中考复习名词冠词数词

1、名词,名词,可数名词,不可数名词 （量的表示）,（形式变化）,(可数名词与不可数名词),可数名词: 表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词.表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数.可数名词前一般要用不定冠词a/an.可数名词的复数是灾单数名词后面加”s”或 “es”. 可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a/an.,I have a watermelon.,He has two watermelons.,He has a watermelons.,He has watermelon.,True,True,False,False,Uncountable nouns: 表示不能计算数目的物,称为不可数名词,它们前面

2、不能用不定冠词a/an,没有复数形式. 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词. I like music. There is no water or air on the moon.,抽象名词,物质名词,可数名词单数变复数的规律,大部分可数名词直接在其后加s. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i再加es.如：study-studies 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加es.如：watchwatches, box-boxes classclasses, brushbrushes 其他变化规律见中考专项第二页,Exercises,将下列单词变成复数 bus- class- box- match- wat

3、ch- tomato- potato- radio- photo- zoo- family- country- city- story- baby- key- boy- life- knife- leaf- woman- Frenchman- foot- American- Chinese- sheep- child-,buses classes boxes matches watches,tomatoes potatoes,radios photos zoos,families counties cities stories babies,keys boys,sheep,children,k

4、nives,leaves,lives,Frenchmen,women,Americans,feet,Chinese,不可数名词 数量的表达法： 在不可数名词前加of短语,利用量词和容器 的数量来表示不可数名词的 “量”.,a bottle of milk-two bottles of milk a piece of meat-three pieces of meat,表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some, a lot of , much, a little , little, lots of,巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶桔汁 （5）半公斤鸡肉 （6）

5、许多瓶牛奶,重点再现,a bottle of juice a glass of milk a bag of rice,a pound of bread a piece of meat a kilo of chicken,2 bottles of juice 3 glasses of milk 4 bags of rice,5 pounds of bread 6 pieces of meat 7 kilos of chicken,1.不可数名词以容器来计量 如:,2.不可数名词以表示数量的单位来计算 如:,复数形式,复数形式,只把容器变复数,只把计量单位变复数,注意问题,不可数名词可用作复数的几

6、种情况。 用来表示类别时，可用复数。例如： drinks各种饮料 vegetables各种蔬菜 foods各种食物 fruits各种水果 There arent any _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs,A,选择填空,( )1. I want three _ white paper. A. pieces B. piece of C. pieces of ( )2. Do you want to drink much _

7、? A. a milk B. milk C. milks ( )3. In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground. A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves ( )4. My sister has two _. One is old, the other is new. A. a watch B. watchs C. watches,C,B,C,C,选择填空,( )5. They come from Japan. Theyre _. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. a Japanese ( )6. Some

8、 _ are coming to help us. A. peoples B. people C. the people ( )7. The horse has four _. A. feet B. feets C. foots ( ) 8.The boy hurt one of his _, so he couldnt walk any longer. A. teeth B. hands C. feet D. ears,A,C,B,A,选择填空,( )9. We have a lot of _ to do. A. works B. work C. worker ( )10. Can you

9、see many _ are eating the grass at the foot of the hill? A. sheeps B. sheep C. a sheep ( )11. There are six _ in kitchen. A. bag of rice B. bags of rices C. bags of rice ( )12. Do you like American _ ? A.foods B. food C. a food,B,B,C,B,( )13. He has three _ under the bed. A. pair of shoe B. pairs of

10、 shoe C. pairs of shoes ( )14. _ come from England. They speak English. A. Englishman B. Englishmans C. Englishmen ( )15. Im hungry. Give me _ to eat. A. two pieces of bread B. two piece of breads C. two piece of bread,C,C,A,1.Sue and Joan are _. A.twins brother B.twin brothers C.twins sisters D.twi

11、n sisters 2.There are lots of _ over there. A.apples trees B.apples tree C.apple trees D.apple tree 3.There_ a little sheep under the tree. A.are B. is C. be D. arent 4.My school is about twenty_walk from here. A.minutes B.minutes C.minutes D.minute 5.The_of an air ticket from Dalian to Guangzhou is

12、 about 1,800 yuan. A. price B. money D. pay D. use,Choose the best answer,D,C,B,B,A,THE FIRST ROUND,6.-What can I do for you? -Id like two_. A.box of apple B.boxes of apple C.box of apples D.boxes of apples 8.-Can I help you? -Id like some _. A.bottle of orange B.bottles of oranges C.bottle of orang

13、es D.bottles of orange,D,D,C,名词所有格,1._hat looks like a cat. (Lucy) 2.They are the _ desks. (twin) 3.This shop sells _(child) toys. 4.He is _father. (Kate and Jim) 5._mothers are in the same factory. (Kate and Jim),#单数名词一般直接加 s #以 s / es 结尾的复数名词加 #不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 s #表示两个或两个以上的人共同所有的事物时,只在最后一个名词上加 s #表示

14、两个或两个以上的人各自所有的事物时,每个名词后都加 s, 后面的名词用复数,Lucys,twins,childrens,Kate and Jims,Kates and Jims,:名词所有格多数用于有生命的物体后,表示所属关系(的）,1. March 8th is Womens Day .(妇女节) 2.The children are wearing new clothes on Childrens Day .(儿童节那天) 3. This is Lily and Lucys room .莉莉和露西的房间） 4. They are Lilys and Lucys rooms .（莉莉和露西的

15、房间）,5. This new bike is my friend, Toms.（我的朋友汤姆的） 6. The old teacher is a friend of mine/one of my friends. （是我的一个朋友） 7. The girl in red is a good friend of my sisters / one of my sisters good friends.（是我姐姐的一个好朋友）,1.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Ja

16、nes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 2. Two bags are on the table. They are _. the twins B. the twins C. twins D. twins,冠词,冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分不定冠词，定冠词和零冠词三种。a和an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。以辅音音素开头的名词前用a,以元音音素开头的名词前用an。如： a book a university an apple a red apple an hour an umbrella an orang

17、e,不定冠词的用法,在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物。 This is a book. 2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 3. 泛指某人或某物。 A girl is waiting for you.,定冠词的用法,表示双方都知道的人或事物。 Give me the book, please. 2. 表示特指的或上文已提到的人或物。 Do you know the girl in red? 3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。 The earth moves around the sun.,4.用在序数词、形容词最高

18、级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的特殊比较级前： The first class is very easy. She is the most careful student in the class. He is the younger of the two boys.,5. 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前面，或有普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall the Summer Palace 6. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人。 The rich should help the poor.,零冠词的用法,1.不可数名词和复数名词表示泛指时，前面用零冠词

19、Man cant live without water. Horses are useful animals. 2. 用在三餐、球类及学科名词前面。 He often plays football after school. We all like English.,用在与by连用的交通工具前 by car, by train 但是take a bus, in a boat, on the bike 前要加冠词。,一、数词的分类 1、基数词 1）2199 的两位数，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成；例如： 53 fifty-three 2）101999 的三位数由 hundred 加 and

20、再加两位数或末位数；例如： 325 three hundred and twenty-five 3）基数词 hundred, thousand , million, billion表示确切数目时不能加s；例如： five thousand students 但是：在表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式，如： hundreds of / thousands of students,2、序数词 1）序数词一般由基数词后 + th构成，前面一般加定冠词the，例如： He was first in the race. The girl came out first/second in the contes

21、t. 2）以ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y改成i，再加eth。例如： the twentieth ；the fiftieth,3）不规则的序数词有以下几个： first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 4）“二十”以上的多位数，个位数用序数词，其余仍用基数词。例如： ninety-third ; one hundred and forty-ninth 5）基数词与序数词连用时，通常是序数词在前。例如： the first two pages of the book,3、其他几种数词 1）分数由基数词和序数词合成，分子用基数词，分

22、母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式。如： one (a) third ; two thirds ; one and two-thirds ; 但 one (a) half ; one (a) quarter / one (a) fourth ; three quarters 注意：a year and a half/one and a half years（一年半） 2）小数点读point；“零”读o字母读音或zero；小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如： 0. 62-zero point six two 3）百分数由per cent（percent）表示： 29% - 2

23、9 percent,二、数词在句中的作用 1、主语： Two of them are teachers. The third is green. 2、定语： There are fifty students in our class. They live on the third floor.,3、宾语： Give me two. Give me the second. 4、表语： Im eighteen now. You are the first to speak at the meeting. 5、同位语： You may leave it to us two. 6、状语： This r

24、oom is one-sixth larger than that one.,三、时间表示法 1、钟点 1）正读法按时间表上的数字读；先读钟点数，后读分钟数。如： 10：20ten twenty / 8：36eight thirty-six 2）表示几点过几分，用介词past，多用在半小时以内（包括半小时）。分钟数在介词的前面，时钟数在介词的后面，采用倒读法。如： 9：30half past nine / 7：05five past seven,3）表示几点差几分，用介词to，多用在半小时以上（不包括半小时）。也用倒读法。如： 8：50ten to nine / 11：45a quarter

25、to twelve 4）表示整点 8：00eight(oclock) 5）表示在某个钟点，用介词at。如： They begin to work at half past seven. （他们七点半开始工作。）,三、时间表示法 2、日期 1）年代用基数词，在某年要用介词in。如： He was born in 1983. （1983读成nineteen eighty-three） 2）月份首字母要大写，在某月也用介词in，如果有年代出现，在月份名后加年代，中间用逗号。如： It happened in January, 1999. 3）日期用序数词（序数词前加the），在某日用介词on。如：

26、on the first ;on the eighteenth,三、时间表示法 4）月日同时出现时可有两种表示法： 英国说法：顺序为先日后月。如： 4(th) May（五月四日 读成 the fourth of May） 美国说法：顺序为先月后日。如： May 4(th)（五月四日 读成 May the fourth） 表示在某月某日，不管用在前还是在后，都用介词on。如： The meeting will be held on March 9(th). Well leave for Shanghai on 8th June. 5)年月日同时出现时，年代位于最后，其前加逗号。如： Mary was born on Janua