，其后的不定式表示肯定。 He was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 看到父亲那么生气，她非常吃惊。 We were too willing to offer them what we had.,A：too.to 动词原形,.,27,当all, but, not, never, only, quite, really等后接”too.to”结构时“

26、too”的含义为very”，不定式没有否定含义。例如 Im only too glad to stay at home. 我太想留在家里啦。 Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。,.,28,What have I done to offend(冒犯) you? He hurried to the school _(find) nobody there. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,B：（only）to动词原形(find /discover/ realize),only to find,

27、.,29,作原因状语（一般不置于句首）：不定式的动作先于谓语动词，但很少用完成式。大部分表达情感等的原因，有以下3种句型 I could not but laugh to hear such a funny story. I rejoiced(高兴) to learn that his son was admitted to the university.,A：主语表示感情的不及物动词不定式,.,30,I am glad to see her in such good health. I am sorry to give you so much trouble. We were very excited _(hear)the news.,B：主语be表情绪或感情的形容词过去分词不定式,afraid, angry, anxious, eager, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, delighted, disappointed, excited, shocked, surprised,to hear,.,31,The boy