高中英语写作高考必备写作方法

1、Writing good sentences,Task 1: These are some sentences written by students. Find problems.,Everyone knows that get early is good to themselves. The new week is start. If something I like and I can afford it. I buy it instantly. Continued three days I got up late. more and more lazy. I dont like Cha

2、ngchun. Especially the traffic here. No reason to be lazy. Next year should have a new beginning. They all come from different country. going together. Like an international meeting.,Types of sentences,Sentence however, I hate playing volleyball. I enjoy playing football; I hate playing volleyball.,

3、Type of sentences,complex sentences e.g. Although I enjoy playing football, I hate playing volleyball. I hate playing football although I enjoy playing football. compound-complex sentences e.g. I hate playing volleyball, but I enjoy playing football although I am not very good at it.,Problems in wri

4、ting simple sentences,Fragments: A fragment is a piece of sentence, not a complete sentence.,Task 2: Which of the following items are complete sentences, and which are fragments?,Such as cola and soda water. Whats the matter? River polluted by chemicals. Linguistics, the study of language. Economy p

5、lays an important role in our society. Writing a letter home every week. Frightened by the big dog. The child began to cry. Mr. Smith, a friend, is coming to visit us next week.,Problems in writing simple sentences,Over-stuffed simple sentencesA sentence must have unity. (i.e. All the elements of a

6、sentence must be related to each other, and together they must express the full meaning of an idea.) Sometimes, in the rush of free-writing, we over-staff a sentence with unconnected elements. Example: Like other rooms in Dorm 8, our room has a light-yellow wooden door opposite to the window, a dark

7、-red wooden bookshelf on one side of the door, a light-yellow luggage-shelf on the other, two purple iron bunk beds along each side of the room, four orange wooden desks and eight wooden stools of the same color standing in the middle, two fluorescent lamps hanging above them.,Problems in writing si

8、mple sentences,Task 3: Rewrite the above sentence. Like other rooms in Dorm 8, our room has a light-yellow wooden door opposite to the window. On one side of the door is a dark-red wooden bookshelf; on the other is a light-yellow luggage-shelf. Along each side of the room are two purple iron bunk be

9、ds. Between the beds stand four orange wooden desks and eight wooden stools of the same color in the middle of the room. Above them hang two fluorescent lamps.,Writing effective sentences,Unity,Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. A unified sentence expresses a single complete though

10、t. It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself. For example: Faulty: Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. Revised: He was born in a small town in South China in the early 50s

11、. In his childhood he liked to sing songs. Later he entered a conservatory. In the 70s he became a famous musician.,Unity,Task 4: Identify the problems with the following sentence. She speaks and walks very quickly and smiles frequently.,Coherence,Coherence means clear and reasonable connection betw

12、een parts. A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear.,Coherence: Faulty parallel structure,Parallel ideas had better be expressed in parallel constructions, which give emphasis, clarity and coherence to a sentence. Look at the fo

13、llowing faulty sentences. 1. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds. 2. We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman. 3. We have great faith and high hopes for her.,Coherence: Ambiguous reference,Look at the following faulty sentences. She told my

14、sister that she was wrong. He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious. Im going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like.,Coherence: Dangling modifier,The modifier is not grammatically related to the noun or pronoun it is intended to modify. Look at the

15、following faulty sentences. Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach. On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!” To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.,Coherence: Misplaced modifier,Look at

16、the following faulty sentences. I read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen. She bought several picture books and put them into her bag, which she intended to give to her children. The idea he mentioned at first sounded good. He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody

17、 believed.,Coherence: Confusing shift in person, number, mood, and voice,Look at the following faulty sentences. An important thing for the students to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize. Those who wish to take Linguistics are expected to sign his name on this sheet of

18、paper. Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Dont rely on your teachers help. She reviewed the lesson taught last week and all the exercises assigned by the teacher were done.,Conciseness,A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the

19、 fewer words are used, the better.,Conciseness: Look the following wordy sentences.,It was blue in color. He returned in the early part of the month of August. He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing. There was a pine tree that stood like a giant on the top

20、of the mountain. It towered over the trees around it. Mr. Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France. Li Qing, who was a first-year student of the college, would go to a park near her school every day in the morning. She would bring a small recorder with her. In the

21、park she would find a quiet corner and listen to a tape of English stories.,Conciseness,Task 5: Choose from what you wrote a paragraph that has the most problems. Rewrite it. Pay special attention to the clarity and coherence of sentences. Hand both drafts in next class.,Diction General and specific

22、 words,General and specific words,Professionals: scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists,Learn to use specific words,Although both general and specific words are useful, a student learning to write should make an effort to master and use specific words wherever possible. Specific words h

23、elp to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words.,Learn to use specific words,A good man: kind, honest, just, generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable Good food: tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich wholesome,

24、 fresh, appetizing, abundant House: mansion, villa, cottage, bungalow, cabin, hut, shack Laugh: smile, grin, giggle, chuckle,Learn to use specific words,Specific wordsconcrete, colorful, make the readers see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe.,Learn to use specific words: Examples,General: It is often windy and dusty here in spring. Specific: In spring there is often a very stro