2015-2016高考英语非谓语动词复习

1、2016-2017高二英语非谓语动词复习学案2,一、先找出下列谚语中的非谓语动词，判断其在句中充当的成分，然后背诵。 1. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 2. It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木，百年树人。 3. One should eat to live, not live to eat. 人应为生而食，不应为食而生。 4. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起，使

2、人健康,富有,明智。 5. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。,动名词(doing) 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有动词的特征，它可以带宾语，也可用状语来修饰，也具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1、 作主语（5种） 1）直接位于句首做主语。 _ is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 _ is harmful to health 吸烟有害健康。 注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数,Reading,Smoking,2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语，达到平衡句子结构。 It is

3、 no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型： It is + no use/no good/useless + v.ing 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语,相当于一个主语从句，例如： _ to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 _ was a great encouragement to us. (主语从句),T

4、heir coming,That they came to help,2、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, par

5、don, cant stand, put off, give up, 等。如： Would you mind _?你介意打开窗户吗？ Seeing the picture, he couldnt help_. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。 Mark often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作宾语。 The music is well worth_ more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。,openin

6、g,laughing,being fined,listening to,（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom , depend on, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of,

7、 be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。 I dream of _(visit) the moon some day in the future. When we heard the humorous joke, we burst out _.(laugh) When it comes to _(keep) fit, playing sports enjoys popularity among people.,visiting,l

8、aughing,keeping,*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略： (1)S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing （2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V.ing （3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing Do you have any difficulty_? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？ I should spend more time _(learn) English to get more compe

9、titive.,understanding oral English,learning,3、作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 My job is_. 我的工作是教英语。 What I hate most is _. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。,teaching English,being laughed at by others,4、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： a _ stick stick which is used for walking 拐

10、杖 a _ machine = a machine which is used for washing 洗衣机 a _ room =a room which is used for reading 阅览室 _ pills =pills which is used for sleeping 安眠药 游泳池_ 候车室_ 饮用水_ 学习方法_,swimming pool,waiting room,drinking water,learning method,walking,washing,reading,sleeping,二、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑

11、主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如： _ encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That he came to help encouraged all of us.) _ caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) 在

12、口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：,His coming to help,Janes being careless,Would you mind _? 你介意我用你的电脑吗？ The father insisted on_. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。 _ made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。 _ made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。,me using your computer,his son going to school

13、,His smoking,Marys being ill,三、动名词的时态和语态 （一）时态 1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。 _is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。 2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 I dont remember_. 我记不得以前见过他。 （二）语态 动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如： I dont like_ in publi

14、c. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。 He came in without_. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。 四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ing I apologize for_. 没有等你，我向你表示歉意。,Being careless,having seen him before,being laughed by others,without being invited,not waiting for you,巩固练习 1.Doing 2.writing 3.fishing 4.reading 5.being 6.learning 7.written, reading 8.he

15、aring 9.talking, to tell you 10.studying,11.reading 12.getting 13.go,句子翻译 1.谢谢你帮我。 2.感激你帮我学英语。 3.我迟到了，向你道歉。 4.游泳是夏天最好的运动。 5.一听到这个坏消息，她就哭了。 6.这本书很值得一读。 Thank you for helping me. I am grateful to you for helping me with my English. I apologize to you for my being late. Swimming is the best the sports

16、in summer. On hearing the news, she cried. The book is well worth reading.,分词用法doing/done,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。在句子中充当定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“ ”，过去分词表示“ ”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。,主动或正在进行,被动或动作已完成,1) 作定语 现在分词作定语，多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行，也可表示经常性的动作或状态；而过去分词作定语，则

17、多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。 例如：The man _ at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。 _ air and water are harmful to peoples health. 污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。,standing,Polluted,2) 作表语 现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。 例如：I am firmly _ that he is honest. 我坚信他是诚实的

18、。convince The idea seems quite _. 这个主意好像很有令人信服的。convince,convinced,convincing,3) 作宾语补足语 现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词(如hear, see, notice, watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后，亦可以用于“with+复合宾语”结构中。选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系，如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词，如果是被动关系则用过去分词。 例如：We watched the teacher _(make

19、) the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。 When he came in, he found the window_(break). 当他进来时，发现窗户被打破了。,making,broken,4) 作状语 分词作状语时，现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况等；过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随情况等。 例如：_(hear) the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声，他们都冲了出来。 _(encourage) by the te

20、acher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励，我们比以前更努力地学习。 【扩展】分词短语作状语时，它表示分词的逻辑主语与句子主语是一致的。这时分词的逻辑主语要省略。 例如：Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆，听着华盛顿的故事。(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作),Hearing,Encouraged,如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，就必须有一个名词或一个主格代词作它意义上的逻辑主语，构成一个独立短语，这种“名词(主

21、格代词)+分词”的结构称为“独立主格”结构。 例如：The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤，他只好站着。(分词的逻辑主语是the bus，句子的主语是he) It being fine, Ill go fishing. 天气好的话，我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It，句子的主语是I),分词作状语可以转换成相应的状语从句，例如： Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 时间状语 =_, she saw an old friend. Having lived in the city fo

22、r many years, I knew it well. 原因状语 =_, I knew it well. Going there by plane, you will arrive there tomorrow morning. 条件状语 =_,you will arrive there tomorrow morning. Riding a bike or driving a car, you must follow traffic rules. 让步状语 =_, you must follow traffic rules.,When she was walking in the park

23、,Because/Since I had living in the city for many years,If you go there by plane,Whether you ride a bike or drive a car,考点：现在分词化形容词doing与过去分词化形容词done区别 表示“令人”(主动含义)，表示“感到”（被动含义）像这样的动词有：excite, surprise, interest, frighten, astonish, satisfy, inspire, please, disappoint, delight, worry, frustrate, bor

24、e, tire, amuse, It is believed that if a book is _, readers will surely be _in it. (interest),interesting,interested,考点： 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 1. stop to do（停现在做的去做另一件事） stop doing（停止正在做某事） 2 .forget to do（忘记去做某事） forget doing（忘记做了某事） 3. remember to do（记得要去做某事） remember doing（记得做过某事） 4.

25、 regret to do（遗憾做某事） regret doing（遗憾做了某事） 6 .try to do（努力做某事） try doing（试着做某事） 7.go on to do（继续去做某事） go on doing（继续做某事） 8. mean to do（打算做某事） mean doing（做某事很有意义） 9. begin/ start to do（开始去做某事） begin/ start doing（开始做某事）,He forgot _ (turn) the light off, for it was on all night. . Dont forget _(come) to

26、morrow. Dont forget _(post) the letter for me. Have you forgotten _(meet) her in Beijing Airport? Remember _(close) the windows before you leave. I remember _(write) him a letter a year ago. We regret _(tell) you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted _(order) these bo

27、oks from abroad.,to turn,to come,to post,meeting,to close,writting,to tell,ordering,巩固练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空,1.told, interesting 2.excited, exciting, 3.mend 4.Looking, satisfied 5. Taken, attached 6. To treasure, to tolerate, to share 7. confused, misunderstanding 8.living, to fall 9. Playing, delighted

28、10.to do, to help,11.thinking 12.leaving 13.to collect, created, passed 14.buying, 15.Using, learning 16.to imagine 17.hearing, throwing, to feed 18.to have 19.playing, relaxed, (to) study 20.Knowing, to go,二、单句改错 【答案与解析】 1. to buy改为buying 2. send改为sending 3. puzzled改为puzzling 4. prepare改为preparing 5.去掉to 6. pulling改为pulled 7read-reading 8去掉been 9. having改为to have 10. permits-permitting,或句首加If,11. was改为being 12. hear改为h