2010届高三英语二轮总复习语法填空专题训练课件：介词

1、介词,介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,除此以外，介词还频繁出现在完型填空和短文改错。涉及面较广，考察了学生的词汇量和对介词的正确使用,考点解密,介词 ( preposition ),一 介词的分类与语法功能,1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、 代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。,介词分为： 简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to,合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout .,短语介词: according to 、 out of

2、 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of,双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.,2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.,3. He succeeded in passing the final exa

3、mination .,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time.,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.,总结 1：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词 、从句、 不定式组成介词短语。,总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语 、状语和 宾补。,This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world

4、could live without air or water . She always thinks herself above others,二. 介词搭配 动词 介词 rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc),supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ),make sth of / from / into,介词 the + 人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/,prevent sb from d

5、oing,persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason),buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ),tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read),give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ),say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper),同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for /

6、 at 同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand ,2. 形容词 介词 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar,1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics

7、 scientist _ the world . 3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far .,3. 名词 介词 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ stu

8、dying English . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom .,重点介词的用法归纳与辨析 表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring , in the first week of June,2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on,3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .,till , until , to 的用法。 1） till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂 动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不

9、用till ).,2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house,from one + 名词 to another 表 “依次” 名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one ,5. in , after , later,in + 一段时间 . 常用 一般将来时。 after + 一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。 after + 点时间 . 用各种时态。,一段时间 later 过去时,6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , t

10、o , off across , through over , under below , above to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）,along,7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词 by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段） by (交通工具类） by / with / in ( 方式、手段）,1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often cont

11、acts with his epals _ email .,8. On 与 about 区别 简单区分：about通俗大众；on学术【专业】性强,on与about 二者都是介词，意为“关于，论及”等，一般情况下，二者可以互相替换，但二者有点区别：about常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等； on多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性，如：The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. Its very moving. He will give us a talk on the history of the Part

12、y.他将给我们做个关于党史的报告。,注意:learn about,read about,quarrel about,hear about, story about 等短语一般涉及知识的深度,所以不能用on代替about。,Were going to listen to a lecture African history this afternoon He wrote the school. It is a book birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) It is a book birds. 那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事书),9. 表 “ 除 之外 ”

13、 的介词 besides , but except ， except for , except that ,注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but,All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature .,2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短语 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不） but for / but t

14、hat（要不是）,10. between / among (三者以上）,1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li. 2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby . 3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world . 4） A horse can be seen _ trees now.,1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his

15、 being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking .,10 表原因的介词： for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of,11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of,1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer.

16、 2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money . 3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without perseverance .,12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词） after since till / until before .,介词 ( preposition ),一 介词的分类与语法功能,1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、 代词（ 或相当于名词的其

17、他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。,介词分为： 简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to,合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout .,短语介词: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of,双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is goin

18、g to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.,2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.,3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time.,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.,1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？ 我们首先

19、必须知道两点： (1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句； (2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。 因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。,解题技巧,2. 应该填哪个介词？ 在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用： (1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题，“感到累了”应当是“干活一整天之后”，故填after。,(2)

20、由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广东高考31题，这是一个there be句型，该句型一般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”；可见 “_these proverbs”应当是表示地点的；不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背后”，故填behind。 (3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。 (4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。,例1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in

21、Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (广东),分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。,实例剖析,实例剖析,例2He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.,分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填f

22、rom。,例3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house.,分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。,例4I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her.,分析：句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。” 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”，是reward sb. for sth.

23、，即用for引出原因，故填for。 类似的表达还有: thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。 1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽) 2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京) 3. A great man sho

24、ws his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建) 4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建),into,by,by,with,5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (辽宁) 6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future succe

25、ss. (宁夏) 7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. (全国) 8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东),to,as,about,at,9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陕西) 10. Everything was perfect for the picnic

26、 except _ the weather. (浙江) 11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京) 12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建),beyond,for,against,for,13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almo

27、st hear our own heartbeats. (湖南) 14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西) 15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西) 16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国I),In,of on,for

28、,for,17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全国II) 18. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川) 19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江) 20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiti

29、ng hours. (福建) 21. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽),besides,between,of,beyond,beyond,22. Its a top secret. Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海) 23. People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁) 24. After the earthq

30、uake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西) 25. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江),between,about,for,on,26. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis now

31、adays. (上海) 27. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京) 28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海) 29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ which New York is an example. (四川),of,in,without,of,30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建) 31. The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东) 32. He was