M1M1P2 Grammar 1 Passive Voice

1、高中第三册,Europe,Module 1,More than eight million tourists visit Paris every year. Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.,GRAMMAR,主语,动词,宾语,时间状语,主语,动词,时间状语,动作发出者,Passive Voice,The following sentences are the same.,1. An architect called Antonio Gaudi designed the Sagrada Familia

2、. The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. 2. Great artists produced Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists.,3. (People) know Athens as the birthplace of western civilisation. A

3、thens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. 4. (Someone) built the Parthenon during this period. The Parthenon was built during this period.,语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + v-ed形式。,动词的被动语态,由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动

4、词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。,1. 被动语态的构成 1）一般现在时 am/is/are + v-ed You are wanted on the telephone. 有人给你打电话。 2）一般过去时 was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 3）一般将来时 will be + v-ed Youll be allowed to go out tomorrow.

5、明天让你出去。,4）现在进行时和过去进行时 The building is being built. 这幢楼正在建设之中。 The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。 5）现在完成时和过去完成时 This book has been translated into English. 这本书已被译成英语。 The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。,2. 被动语态的用法 1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。 The book is written for teachers. 这种书是为教

6、师写的。 2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的短语)。 The shop is run by a young man. 这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。,3) 出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。 It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here. 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。 4) 被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。 Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。,

7、3. 学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点,1) 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。 These books must be taken good care of. 这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after. 孩子们受到了良好的护理。,2) 带双宾语的动词的被动语态： (give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主 语，另一个宾语

8、作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语，作状语。 我们给他一些图画书。 We gave him some picture-books. He was given some picture-books. Some picture-books were given to him.,3) 情态动词的被动语态。 (情态动词+be+v-ed) 原子是可分的。 We can divide an atom. An atom can be divided. 4) 有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如： sell, wash, draw, keep, prove, clean, run, wear, cook, read,

9、 smoke, cut, burn等。 The book sells well. 这本书畅销。 Silk wears well. 丝耐穿。 This cloth washes well. 这种布料耐洗。,4. Practice:,1. Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. _ from here? A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can be seen it D. Can see 答案 B。 Town Hall (市政厅)应当是被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个问句，故选B。,2. The c

10、eremony has already started. Look! The flag is _ now. A. being raised B. risen C. being rose D. raising 答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举起，升起。后要接宾语，故 D不适用。 being raised正在被升起，正符合题意。,3. The assassination attempt _ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw b

11、y C. seen by D. was seen for 答案A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。,4. The things talked about in this report _ over a year ago. A. had taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 答案B。take place, occur, happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。,5. The Anti-Japanese War _ in 1937 and it _

12、eight years. A. was broken out; lasted B. broke out; lasted C. break out; lasts D. broke out; was lasted 答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。,6. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand _. A. feels so cold B. is felt so coldly C. feels so coldly D. feel so cold 答案 A。 feel（摸起来有的感觉）seem, sound, l

13、ook 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。,7. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 答案D。before引导的时间状语从句中 用现在时表示将来，而collection与 complete之间为被动关系。 我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。,8. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is ser

14、ved C. serves D. served 答案B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”，此处应用被动语态。 在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。,9. Hell be an astronaut by the time he _ thirty. A. is B. had been C. will be D. is going to be 答案 A。主句中用的是一般将来时， by the time引导时间状语从句中用现 在时态表示将来。 到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。,10. If city noises _ fro

15、m increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 答案A。If从句中，“噪声被加以控制”需用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句中时间状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来时表示，所以答案为A。,如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后甚至在餐桌上人们将不得不大声叫嚷才能使对方

16、听见。,11. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 答案B。主句中为一般将来时，unless引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，而“措施”应该是 “被采取”，用被动语态。 如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。,12. Good care must _ babies particularly while they are ill. (1992) A. take B. take of C.

17、 be taken D. be taken of 答案 D。 take care of babies意为“照看 婴儿”。句子主语为care，谓语动词必 须用被动语态，所以答案为D。 婴儿必须得到精心的照顾，尤其是在他们生病时。,1. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. 2. Father gave me a toy at Christmas. 3. This factory produces machine tools. 4. They should do it at once. 5. He is likely to let yo

18、u down. 6. They named the child Tom.,5. 主动句转被动句,He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).,I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).,Machine tools are produced in this factory.,The child was named Tom.,It should be done at once (by them).,You are likely to be let down.,高考链接,1. Th

19、e flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (2007全国I) A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. As the years passed, many occasions birthdays, awards, graduations _ with Dads flowers. (2007湖南) A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked,3. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)

20、 _birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007重庆) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought,高考链接,4. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. (2007辽宁) A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grad