第二部分第十讲定语从句

1、关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。,(1)that、which代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在 从句中可作主语、宾语等；which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替主句的内容，that则不能。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him. 海伦对最小

2、的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。,(2)who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名 词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who dont.(who在从句中作主语) 每天喝两杯多咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的机会比不喝咖啡的妇女高。 He is the man whom/that I am waiting for. 他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/t

3、hat在从句中作宾语),(3)关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地 点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。,注意 先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 I still remember the day which

4、/that we spent together in the city. 我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day，作spent的宾语)。,1(湖北高考)My mother was so proud of all _(我 所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do),答案： (that)I had done,2(湖北高考)The city_ (我成长的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow),答案： where/in which I grew up,解析

5、：考查由where或in which引导的定语从句；设空处用一般过去时态。,whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等，修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是：the名词of which或of whichthe名词。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是：the名词of whom。,This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. This is the scientist the name of whom is known a

6、ll over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 The classroom，whose door is broken，will soon be repaired. The classroom，the door of which is broken，will soon be repaired.,The classroom，of which the door is broken，will soon be repaired. 门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。 Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，

7、are taken good care of in the village.(2009安徽高考) 很多孩子在这个村里都得到了很好的照顾，他们的父母远在大城市里打工。,1(2010北京高考)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat,解析：此题考查定语从句。先行词为children，or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，此处考查第二个引导词，先行词children与从句中的主语diet为所属关系，故选B项。,答

8、案： B,2(2010陕西高考)The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose,解析：此题考查定语从句。whose在从句中作定语，修饰先行词roof。句意：在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。,答案： D,3(2011福建联考)The Gate of Fortune，from _top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view，will attract lots of tourists. Awhich Bwhose Cw

9、here Dits,解析：考查定语从句。top和先行词the Gate of Fortune存在从属关系，因此应该使用whose，whose top也可以表示为the top of which或of which the top。,答案： B,1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。 The man (who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 在会议中我与之谈话的

10、那个人是从北京大学来的。 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。,注意 有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。 This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for. 这就是你找的那个人。,2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研

11、究天空。 He came to a farm，on which he finally settled. 他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居下来了。,1(2009湖北高考)Learning strategies，to_(老师 们认为) importance，have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach),解析：考查定语从句和动词短语。本题用attach importance to sth.表示“重视”，用一般现在时或现在完成时。本题的解题难点在于判断句式，用“介词which”引导定语从句。,答案： which (the) teache

12、rs attach/have attached,2(2011襄阳调考) Barack Obama will deliver a speech to 1,000 local youths during his visit to Shanghai, _ (大多数学生来自) Fudan University and Tongji University. (belong),答案： most of whom belong to,3The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, _ (其中有许多离开了) their village homes for a be

13、tter life in the city. (many),答案： many of whom (had) left,as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。 He married her，as(which) was natural. 很自然地，他和她结婚了。 但在下列情况下一般只能用as。,(1)as引导定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。 As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 正如我们所知，地球表面的70%以上由水覆盖。 (2)as可表示“正如，正

14、像”，而which无此意。 此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。,He came back home late，as we expected. 正如我们所料，他回家晚了。 As is pointed out，this is a grammar problem. 正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。 People generally agree that American English differs from British English a bit，as is said above. 正如上面所说，大部分人都同意美

15、式英语与英式英语有点不同。,(3)当先行词被the same，such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。 I bought the same book as you have. 我买了一本跟你的一样的书。 This is such an easy question as every one can work out. This is such an easy question that every one can work it out. 这是这么一个简单的问题，每个人都能解决。 Hell marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结

16、婚。,注意 当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。 the same.as(指同样或同类的)，the same.that(指同一个) This is the same watch as I lost. 这块表与我丢的那块一样。 This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块表。,1(2010湖北高考) _(正 如我们强调的那样)many times，“ serve the people” is our first policy.(stress),答案： As we have stressed/As has been

17、 stressed,2(2011武汉质检)John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ (这是真的). (true),答案： which was true,1.“介词where”引导的定语从句。 有时我们可以见到“介词where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。,His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from wh

18、ere相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) China is the birth place of kites，from where kite flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。,2分隔式定语从句。 定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. 我不能理解他眼中表达的东西。 The

19、days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon. 中国人民被轻视的日子一去不复返了。,3抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。 当先行词为stage，situation，point，case等词且关系词在从句中作状语，这时用where引导定语从句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 I can think of many cases where students obviou

20、sly know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay.我能想出许多这样的场合，很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。,1(2011武汉质检)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ (他们可以审 视) themselves differently. (see),答案： where they can see,2(2011荆州质检)I have reached a point in my life _ (我不得不) to make decis

21、ions of my own. (have),答案： where I (will) have to,3(2011宜昌模拟)Mr. Smith, _ (从 他书店)we bought a dictionary yesterday, has been working nonstop for making a donation to the poor. (whose),答案： from whose bookstore,1(2011湖北八校联考)His younger sister teaches in a secondary school, in front of _ (流淌着一条小河). (flo

22、w),答案： which flows a small river,2(2011荆州检测)We have come to the turning point _ (我们必须做出决定) to choose our own course. (decision),答案： where we must make a decision,3(2011武昌区调考)Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor _ (他的研究旨在) improving agriculture. (aim),答案： whose research was aimed a

23、t,4(2011湖北五市联考)_ (正如 提到的) in my last letter, we can make our dreams come true by working hard. (mention),答案： As I mentioned,解析：考查as引导的定语从句。,5(2011武汉市六校联考)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling，_(结果证明是) a wise decision. (turn),答案： which turned out (to be)/turning out (to b

24、e),6(2011武汉质检) _ (正如 我们所知)，the general theory of relativity states that a black hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape. (know),答案： As we (all) know/As is known to us (all),7(2011武汉市六校联考)_ (他 解释的方法) the world, indicates relations, and draws conclusions is not only surprising but also very accurate. (explain),答案： the way (that/in which) he explains,8(2011武汉市部分重点中学联考)Do you still remember the food company in _ (我父亲工作过) ten years ago? (work),答案： which my father worked,9(2011襄阳模拟)