对外汉语教案—春节

1、春节,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,春节是中华民族最为隆重的一个传统节日，有着悠久的历史和渊源。它标志农历旧的一年结束，新的一年开始。在春节，人们守岁拜年，告别寒冷单调的冬季，迎接生机盎然的春天。,The Special Meaning For Chinese,Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival .Its also a symbol of unity ,prosperity 。Chinese consider spring festivalas th

2、e end of the past year in Chinese rular and new hope for the future sustenance。,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,春 节 The Spring Festival 农 历 lunar calendar 正 月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar 除 夕 New Years Eve; eve of lunar New Year 初 一 the beginning of New Year 元宵节 The Lantern

3、 Festival,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,过 年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对 联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry 春 联 Spring Festival couplets 剪 纸 paper-cuts 年 画 New Year paintings 买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ;do Spring ; Festival shopping,春 节 Spring

4、 Festival（Chinese New Year）,敬 酒 propose a toast 灯 笼 lantern: a portable light 烟 花 fireworks 爆 竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.) 红 包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.),春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New

5、Year）,守 岁 staying-up 拜 年 pay New Years call; give New Years greetings; New Years visit 禁 忌 taboo 去晦气 get rid of the ill-fortune 祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to ones ancestors,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift (Culture Note: In the old days

6、, New Years money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth) 辞旧岁 bi

7、d farewell to the old year 扫 房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,年 糕 Nian gao; rice cake; New Year cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner 年夜饭 the dinner on New Years Eve 饺 子 Jiao zi; Chinese meat ravioli 汤 圆 Tang yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into bal

8、ls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings 八宝饭 eight treasures rice pudding 糖果盘 candy tray,春 节 Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,舞 狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.) 舞 龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests) 戏 曲 traditional op

9、era 杂 耍 variety show; vaudeville 灯 谜 riddles written on lanterns,The origin of the Lunar New Year,The origin of the Lunar New Year Festival can be traced back thousands of years, involving a series of colorful legends and traditions. One of the most famous legends is Nian, an extremely cruel beast t

10、hat the ancients believed would devour people on New Years Eve. To keep Nian away, red-paper couplets are pasted on doors, torches are lit, and firecrackers are set off throughout the night, because Nian is said to fear the color red, the light of fire, and loud noises.,The custom of the Lunar New Y

11、ear,Temper fair and CCTV new years gala(逛庙会和春晚),扫 尘 so chn,“二十五扫尘土”。迎新首先要除旧。扫尘就是年终大扫除，北方称“扫房”，南方叫“掸尘”。在春节前扫尘，是我国民间素有的传统习俗。扫尘之日，全家上下一齐动手，用心打扫房屋、庭院，擦洗锅碗、拆洗被褥，干干净净迎接新年。其实，人们借助“尘”与“陈”的谐音表达除陈、除旧的意愿。,扫尘 Sweeping the Dust,“Dust” is homophonic with “chen”（尘）in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way,

12、 “sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. “Dust”与“尘”是谐音（尘在汉语中的意思是旧的和过去的）。这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去一年的厄运。,This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring

13、Festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. 此习俗表达了收拾旧事物，欢迎新生活的美好愿望。总之，就在春节到来之前，为了告别旧年迎接新年，家家户户都会彻底打扫一下房屋。,祭 灶 神 j zo shn,传说到了腊月二十三，灶王爷便要升天，向玉皇大帝禀报这家人一年的善恶，玉皇大帝根据灶王爷的汇报，再将这一家在新的一年中应该得到的吉凶祸福的命运交于灶王爷之手。送灶神的仪式称为“送灶”或“辞灶”，百姓供上红烛、糖瓜，以

14、隆重的礼节送灶神上天，祈望灶神“上天言好事，下界降吉祥”。如今，农村很多地区还沿袭这种风俗。,迎 财 神 yng ci shn,民间传说正月初五是财神的生日，所以过了年初一，接下来最重要的活动就是接财神。在财神生日到来的前一天晚上，各家置办酒席，为财神贺辰。,The son,I am coming.,The God of wealth,贴 春 联 ti chn lin,春联，俗称“门对”，又名“春帖”，是对联的一种，因在春节时张贴，故称春联。春联的一个源头是桃符。最初人们以桃木刻人形挂在门旁以避邪，后来画门神像于桃木上，再简化为在桃木板上题写门神名字。春联的另一来源是春贴，古人在立春日多贴“宜

15、春”二字。原来春联题写在桃木板上，后来改写在纸上。桃木的颜色是红的，红色有吉祥、避邪的意思，因此春联大都用红纸书写。,贴春联 Pasting Spring Couplets,“The Spring Couplet”, also called “couplet” and “a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door an

16、d a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. “春联”也被称为和“对联”对立的一对短语，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成，在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。,The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On

17、 the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them, while nowadays, it is com

18、mon for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market. 贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。,Spring Couplets 春联,Dont Forget Our Door God,You know,I am Zhang Fei,You ,Pasting,She, Pasting,I ,Making,Ha Ha!,贴 “福” 字 ti f z,在中国，

19、人们往往用一个“福字来表达对福运、福气、幸福的向往和追求。每当辞旧迎新的时刻，家家户户都要把“福”字贴在屋门上，意味着福气进入家门。许多地方还倒贴“福”字，利用“倒”与“到”的谐音，寓意“福到了”。,“福” 字,倒贴“福”字来表示“福到”了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。,“福”字 Pasting “Up-sided Fu”,It is common for Chinese to paste the character “fu（福）”, big and small, on walls, doors and doorposts around the houses. “Fu（福）” shows

20、 peoples yearning toward a good life. 在墙上，门上和房子周围的门框上贴大小福字是中国人表达对美好生活渴望的普遍习俗。,Some people even invert the character “fu（福）” to signify that blessing has arrived because “inverted” is a homonym for “arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and “fu（福）” can be seen in the market before the Fest

21、ival. 一些人甚至倒贴福字来表示福到了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。现在在春节前的市场上随处可见各种各样的窗花和福字。,年 夜 饭 nin y fn,除夕这一天对华人来说是极为重要的。这一天人们准备除旧迎新，吃团圆饭。家庭是华人社会的基石，一年一度的团年饭充分表现出中华族家庭成员的互敬互爱，这种互敬互爱使一家人之间的关系更为紧密。家人的团聚往往令一家之主在精神上得到安慰与满足，老人家眼看儿孙满堂，一家大小共叙天伦，过去的关怀与抚养子女所付出的心血总算没有白费，这是何等的幸福。而年轻一辈，也正可以借此机会向父母的养育之恩表达感激之情。,年夜饭,吃年夜饭，是春节期间家家户户最热闹愉快的时

22、候。大年夜，丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭。人们既是享受满桌的佳肴盛馔，也是享受那份快乐的气氛，桌上有大菜、冷盆、热炒、点心，一般少不了两样东西，一是火锅一是鱼。,年夜饭,火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，说明红红火火。,年夜饭,“鱼”和“余”谐音，是象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示“年年有余”。,年夜饭,还有萝卜俗称菜头，祝愿有好彩头。,年夜饭,龙虾、爆鱼等煎炸食物，预祝家运兴旺如“烈火烹油”。,年夜饭,最后多为一道甜食，祝福往后的日子甜甜蜜蜜。,吃饺子 Having Jiaozi,On New Years Eve, the whole family will sit togethe

23、r to make jiaozi and celebrate the Spring Festival. The shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the Spring Festival. You cannot have a complete Spring Festival without having ji

24、aozi.,在除夕那天，全家人会坐在一起包饺子庆祝春节。饺子的形状像中国古代的金元宝，因此人们吃饺子以此来希望财富到来。在春节期间吃饺子是很重要的传统习俗。如果没有吃饺子，你将不能拥有一个完整的春节。,饺 子 dumpling,年 糕 nin go,Food in The Spring Festival,Chinese New Year is called the night before the real reunion night of wandering away from home must be far behind thousands of miles to drive home

25、the whole family sitting together .,In south China, the favorite and most typical dishes were nian gao, sweet steamed glutinous rice（糯米）pudding and zong zi (glutinous rice wrapped up in reed（芦苇）leaves), another popular delicacy.,年糕rice cake,Diet,腊八粥 Laba rice porridge,春卷 spring roll,守 岁 shu su,守岁的传统

26、来自一个有趣的民间传说。在中国古代有一个叫做“年”的怪兽，在春节前的晚上，它会从地洞里出来吃人。 守岁是从吃年夜饭开始，这顿年夜饭要慢慢地吃，一直到深夜。夜里不睡，迎接新一年的到来。,守岁 Staying Up Late on New Years Eve,The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year, who was very ferocious. Yea

27、r always went out from its burrow on New Years Eve to devour people. Therefore, on every New Years Eve, every household would have supper together. After dinner, no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together, chatting and emboldening each other.,守岁的传统源自于一个有趣的民间故事。在中国古代有一个叫作年

28、的凶猛怪物，在除夕夜年会从地洞里出来吃人。因此在除夕夜，每家每户都会一起吃晚饭，晚饭以后没人敢睡觉，所有的家庭成员会坐在一起聊天互相壮胆。,Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Years Eve is formed. Thus in China, “celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called “passing over the year (guo nian)”. However, now there are less and less people in cities who will

29、stay up late to see New Year in. 逐渐在除夕夜守岁的习惯形成了，因此在中国，庆祝春节也被叫作过年。然而在城市里很少有人以守岁来欢迎新年。,压 岁 钱 y su qin,压岁钱又称“红包”。春节晚辈给长辈拜年时，长辈要将事先准备好的压岁钱分给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。下一年还是这样，以此类推。 还有一种名副其实的压岁钱，是由晚辈给老人的，岁，就是年岁，岁数，压岁，意在期盼老人长寿。,New Years Gift Money Juniors will greet seniors, wishing th

30、em health and longevity, while seniors will give juniors some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year.,Red Pocket Babies love (孩子的最爱）,-cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.,拜 年 bi nin,拜年，是春节期间的重要活动，它与除夕夜的团圆饭一样，是最能体现“年味”的春节习俗。在过去家庭拜年顺序为一拜天地，二拜

31、祖宗，三拜高堂。一般大年初一晚辈给长辈拜年，祝愿长辈福如东海、寿比南山。新年后给亲戚拜年，一般的规矩是初一拜本家、初二拜岳家、初三拜亲戚。在同学、同事、朋友、合作者、邻里之间也要相互拜年。在“过年好”的道贺声中，拉近了心与心的距离，增进了人与人的感情。正如古语所说，拜年“以联年谊、以敦乡情”。,拜 年,拜年和压岁钱 New Years Visit and Gift Money,On the first day of the Chinese lunar year, everybody puts on their best clothes and pays ceremonial calls on

32、their relatives and friends, wishing them all the luck in the coming year. Juniors will greet seniors, wishing them health and longevity, while seniors will give juniors some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year. When friends meet, they will wish each other happiness and prosperi

33、ty with a big smile. With the development of the new technology, there is a change on the way of giving New Years greetings. In recent year, it is common to send New Years greetings by such modern means of communication as telephones, emails and text messages. 中国农历新年的第一天每个人都会穿上他们最漂亮的衣服，礼节性地拜访亲戚和朋友，祝

34、愿他们新的一年中好运。小辈会问候老辈，祝福他们健康长寿，同时老辈会给小辈压岁钱祝福他们来年平安。随着新技术的发展，通过现代通讯手段如电话，发邮件和短信息等来送出新年问候已经非常普遍了。,放 爆 竹 fng bo zh,中国民间有“开门爆竹”一说，即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以劈劈啪啪的爆竹声来辞旧迎新。燃放鞭炮是中国节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。,放鞭炮 Setting off Firecrackers,The firecracker is a unique product in China. In ancient China, the sound

35、 of burning bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animals and evil spirits. With the invention of the gunpowder, “firecracker” is also called “鞭炮binpo” (“炮” in Chinese means gun) and used to foster a joyful atmosphere. The first thing every Chinese household does is to set off firecrackers and fi

36、reworks, which are meant to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. 在中国爆竹是一件特殊的产品。在中国古代，燃烧竹管的声音被用来吓走动物和恶鬼。随着火药的发明，爆竹也被称作鞭炮，用来营造欢乐的气氛。在中国每家每户第一件事要做的就是放烟花爆竹，因为这意味着告别旧年迎接新年。,逛庙会 gung mio hu,逛庙会，是大多数中国人的春节情结，更是不可或缺的年俗。春节庙会最早是民间的宗教仪式，庙会之时，通常由僧人、道士做“法事”或“道场”以祭祀神佛，人们也要进香朝拜、许愿、还愿、求福。庙会期间，也少不了商贩叫卖

37、、民间艺术表演。庙会上有许多历史悠久深受老百姓喜爱的传统项目，比如，舞狮、舞龙、扭秧歌、踩高跷、跑旱船等。,逛庙会 Temple Fair,Temple fair, usually held outside temples, is a kind of folk custom in China. During the Spring Festival, temple fair is one of the most important activities, in which there are such performances as acrobatics and Wushu, numerous

38、kinds of local snacks and many kinds of things for everyday life. In recent years, the temple fair has become a place for people to appreciate the traditional art and experience the traditional life.,看春节联欢晚会 The CCTV New Years Gala,The New Years Gala is a variety show held by China Central Televisio

39、n (CCTV) since 1983. For every year since then at the turn of the Lunar New Year, the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people, creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena meriting attention. For over twenty years, its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Years Eve. 新年联欢晚会是自1983