2012高考英语被动语态详解课件

1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练,被 动 语 态 详 解,动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语的关系,主动语态:,被动语态:,主语是动作的执行者,主语是动作的承受者,语 态,汉语的把字句,汉语的被字句,翻译：汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，,而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 构成,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,被动语态的构成：,be +done（过去分词）,复习时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在动词的变化上，以give 为例，列表如下： 1 一般现在时： gi

2、ve 2 一般过去时： gave 3 一般将来时： shall / will + give 4 现在进行时： am / is / are + giving 5 现在完成时： have / has+ given 6 过去完成时： had + given 7 过去进行时： was / were + giving 8 过去将来时： should / would +give 9 将来完成时： shall / will + have + given 10 过去将来完成时： should / would + have + given 11. 现在完成进行时： have/ has been giving,(

3、二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 过去将来时： should / woul

4、d +be+ given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + given 注被动语态没有将来进行时，过去将来进行时和完成进行时。,(三)被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without

5、 a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3. 一般将来

6、时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed b

7、y the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms

8、are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be pu

9、t off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.,8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country w

10、as very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a gre

11、at many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,(四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were

12、 made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to he

13、r dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2）She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3. 必要时加上介词by 的宾语，（人或物）如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,(六)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new compu

14、ter. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语（物品）为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.

15、,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语（人）前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, pai

16、nt, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 难点：有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is kno

17、wn to people all over the world. (不用by短语),3. 看成整体 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, m

18、ake out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.,在使役动词have, make, get以及 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someone saw a stranger walk into the

19、building We heard her singing in the next room.,A stranger was seen to walk into the building. She was heard singing in the next room.,系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。 These flowers smell sweet 2那听起来很有道理。 That sounds very reasonable. 3那食物尝起来很可口。,The food tastes delici

20、ous,二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动 词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动 形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。 The box cant move. 2门不会关。,The door wont shut.,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表 达被动意义. 如:,This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。,This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。,The floor doesnt clean easily. 这地板不容易弄干净。,四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之 后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。 2孩子需要照顾。 3电视机需要修理。,The trees need watering. / The trees need to be watered.,Children want looking after./ Children want to be looked after,The TV needs mending./ The TV need