法律英语词汇整理

1、.Part One Basis of Legal English公证人：notary立遗嘱者：testator专门名词；术语：terminology承租人：tenant故意的；蓄意的：deliberate等同；同价物：equivalent责任：obligation终止：termination对等的，互惠的：reciprocal开端：commencement分期付款：instalment制定：formulation上述的；前述的：aforesaid恐吓，威胁：intimidate不当：inappropriate议会，国会：parliament审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal不可撤销的：ir

2、revocable否认：negative拆分；分立：split诉讼：litigation传唤；传讯：summon赔偿；补偿：compensation诉讼当事人：litigant提起（申请等）；提起（诉讼等）；把登记备案：file辩解；申诉；事实陈述：allegation质询（书）：interrogatories伪证；伪证罪：perjury否定：denial庭外采证：deposition小册子：booklet控告（某人）犯罪：impeach常设的；永久的：permanent（法庭上证人的）证词：testimony调解、调停：mediation仲裁：arbitration法官；裁判官；法官席：be

3、nch无陪审团员的审判：bench trail一致的：unanimous（陪审团的）裁决，判决，结论：verdict强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory批捕令；搜查令：warrant财产保全；查封；扣押：attachment留置权，扣押权：lien赔偿金：damages欺诈，误导：deceive泄露：divulge侵权：infringement举证责任：the burden of proof诉讼案件：lawsuit宪法的：constitutional控告：prefer入侵：invasion动产：chattel租约：lease执行者：executor成文法：statute诉状：pleadin

4、g样式条款：boilerplate clause公司面纱：corporate veil无效的：null and void全部，所有的人：all and sundry 其他以外：inter alia= among others保释：bailment：abatement宣告无效：annul将遗赠：bequeath报酬：emolument起源：provenance扣押财物：distress扣押：seizure拘押：hold本金：the principal sum合适和恰当：fit and proper规定，条款：provision争议，纠纷或索赔：dispute，controversy or cla

5、im承诺,同意和契约：promise，agree and covenant储蓄：deposits原告：plaintiff诉状：complaint被告：defendant代表自己，自辩：pro se（without an attorney）承认：admission和解协议：settlement回避：for cause协商；法律顾问：counsel交叉盘问：cross examination专家证人：expert witness诉由不成立：no cause无效审判：mistrial清偿保证书：satisfaction推翻：overturn发回重审：relitigante back自由心证：powe

6、r of discretionary宣誓过的：sworn先行本：advance sheet法典注释：annotated code法警：bailiff法律顾问：barrister受益人：beneficiary汇票：bill of exchange最佳证据：best evidence引证：citation or cite传讯者：citator编成法典：codify法令：decree最高上诉法院：court of last resort记录法庭：court of record法庭书记官：court reporter授权立法：delegated legislation法律汇编：digest备审案件目录

7、表：docket（写在判决书前面的）摘要：headnote对答案有诱导性的提问：leading question名义上的当事人：nominal party初审管辖：original jurisdiction律师助手：paralegal被告：respondent州长：sheriff单行本：slip law遵循先例：stare decisis（判决书的）判决理由/说明：syllabus摘要：synonym正式起诉书：true bill法令：wirt传票：subpoena悬而未决的陪审团：hung jury习惯法：common law拉丁语：Bona fide = good faith 善意De n

8、ovo =anew 重新；更始Ex parte =from one side 片面的 Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保护令In re =in the matter of 关于，对于Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding the verdict 否定裁决Per capita =by leads 人均Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判词对价：consideration相对人：counterpart汇票：draft兑现：honor票据：instrument请求：motionChapte

9、r Two American Legal Regime美国联邦上诉法院：United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit=巡回上诉法院：Federal Circuit最高法院：Supreme Court上诉法院：Court of Appeals中级上诉法院：intermediate Courts高级法院上诉庭：Appellate Division，Supreme Court美国案例选编：American Law Reports法律百科全书：Corpus Juris Secundum任命：nominate任期：tenure等级制度；统治

10、集团：hierarchy司法权，管辖权；管辖范围：jurisdiction地方法官，治安官：magistrate转让（法律权利或义务）：assign遗嘱检验法庭：probate court少年法庭：juvenile court仲裁人：arbiter对（指诉讼，比赛中等）；相对：versus无效；废弃：nullification执行，施行，实施（法律等）；免除：dispense疏忽，过失；粗心大意：negligence支持者；建议者；提出认证遗嘱者；提出证据的人：proponent渊源；根源：source立法机关；立法机构；立法部；（特指）州会议：legislature合理的：equitable

11、挑选陪审团成员：impanel证词，证据：testimony陪审员名单：array挑选陪审团的过程：voir dire自由裁量权：discretion强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory当事人；诉讼委托人：client审议：deliberation偏一方的：partisan审判官似的；调查官似的；爱打听的：inquisitorialVt.仲裁，裁判N.裁判，仲裁人：umpire对抗性的，敌对的：adversarial上诉的，受理上诉的：appellate审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal前提：premise送还，还押；发回重审：remade发誓：swear抵押；抵押品；质权：pledg

12、e依照法令的；法定的：statuary成文法；制定法：statuary law制定（法律）；颁布：enact判例，先例：precedentAdj.立法的，有立法权的N.立法权；立法机构：legislativeAdj.适当的Vt.占用，侵吞：appropriate竞合：concurrence传票；引证：citation概要，大纲：synopsis控告，起诉：prosecution复审：review证人证言：affidavit再审：rehear全体陪审员：panel参议院：Senate大陪审团：grand jury僵局：deadlock分配，分布：distribution有效：valid过错相抵：

13、contributory negligence篡改：tamper专利池：patent pool证据规则：evidentiary rules纠问式：inquisitorial system of justice纠错法院：Court of Errors诉讼文件移送命令：certiorari撤销：vacate驳回：dismiss中止：order暂停：stay发回重审：remand异议：dissent特权：privilege抗辩制度：adversarial system主张，用户：advocacy公平的：impartial自认犯罪：self-incrimination公告，宣告：announcemen

14、t有说服力的法律依据：persuasive authority处理：dispose廉正：integrity苏格拉底问法：socratic method民事诉讼：civil procedure法律术语：legalese法律联合会：legal fraternity附录：appendix公司章程：article of incorporation出庭律师：attorney of record计费工时：billable hour顾问：consultant标准：criterion法官的附带意见：dictum网域名称：domain name委托书：engagement letter当庭提出证据：exhibi

15、t出口许可证：export license合营企业：joint venture许可证协议：license agreement贷款申请：loan application公证人：notary public专利申请书：patent application公民投票权：referendum股东，股票持有人：shareholder法定时效：statute of limitation可撤销的合同：voidable contract分区条例：zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法权：judicial power合法的：legitimate合法化，正

16、当性：legitimacy海事法，海商法：admiralty海事管辖权：maritime jurisdiction按照，根据：pursuant to/in pursuance of全权：plenary power阐明：set forth终身任期：life tenure被授予、赋予（权利）：be vested with原始（初审）管辖权：original（trial）jurisdiction上诉管辖权：appellate jurisdiction自动生效：self-executing共同管辖权，并存管辖权：concurrent jurisdiction参考司法性（或审判）解释：advisory

17、opinions做出裁判、裁决：rendition做出裁判裁决，判处：render模拟诉讼：moot cases串通诉讼：collusive suits成熟原则：ripeness doctrine确认判决，宣告是判决：declaratory judgment诉由，诉讼资格：standing可归因于：be attributable to可救济性：redressability裁决，裁定：ruling规避（原则）：abstention不适用联邦管辖权（以避免和州管辖权的冲突）：abstain以作为前提/条件：be premised on待决的，未决的：pending禁止、命令、指示：enjoinV.

18、 阻却、禁止N. 阻碍、阻却因素；法律界：bar豁免权：immunity立法权：legislative power明确列举的权力：enumerated power默示的权利：implied power辅助/附属权利：auxiliary/ancillary power必要与适当条款：necessary and proper clause实施、实行：carry into execution人头税：capitation直接税，对财产征收的税：direct taxes公共基金开支权：spending power贸易权：commerce power国会调查权：investigatory power弹劾：

19、impeachment剥夺（权利）：deprive of/abridge of铸币：coin money立法权的委托/授予：delegation of legislative power三权分立原则：the separation of power doctrine促进、助长、推动：in furtherance of申请：petition of公共职权：public functions有溯及力的，溯及既往的：retroactive剥夺公民权法案：bills of attainder事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的：ex post facto程序性的正当程序：procedural due proce

20、ss实质性正当程序：substantive due process平等保护：equal protection裁决、判决：adjudication个人财产：personal belongings法定权利：entitlement任意的、武断的：arbitrary在下、从下：infra严格审查（标准）：strict scrutiny（maximum scrutiny）中登记审查（标准）：intermediate scrutiny合理依据、最低审查（标准）：rational basis（minimal scrutiny）引发、触发：trigger不合理分类：suspect classification

21、监禁、禁闭：incarceration受制于、以为条件：be subject to主要因素：predominant factor为量身定做：be tailored to授权条款：enabling provision商业条款：Commerce Clause必要的国家利益：compelling state interest歧视性待遇：disparate treatment准嫌疑犯分类：quasi-suspect classification纠正歧视行动：affirmative action不正当关系：illicit relationships确认生父诉讼、亲子鉴定诉讼：paternity suit

22、s基本权利：fundamental rights避孕药物、避孕工具：contraception包括、包含：encompass撤销、使无效：revoke财政部：The Treasury Department流产，堕胎：abortion全体出席的：plenary实施：implement严格的必要性：strict necessity原因：causation确权之诉：quiet title action修正案：amendment驱逐出境：deport支持：upheld代表：delegate违反：infringe有特权的：prerogative损害：impair非惩罚性：non-punitive区别对待

23、：discriminatory application避孕：contraceptives反驳：rebuttal据说，据称：allegedly牵连：entanglement十足信用法案：full faith and credit授权，命令：mandate问题的可讨论性，未决状态：mootness司法审查：judicial review多元管辖权：diversity jurisdiction当代的，同时代的：contemporary批准，认可：ratification行政部门：executive branch取缔诽谤：outlaw slander使无效：invalidate授予，给予：confer

24、详尽的，彻底的：exhaustivepart4promise允诺 agreement between the parties 当事人之间的协议acceptance承诺a meeting of minds意见一致mutual assent当事人之间的协议executed contracts已履行合同executory contracts待履行合同specialty contract书面盖印合同valid 有效的parol contract非要式合同void 无效的simple contract简单合同voidable 可撤销的offer 要约unenforceable 不能强制执行contrac

25、ts under seal 盖印合同revocation撤回contracts in writing书面合同rejection by the offeree受要约人拒绝contracts evidenced in writing有书面证明的合同counter-offer反要约lapse of time期限届满口头合同oral contractsincapacity无行为能力unqualified无条件的failure of a condition subject to which the offer was made要约条件未能满足conditional assent 有条件的同意standi

26、ng offer持续要约performance履行return performance 相应允诺the mirror image rule镜像原则letter书信telegram电报Mail-box Rule投邮主义consideration对价the promisee被允诺人past consideration is no consideration过去的对价不是对价公共职责public dutyaccord and satisfaction和解与清偿the principle of mutuality相关性原则允诺禁反言原则doctrine of promissory estoppel衡平

27、禁反言原则doctrine of equitable estoppelexpress terms明示条款implied terms 默示条款exemption clauses免责条款condition 条件warranty担保rescind 废除repudiate拒绝履行the concept of total integration合同完整性的概念certainty确定性terms implied in fact事实上的默示terms implied in law 法律上的默示customary implied terms惯例性的条款the contra proerentem不利于提供者规则

28、the repugancy rule 矛盾解释规则the four corners rule四角规则the Control of Exemption Clauses Act管制免责条款条例warning notices警告性通知capacity to contract缔约能力minor 未成年人a person under the influence of drink醉酒的人persons of unsound mind精神病人corporations公司mistake错误misrepresentation虚假陈述duress胁迫undue influence不当影响illegality非法性

29、validity 效力operative mistakes关键性错误liable to be set aside衡平法上被撤销common or identical mistakes相同之错误mutual mistakes双方错误non-identical mistake不相同之错误unilateral mistake 单方错误non est factum非我所签契约null and void 无效fraudulent misrepresentation欺诈性的虚假陈述innocent or neglient misrepresentation无过错或过失性的虚假陈述affirm确认dures

30、s to a person对人的胁迫duress to goods 对货物的胁迫economic duress经济胁迫actual undue influence实际不当影响persumed undue influence假设不当影响inequality of bargaining power谈判能力的不对等unconscionability显示公平制度operation of law依法定得解除illegal contract strictly so called严格意义上的非法合同illegal contract traditionally so called传统的非法合同illegal

31、as formed成立违法illegal as performed履行违法intended beneficiaries 有益受害人incidental beneficiaries 附带受益人discharged解决performance履行tender of performance交付履行frustration合同落空impossibility履行不能履约具有不现实性impracticabilityoccurrence of condition subsequent后续条件的发生rescission合同的废除novation合同的更新 cancellation合同的取消release弃权书su

32、bstituted contract替代合同account stated明细账lapse 终止（或失效）supervening illegality继起违法breach of contract违约anticipatory breach预期违约damages损害赔偿action for an agreed sum商定金额之诉quantum meruit按合理价格支付specific performance实际履行injunction禁令alternative dispute resolution替代性纠纷解决机制corporate law 公司法new words and expressions

33、nominalized 使转变为名词inducememt诱因，诱导abstain抑制，弃权solemnity庄严destitute使丧失perpetrator做坏事者，犯罪者usage惯例revocation撤销，撤回contingency意外事故，偶发事件dispatch发出telex电传facsimile传真detriment损害，伤害forbearance忍耐，克制，不作为undertaking承诺accure发生，产生charter包租，租用vessel船舶lumber木材 freight运费furnish提供aver提出appellee被上诉人demurrer异议，抗辩rescind

34、废除repudiate拒不履行reputable值得尊重的shack棚屋，简陋的小屋emasculate阉割，削弱collateral附属的demolish摧毁，推翻，驳倒absurdity荒谬的shear(shore,shorn)切断，剥夺rote死记硬背，生搬硬套perjury伪证（罪）supersede废除，废弃officious爱管闲事的efficacy功效indemnity赔偿（金）onus义务，负担subrogation代位（求偿权）dissipate挥霍vitiate（使）消弱，（使）无效salvage救援，营救reef礁，暗礁tender招标ab initio自始，从开始时st

35、atus quo现状rescission废除puff吹嘘pecuniary金钱的restitutio in integrum拉恢复原状rogue无赖，流氓avoidance废止，无效uberrimae fidei 拉最大诚信coercive强制的；强迫的convent女修道院ward被监护人devotee皈依者the balance of probabilities可能性较高者consummate完成lopsided不平等的infirmity虚假defraud诈取，骗取ex turpi causa non oritur actio 拉非法或不道德行为不能取得诉因quantum meruit 拉

36、（无合同规定时）支付合理报酬；应得额；合理金额quantum valebant 拉支付合理价格原则oust剥夺，驱逐solus单独的covenant协议，协定effectuate实行，完成supervening接着发生revoke撤销；取消encompass围绕；包含concurrent同时发生的coronation加冕礼exculpatory辩解的，辨明无罪的remote damages间接损失expectation interest期待利益reliance interest信赖利益restitution interest返还利益liquidated damages约定损害赔偿金maxim格

37、言permeate弥漫，遍布subterfuge托词，借口evasion规避，遁词overt明显的，公开的slack off松懈；懈怠a Mareva injunction玛瑞瓦禁令warranty保修单，担保Textinternational business transactions国际商业活动；国际经济交往securities law证券法franchise 特许经营contract合同，有法律约束力的承诺或协议Convention on the International Sales of Goods(CISG) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约restatement再声明，重述duty义务

38、; 职责，责任binding有约束力的deed 地契，土地证stipulation契约，约定，协定seal 密封文档，密封（证明真实有效）evidenced in writing有书面证明的formation成立mutual assent相互同意manifestation表现形式bound 有义务的advertisements of rewards悬赏广告auction拍卖lapse of offer要约失效revocation撤回English law英国法option期权，选择权Blackacre黑地，黑田（辩论中的假设名字，与whiteacre相对）contingency意外事故，偶发事

39、件standing offer持续要约writ of error纠错令decree判决，裁定Chancery Courts大法官法庭，大法庭refinance再融资Chancellor首席法官，大法官unqualified没有附加的条件的conditional assent附条件同意return promise 反允诺order confirmation确认订单terms and conditions 条款及细则general conditions of sale销售的一般条件；买卖共同条件；一般销售条件UNIDROIT PICC 国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则Mail-Box Rule邮箱

40、规则consideration 对价detriment损害，伤害promisee受约人promisor做出承诺者，契约者，要约人executory待执行的executed已执行的accord and satisfaction和解与清偿full settlement of a debt全额清偿the principle of mutuality交互性原则promissory承诺的，约定的suspensory中止的Privy Court枢密院法庭resume恢复the principle本人，被代理人，委托人；保证人；财产，信托财产Doctrine of Equitable Estoppel衡平禁

41、反言原则qualification条件，资格charter party租船合同frustrate the main purpose of the contract主要目的受阻volition自愿选择the Parol Evidence Rule口头证言规则total integration一体化；完全整合absurdity 荒谬，不合理genesis起源；开端superseded documents替代文件officious bystander好事的旁观者negligence过失；疏忽the inserter起草者indemnity赔偿（金）the onus of proof举证责任Age o

42、f Majority Act成人年龄法guarantees of minors contracts未成年人保证责任guarantee被保人subrogation代位清偿unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity心智不全fiduciary基于信托的，受托人，被信托人non est factum否认立约inducement引诱，诱导actionable misrepresentation可诉的虚假陈述restitutio in integrum恢复原状Uberrimae Fidei最大诚信原则，坦率诚实the Utmost Good Faith最大善意原则prospectus说

43、明书，简介，募股章程undue influence 不当影响contemplation深思熟虑，沉思self-induced自己导致的，自己诱导的vendor卖方，卖主operation of law(OOL) 法律的实施（效果）mutual rescission相互解约unilateral rescission单方废止；债权人得单方解除契约frustrating events受阻事项a final balance 最后应付余额，最后结余；最后平衡original transactions原始交易commercial impracticability商业不现实性Statute of Limit

44、ations诉讼时效impossible of performance履行不能supervening illegality继起违法frustration of purpose合同目的落空coronation加冕礼Forcr Majeure Clauses 不可抗力条款remoteness of damage损害的间隔性foreseeability可预见性,预见性unliquidated damages未经算定损害赔偿；未清算的损失；未确定损害赔偿额extravagant奢侈的；挥霍的claimant原告，索赔者specific performance照规定严格执行constant superv

45、ision持续监督good faith善意；真诚good faith performance合同履行中的诚信原则；善意履行express repudiation明示的履行拒绝interlocutory (判决等)在诉讼期间宣告的perpetual不间断的；持续的prohibitory禁止的mandatory强制的；法定的pending trial候审期间，未决事项Municiple Courts市法院Choice of Forum Clause选择法院条款Forum Selection Clause法院管辖之条款Choice of Law Clause适用法律选择条款commercial ar

46、bitration商事仲裁arbitration agreement仲裁协议arbitration clauses仲裁条款exercisecontested 有争议的recital 一系列事件等的详述boilerplate样板文件； 公式化，陈词滥调Caveat Emptor货物出门概不退换，买主须自行当心（货物的品质）；买主当心prevail占优势option contract期权合同merchandise 货物leverage杠杆作用，举债经营Statute of Fraudes反欺诈法unconscionability显失公平;显失公平原则unjust enrichment不正当得利th

47、ird-party beneficiary 受益第三方 detrimental reliance有害依赖；不利之信赖forfeiture没收，丧失material breach重大违约，实质性违约illusory promise虚幻允诺rescind废除；撤销omission 疏忽，懈怠，做某事失败Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)美国统一商法典in pais无法律手续或书据quasi-contract准契约；准合同Unit Five 故意侵权 intentional torts殴打 battery威吓assault非法监禁 false imprisonment侵害地产或

48、动产trespass to Land/Chattels侵占他人动产conversion故意精神伤害Intentional infliction of emotional distress抗辩事由 defenses特权 privilege原告同意 consent正当防卫 self-defense紧急避险 necessity责任duty不履行责任 breach实际损失或伤害actual loss or damage原告过失 contributory negligence比较过失comparative negligence自冒风险 assumption of risk明示自冒风险express as

49、sumption of risk免责条款 exculpatory clause暗示自冒风险implied assumption of risk后果的预见性foreseeability of consequences中介原因 intervening cause连带责任 joint and several liability补偿 indemnity分担 contribution土地所有人possessor所有权人 owner占有人 occupier自然危险情况 natural hazards土地侵权人 trespasser被许可人 licensee侵权儿童 trespassing children

50、诱惑性公海原则 attractive nuisance doctrine被邀请人 invitee商业被邀请人 business invitee不当行为/不当履行 misfeasance懈怠不作为/不作为 nonfeasance替代责任 vicarious liability低于成本销售 sales below cost侵犯隐私 privacy torts盗用他人肖像权 appropriation侵扰他人私生活 intrusion扭曲他人形象 public disclosure of private life不正当竞争competitive torts虚假宣传false advertising倾

51、销 dumping雇主负责制respondent superiorLiability for negligence 过失责任Civil liability 民事责任Remedies 损害赔偿Invasion of privacy侵犯隐私Defamation 诽谤Fraud 欺诈Misrepresentation 虚假表述Conversion 侵犯他人财产Trespass非法侵入Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/财产Product liability 产品责任Restitution返还原物，赔偿金Damages 赔偿金Compensatory damages 补偿

52、性伤害赔偿金Punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿金Special damages 特定损害赔偿金Discrete 分离的Affinity亲切关系The statute of limitations 诉讼时效Causation 因果关系Tavern 客栈Cause in fact 事实上的原因Hatchet 短柄小斧；言归于好Proximate cause 最近原因Integrity完整Malice恶意Prima facie case 表面上证据确凿的案件Blackout 灯火管制；暂时失去知觉Impediment 妨碍Res Ipsa Loquitur 让事实说话Quare claus

53、um fregit 缘何侵入私地令Foreseeability 预见性Intermeddle干涉Tort-feasor 侵权行为人Dispossess 剥夺Misconduct 行为不当Misfeasance 错误行为Non-feasance 不行为Agrarian 土地的，农村的Nuisance 妨害行为Public nuisance 公共公害Private nuisance 私人妨害Omission 疏忽；懈怠Contributory negligence 混合过失Entrant 参加者Confinement 拘禁Satisfaction 清偿Indemnity补偿Negligent mi

54、srepresentation 过失的虚假表述Malpractice 玩忽职守Sedition 煽动Libel 书面诽谤Loathsome 令人讨厌的Consortium 配偶的地位和权利Duty of care 注意义务Venereal 性交的Incompatible 矛盾的Unchastity 放荡Disparagement 轻视False light 扭曲他爱人形象Revelation 披露Deceive 欺诈Competitive torts 侵权竞合Idiosyncratic 独特的Premises 房地产Pass off 冒充Palm off 哄骗Recoup 重获Wherewithal 为做某事而需要的钱Disclose 告知L