定语从句(2012年高考英语语法辅导)[1]很好

1、2012年高考英语语法辅导,定语从句,定语从句的基础知识 如何辨别考题中的定语从句 定语从句方法。,定义：复合句中，修饰、限定后面名词和代词的从句，相当于一个形容词，在句子中起定语作用,概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句,原则： a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面， 限制修饰先行词，翻译成“的”； b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导； c.关系词在定语从句中充当一种句子成分。,关系词,关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as,关系副词：when, where, why,插入

2、成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,逗号 隔开,定语从句,- 修饰名词,This is a book.,This is my book.,This is an interesting book

3、.,词 - 定语 - 名词前 （前置）,This is a book.,I like the book.,这是我喜欢的书。,This is the book I like,the book,.,首选我啊,that,我喜欢我昨天买的书。,I like the book,that,the book,I bought,yesterday.,that - 关系代词 - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的宾语,我昨天买的书很有趣。,The book is interesting.,I bought the book yesterday.,The book I bought,that,the book,这是我

4、放进嘴里的那根手指头。,This is the finger.,I put the finger into my mouth.,This is the finger I put,that,the finger,你干刚才见到的那个人是我们的物理教师。,The man is our physics teacher.,You met the man just now.,The man you met,that,the man,yesterday,is interesting.,into my mouth.,just now,is our physics teacher.,那个教他们英语的老师是Tom

5、的父亲。,The teacher teaches them English.,The teacher is Toms father.,The teacher,the teacher,that,那个站在教室前面的男孩是Tom.,The boy is Tom.,that,that - 关系代词 - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的主语,teaches them English,is standing in the front of the classroom,the boy,is Toms father.,他告诉我的消息是真的。,The news,he told me,the news,that,他

6、们住的房子很小。,The house,they live in,the house,that,关系代词,that,主语、宾语,人、物,who,主语、宾语,人,whom,人,宾语,which,主语、宾语,物,小结,is true.,is small.,句子 - 定语 - 名词后 （后置）,Whose - 关系代词 - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的定语,He lived in the house whose windows face south.,人的、物的,1. who/whom/that作宾语可省略,2. 如介词提前只能用whom不能用who且不能省略,The man (whom/who/t

7、hat) I spoke to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I spoke is Professor Li. to who/that,This is the mountain (that/which) I told you about.,1. that /which指物，作宾语可省略,2. 介词提前时只能用which 不能用that 且不能省略。,I visited the factory last year.,这是我去年参观的工厂。,This is the factory,I visited,the factory,that,I worked the factory

8、 last year.,错,I worked in the factory last year.,这是我去年工作的工厂。,This is the factory I worked,in,This is the factory I worked last year.,where,这是他住的房子。,This is the house,that he lives in.,This is the house,where he lives.,the factory,that,last year.,last year.,I joined the League on June 1.,我仍然记得（我）入团的那

9、一天。,I still remember the day,I joined the League.,when,I still remember the day I met him.,when,我仍然记得见到他的那一天。,我忘不了我们一起度过的那段时光。,1.I will never forget the time _ we spent together.,我忘不了我们一起工作的那段时光。,2.I will never forget the time _ we worked together.,( A. that B. which C. when ),that,when,the time,dur

10、ing the time,这是他们去年建的旅馆。,This is the hotel they built last year.,that,这是他们去年住的旅馆。,This is the hotel they stayed at last year.,that,( A. which B. that C. where ),This is the hotel they stayed last year.,where,He went back to the town he was born.,where,The place we spent our holidays was really beaut

11、iful.,where,他回到出生的城镇。,我们度假的地方很美。,小结,when - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的时间状语,where - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的地点状语,why - 连接定语从句 - 代替从句中的原因状语,This is the reason why he came late.,which 有时代替的是整个句子的意思，放在主句后面。,He came late, which made the manager very angry.,as可代表整个句子的意思。可放在主句之前，也可放 在主句之后。,He studies very hard, as we all know.

12、,As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.,关系副词,唯“我”独尊,that,You must do everything _ I do.,先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, something, nothing, anything等。,2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。,3) 先行词被the only, the very 修饰。,4) 先行词既有人又有物。,I have lost the pen,_ I liked very much.,非“我”莫属,which,

13、1) 非限定性定语从句一般用逗号把主，从句分开。,2) 介词后面。,This is our school, in front of which grow many trees.,1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it,4.

14、Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,5.Is oxygen the only gas_ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,介词+关系代词,1.指人:_ 指物:_,2.选择恰当的介词,whom,which,F

15、ill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 2. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 3. Who can give me the reason _which he hasnt arrived yet?,about,on,for,talk about,on the day,for the reason,补全法,1

16、.介词与定语从句中的动词 词成搭配,2.介词与先行词形成搭配,1.Do you know who lives in the building_there is a well（井）? A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which 2.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom 3.The Second World War_millions of pe

17、ople were killed ended in 1945. A.in which B.in that C.where D.on which 4.Alec asked the policeman_ he worked to contact him when there was an accident.(上海02 ) A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom,1.Have you visited the house _ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which,2.Do you

18、still remember the day _ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when,3.I shall never forget those days _I lived in the country with the farmers.(上海94) A.that. B.when. C.which. D.when.,一、正确选择定语从句的引导词,1、关系代词和关系副词的基本用法,从句中作主语、宾语、定语,that,which,who,whom,whose,as-关系代词,从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）,when, where, why-关

19、系副词,2、以 that 引导的定语从句,二、考查非限制性定语从句及which在非限制性 定语从 句中的应用,(1)The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.it C.which D.that,(2)I have many friends, _ some are business men.(2005全国) A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom,三、考查as在定语从句中的用法及其与which 的 区别,1、as 引导非限制性定语从句,(1)

20、_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It B.As C.That D.What,(2)_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A.Which B.As C.That D.It,注意：as 有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有。 as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、之后、插 在主句中，而which引导的从句不能放在句首。,常用的这种类似插入语

21、的句式有：,as is said = it is said that as we expected as is known to all as we planed as often happens as we all can see as is reported in the newspaper as is shown in Picture 2 as may be imagined,2、as引导限制性定语从句,构成suchas, the sameas , as as,soas等结构。,(1) He lives in the same building as we do.,(2) I shall

22、 do it in the same way as you do.,(3) These houses are sold at such a low price _people expected. A.like B.as C.that D.which,注意：suchas 与suchthat的区别,注意：the sameas与the samethat的区别。,This is the same watch as I lost yesterday.,the sameas指的是类似物,This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.,the samethat指的

23、是同一物。,（1）There are two boys in Peters，both of _are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of _ are white,（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places _ it is warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best _ it is warm and wet,（1）John is one of the students who_ English （2）John is the only o

24、ne of the students who _ English （3）One of the students _ English。,定语从句易混淆句型训练,in which,know,knows,knows,where,whom,them,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited t

25、en years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,一、考查“介词+关系代词”的用法,(1)In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.for whom D.to wh

26、om,(2)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30, _ many people have gone home. A.whose B.that C.on which D.by which time,二、考查带有“插入语”的定语从句,(1) He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think wh

27、ich is,三、考查固定搭配中宾语提前的定语从句,(1)Your family are really very kind. Ill never forget the _ youve done me. A.favour B.kindness C.help D.deed,(2)The _ he took to gather materials for us moved us a lot. A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.effort,(3)Thats the best way we could think of _ the dying worker. A.s

28、ave B.saved C.saving D.to save,(4)You cant imagine the great trouble we have had _ this flat for you. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out,(5)I lay in sofa, enjoying the beautiful music Tom had _ out of his DVD. A.come B.it come C.coming D.it coming,四、考查考生的抗干扰能力(谓语或动词形式）,(1)With e

29、verything she needed _, she went home happily. A.buy B.bought C.buying D.to buy,(2)Im examining the composition he has just finished _ any possible mistakes in it. A.correct B.corrected C.correcting D.to correct,(3)The person Dr Johnson is speaking to _ us a talk on computers yesterday. A.give B.gav

30、e C.giving D.given,(4)The day we have long been looking forward to _ at last. A.come B.came C.coming D.has come,(5)The student whos been referred to _ forward to going abroad for further education. A.look B.looks C.looking D.having looked,(6)Lincolns stepmother did every she could _ get him more boo

31、ks. A.help B.helped C.helping D.to help,(7)The place I used to go _ just right for a picnic A.is B.was C.to be D.to is,(8)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can _ sure that I get a good education. A.make B.made C.making D.to make,(9)Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he ha

32、d to _ some schools for poor children. A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up,(10)His uncle, though not very rich, spent all he had _ him a new computer. A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.to have bought,五、考查定语从句与其他相关句型的区别,1、考查定语从句与并列句的区别,She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fa

33、ct, I was talking about my daughter. A.whom B.where C.which D.while,2、考查定语从句与状语从句的区别,3、考查定语从句与名词性从句的区别,4、考查定语从句与强调句的区别,六、全国2004-2005年各地市高考题练习,(1)-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? (北京05) A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn,(2

34、)Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people still suffering.(天津05) A.that B.whose C.those D.what,(3).I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.(辽宁05) A.which B.when C.where D.that,(4).Jim passed the driving test, _ surpr

35、ised everybody in the office.(浙江05) A.which B.that C.this D.it,(5)-Is that the small town you often offer to? -Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.(福建05) A.that B.which C.where D.what,(7)The students themselves admit that not all child will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.(江西05) A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which,(6)Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied hard and was