高一英语上总复习

1、总复习,高一必修一,Unit12.直接引语变间接引语,一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：,She said. My brother wants to go with me. ,She said her brother wanted to go with her.,二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：,He s

2、aid to Kate. How is your sister now?,He asked Kate how her sister was then。,第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：,Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。,Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。,二、如何变时态：,直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：,1)She said. I

3、have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen,2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.,练习 She said. He will go to see his friend。,She said he would go to see his friend。,但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。,The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher

4、told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：,Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：,Xiao Wang sa

5、id. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：,He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。,如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）

6、不再变。如：,Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。,Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. H

7、e added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. Im always upset when I dont get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite u

8、pset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。,Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I cant ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm eve

9、n in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy itll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地-能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。,be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enq

10、uired after when youre ill. It shows your friends havent stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The governments claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为 v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走

11、了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了.,fall in love vt. 陷入爱河(爱上,喜爱) 1. It is natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl. 他爱上那位美丽的姑娘是很自然的事。 2. Its my karma always to fall in love with brunettes. 我爱上

12、的总是深褐色头发、 浅黑色皮肤的白种女子, 这是我的缘分. 3. You say you dont believe in marriage, but I bet you sing a different song when you finally fall in love. 你说你认为结婚是无谓的, 但我肯定你最终爱上一个人的时候你就不这么说了.,join in 参加,加入 1. We want to join in the masquerade. 我们想去参加化装舞会。 2. Can I join in (the game)? 我参加(这个游戏)行吗? 3. I will join in t

13、he project, heart and hand. 我会满腔热情地参加这项工程。 join，join in，jointo join的基本词义是“加入某个党派或社会团体，从而成为该党派或团体的一员”。例： When did they join the conservation organization?他们是什么时候参加环保组织的?,The prodigy joined the International Association of Poets，Playwrights，Editors， Essayists and Novelists(PEN)when he was only fourtee

14、n years old.这位天才在十四岁时便成为国际笔会会员。 join in的意思是“参加某项运动或活动”，例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。例： More than ten thousand workers have joined in this strike.有一万多名工人参加了此次罢工。 All of us will join in the celebration of the victory of World War .我们全都参加这次庆祝世界二次大战胜利的活动。 There were many extracurricular activities，but Peter never join

15、ed in.尽管有很多课外活动，但彼德从不参加。 join to的意思是“和接触”、“与相连”。例： Our house is joined to Mr.Sos.我们的房子和苏先生的房子相连。 请注意，join之后如接 oneself再加to，就表示“参加”、“加入”的意思。如： To my surprise，Mr.Li joined himself to the opposite party last month.令我惊奇的是，上个月李先生竟然参加了反对党。,1.add up 合计;加起来 2.calm down 平静下来;镇定下来 3.have got to 不得不;必须 4.calm d

16、own 平静下来;镇定下来 5.walk the dog 遛狗 6.pay for 为付钱 7.sharewith 与分担/分享 8.laugt at 嘲笑 9.go through 经历;经受 10.hide away 躲藏;隐藏 11.set down 放下;记下;登记 12.aseries of 一连串的; 13.on purpose 故意 14.grow/becrazy about 对十分狂热;十分痴迷 15.inorderto 为了 16.happen to dosth.碰巧做某事17.go down stairs 下 18.face to face 面对面地 19.putaway

17、把放下来(待用) 20.at dusk 黄昏时分 21.have trouble with 在方面有麻 22.go along/on with 与相处;进展 23.fall in love 相爱;爱上 24.think of 想出;想到 25.join in 参加;加入 26.show ones interest in 对感兴趣 municate with 与交流 28.pay attention to 注意 29.more than one 不止一个 30.in some important ways 在某些重要方面而言,三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由

18、现在改为原来（例：now变then,yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由此改为彼（例：this 改为that),如： He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.,四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

19、直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如： He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to scho

20、ol by bus or by bike.,直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 （宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the c

21、hildren not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用suggest +动句词（或从句）。如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话

22、，这叫做直接引语； 一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, Im going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况： 1 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He

23、 said , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him.,2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often

24、went there to read newspapers. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you? She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。 I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来

25、的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked , Where do you live? He asked me where I lived.,3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His fath

26、er told him not to leave the door open.注意 （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window.

27、Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music.,4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that i

28、t was a lovely day. 5如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。 如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语， 一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said The earth goes round the sun. The teach

29、er said that the earth goes round the sun.,（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如： He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种

30、反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The girl said, I get up at six every morning. The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词， 从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had ta

31、ught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时， 这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如： The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He

32、said , I could swim when I was only six . He said that he could swim when he was only six.,完,基本的日语学习,。 (kon ni ji wa) 你好。 。 (kon ban wa) 晚上好。 。 (o ha you go za i mas) 早上好。 休()。 (o ya su mi na sai) 晚安。 元気()。 (o gen ki de s ka?) 您还好吧，相当于英语的“How are you”，一种打招呼的方式。 。 (i ku la de s ka?) 多少钱?,。 (su mi ma sen) 不好意思，麻烦你。相当于英语的“Excuse me”。用于向别人开口时。 。 (go men na sai) 对不起。 。 (dou iu ko to de su ka?) 什么意思呢? 山田中国语()上手()。 (ta na ka san wa jiu go ku ko ga zyou zu de su ne) 山田的中国话说的真好。 。 (m