认知心理学推理

1、推理（Reasoning）,推理 演绎推理（deductive reasoning） 归纳推理（inductive reasoning ） 日常推理（Everyday Reasoning） 推理行为 前提表达效应 前提含义替换 漏考可能性 内容效应 可信度效应 偏向性 研究推理的三大学派 过程分析学派 规则启发式学派 心理模型学派,What is reasoning?,One definition is cognitive processes by which people start with information and come to conclusions that go beyon

2、d that information (Kurtz et al., 1999) We can make definite conclusions based on deductive reasoning and probable conclusions based on inductive reasoning (Goldstein, 2005).,演绎推理（deductive reasoning）,命题推理根据前提（命题）得出结论 逻辑符号： series completions; conditional, categorical, and linear syllogisms; mathema

3、tical and verbal induction; detective-story problems Conditional, categorical, and linear syllogisms; probabilistic and statistical reasoning problems Conditional, categorical and linear syllogisms; open ended reasoning about social and political issues,Major findings easily explained Difficulty wit

4、h negative and marked premise terms; problems in encoding on formal reasoning tasks Content effects; intrusion of background knowledge Failure to consider all possible interpretations or consequences of premises; intrusion of background knowledge,三大学派的比较,三大学派的比较,Other strengths Great deal of empiric

5、al data that tests theory Good amount of empirical data that tests theory; has attracted investigators from several fields (philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics) Specifically designed to be extendable to everyday reasoning,三大学派的比较,Major shortcomings Lack of analysis of which components are used in everyday reasoning; lack of definition of the term component Lack of specificity over when and how rules are used; lack of definition of the term rule La