2018高考英语大一轮复习语法专题四形容词和副词课件

1、四、形容词和副词,语法精讲,考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 1.形容词的基本用法 形容词在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、 状语等。 2.副词的基本用法 副词在句中可以用作状语(修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句 子)、表语、定语和宾语补足语。,3.意义有别的同根副词,close接近地 closely仔细地 free免费地 freely自由地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 late迟,晚 lately 近来 most极,非常 mostly主要地 wide广阔地 widely广泛地 high高 highly高度地 deep 深 deeply深,深刻地,深沉地 Deep in

2、 thought,he didnt notice me. 陷入沉思中,他没注意到我。 He was deeply moved by the moving story. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。,考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则形式 单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构 成。如:clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:,多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。 activemore activemost active happilymore happilymost happ

3、ily,(2)不规则变化,特别提示 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级: relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,afraid,unique,present,simply,right,wrong,sure,round等。,2.基本用法 (1)两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。 He learns as quickly as his classmates. 他和他的同学学得一样快。,特别提示 在同等比较级中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。 Our neighbor has as big

4、 a house as ours. 我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。,(2)两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so+原级+as”。 Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.不幸的 是,我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。 (3)两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比 更”,用“not+比较级+than”。 Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便

5、。 This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。,特别提示 比较级的修饰语 比较级可以被 much,far,still,even,hardly,rather,a bit,a little,a great deal等修饰,用以加强语气。 His handwriting is much better than mine. 他的书法比我的好多了。,3.特殊用法 (1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示 “越来越”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent.

6、在很多方面,我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。 (2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。 The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. 我越烦就越不能集中精力。 (3)“more+原级+than”表示“与其说不如说”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。,(4)“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非所能;不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describ

7、e. 这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 (5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需 要加定冠词。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。,特别提示 有时形容词最高级前不用the,句中的most 相当于very,意为“非常,十分”。 This is a most interesting story. 这是一个很有趣的故事。,4.比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级 含义。 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than+the other+

8、复数名词 比较级+than+anyone/ anything else 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家,即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。,5.表示倍数的三个常用句型 (1).倍数+as+原级+as. He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有约翰的三倍快。 (2).倍数+比较级+than. This table is t

9、hree times bigger than that one. 这张桌子比那张桌子大2倍。 (3).倍数+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of. This table is three times the size of that one. 这张桌子是那张的三倍大。,考点三 形容词和副词的词形变化 1.常见的形容词后缀,2.形容词转换为副词,真题链接,1.The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016全国) 2.If you feel stressed by re

10、sponsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.(2016全国) 3.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).(2016全国),答案及剖析: 1.officially 句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应 用副词形式。 2.greater 句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到

11、有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下, 识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知,great应 与less并列,故用比较级greater。 3.regularly 句意:近期的研究表明,如果有规律地短暂休息,我们的工作效率 会更高。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks,需用副词。,4.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual)turned into chopsticks. (2016全国) 5.Chinese scientists (recent) had a chan

12、ce to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016四川),答案及剖析: 4.gradually 句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树枝就逐渐演 变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词短语turned into,所以用副词形式。 5.recently 句意:最近,中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的 熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。此处需用副词形式作状语,修饰整个 句子。,跟踪训练,.单句语法填空 1.He was very good-looking,with a very pleasant,sociable manner, and after

13、 the introductions,conversation flowed most . (enjoyable) in the little group. 2.As the idea of low-carbon life is now (wide) accepted, more and more people travel by public transport. 3.My grandfather is as (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.,答案及剖析: 1.enjoyably 考

14、查派生词的用法。句意:他很好看,举止友好,令人愉快;介绍了 之后,小组里就非常开心地聊了起来。由句子结构可知此处用副词修饰动词 flowed。 2.widely 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处在句中作状语,表示抽象含 义“广泛地”,因此填提示词的副词形式widely。 3.energetic 考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处在句中作表语,因此填提 示词的形容词形式energetic。,4.Young people go to college with the expectation that (good) educated people get a higher pay. 5. (s

15、urprise) and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 6.As time went on,the old mans health is going from bad to . (bad). 7.It is a well-known fact that smoking is too (harm) to our health.,答案及剖析: 4.better 考查形容词比较级的用法。根据下文中的a higher pay可知,此处填 提示词的比较级形式better。 5.Surprised 考查派生词的用法。此处填提示词的形容词形式surp

16、rised,意思 是“感到吃惊的”,和形容词happy一起在句中作状语,修饰主语Tony。 6.worse 考查形容词比较级的用法。此处填提示词的比较级形式worse。go from bad to worse 为固定短语,意思是“每况愈下,越来越糟”。 7.harmful 考查派生词的用法。此处填提示词的形容词形式harmful。be harmful to意思是“对有害”。,8.Poor student behaviour seems to be an (increase) widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are pr

17、obably responsible for this. 9.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their . (nature) course. 10.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the dog.(2017江 西红色七校一联),答案及剖析: 8.increasingly 考查派生词的用法。句意:学生糟糕的行为似乎成了 一个越来越普遍的问题,我认为这种现象是现代生活方式造成的。设 空处要用副词来修饰形容词widespread。increasingly越来越多地。 9.n

18、atural 考查派生词的用法。此处在句中作定语,修饰名词course, 因此填提示词的形容词形式natural。 10.gently 考查派生词的用法。句意:他坐了下来开始温柔地和狗谈了 起来。此处需用副词gently作talking的状语。,.单句语法改错(含非本专项及一句二错试题) 1.His calming,gently voice did wonders and I decided to study harder and complete my graduation early. 2.I could not stay calmly and shouted rudely at him.

19、 3.When I was a kid,my friend Liz became very sicker.,答案及剖析: 1.gentlygentle;earlyearlier 句意:他那令人平静、温和的话语 的确发生了奇迹,我决定更努力学习,早日完成大学学业。voice是名 词,前面须用形容词修饰;后面句子是由and连接的并列句,根据其前面 的study harder可知,后一句也须用比较级。 2.calmlycalm 句意:我没能保持镇定并向他粗鲁地喊了起来。Stay 在本句中为系动词,后需加形容词作表语。 3.sickersick 句意:当我小的时候,我的朋友Liz病得很厉害。副词 ve

20、ry修饰形容词原级,故将sicker改为sick。,4.All that can be done have been done. 5.If smokers cant quit smoking once and for all,they can reduce the number of cigarettes they have per day until this bad habit is dropped complete.(2017安徽示范性高中联考) 6.First,it was importantly to take a Chinese course,as you ll be able to learn from the teacher and practising with your fellow students.,答案及剖析: 4.havehas all作主语时,若指人,谓语动词要用复数形式,若指物,谓语动词 要用单数形式。 pletecompletely 句意:如果烟民不能一次性地戒烟,他们可以减少每 天抽烟的数量,直到最后完全戒除这种坏习惯。根据句子结构可知,修饰is dropped须用副词。 6.imp