英语专业八级人文知识

1、英语专业八级人文知识英国概况1. The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are _. A. London and Cambridge B. London and heart of EnglandC. Manchester and Birmingham D. Edinburgh and Nottingham2. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _ crosses. A. one B. two C. three D.

2、 four3. Which flower is symbol of England?A. Thistle B. Shamrock C. Daffodil D. Rose4. _ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A. Lough Neagh B. Windermere C. Lake District D. Coniston Water5. The first known settlers

3、of Britain were the _. A. Iberians B. Beaker Folk C. Celts D. Anglo-Saxons6. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?A. Emperor Claudius B. King Alfred C. King Ethelred D. Julius Caesar7. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?A. The Roma

4、ns always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. B. The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuriesC. The Romans didnt like the Britons. D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. 8. The Hundred Years war with France ended by the Engli

5、sh being driven out of France. By 1453 _ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. A. Dover B. Calais C. Southampton D. Portsmouth9. Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?A. The Wars of the Roses B. The Hundred Years WarC. The

6、 English Civil War D. World War I10. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, is generally regarded as the beginning of modern _ history. A. European B. Scottish C. Welsh D. world练习题答案及题解:1. B, 英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇如Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradfor

7、d, Coventry, Bedford2. C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。3. D, A蓟是苏格兰的象征用作苏格兰的国徽；B三叶苜蓿花为爱尔兰的国花；C黄水仙花是威尔士的国花；D玫瑰则是英格兰的国花。4. C, 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方。5. A, 最早来英国定居的是伊比利亚人。大约在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器时代，他们从伊比利亚半岛（即今天的西班牙）来到英国。6. D, 英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并

8、征服了英国。7. C, 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。8. B, 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。9. A, 尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。10. D, 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制

9、度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。英国概况1. _ is the home of golf. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland2. Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?A. English B. Scottish C. Gaelic D. Denish3. The election of _ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first wo

10、man prime minister. A. 1979 B. 1980 C. 1982 D. 19924. To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of _A. the House Lord and the House of CommonsB. the House and the SenateC. the Queen and the Hosue of LordsD. the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons5. The Tower of London, a h

11、istorical sight, located in the center of London, was built by _A. King Harold B. Robin Hood C.Oliver Cromwell D.William the Conqueror6. There are _ state churches in Britain. A. two B. three C. four D. five7. When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son_, the regime began immedia

12、tely to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles8. _ birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood. A. The twenty-first B. The eighteenth C. The nineteenth D. The twentieth9. Reuters was founded in _A. 1715 B. 1751 C. 1851 D. 181510. What

13、is (are) the nickname(s) of the U. S. A.?A. Uncle Sam B. Brother Jonathan C. Yankee D. All of the above答案及解析:1. B. 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰2. D. Gaelic是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为苏格兰语（盎格鲁语：Scottish）3. A. Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成为英国首相，为英国史上第一个女首相。4. D. 具体的说，英国的议会是由元首，

14、上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权，上议院由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal）组成。下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。5. D. 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。6. A英国有两大国教： 在英格兰是英格兰教（Church of England）或者英国圣公会，在苏格莎白的头衔全称为“托上帝宏恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国和她的其他领土和领地的女王、英联邦元首、基督教的保护者伊丽莎白二世”。可见，英/女王是基督教的保护者。

15、7. C. Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。8. A. 在英国,21岁生日是个大生日,因为他们认为21岁是大人开始的年龄。9. C. 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗朱利叶斯路透 （paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。10. D. “山姆大叔”（Uncle Sam），“乔纳森大哥”和“扬基老”都是美国和美国人的绰号。

16、英国概况 1. Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _. A. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade. B. Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport. C. British engineers had sound training and the invento

17、rs were respected. D. British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. 2. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power. A. queen B. monarch C. prime minister D. king3. Which party has always had strong links with the trad

18、e unions and received financial support from them?A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party4. On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A. Constitutional Law B. The Declaration of

19、IndependenceC. Civil Law D. Bill of Rights5. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _. A. 1918 B. 1916 C. 1920 D. 18966. The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain.A. Australia B. Canada C. New Zealand D. India7. During World War II, as a war leader, _ received

20、 massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A. Harold Wilson B. Edward HeathC. Franklin Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill8. The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _. A. France B. New Zealand C. Argentina D. Australia9. In Britain, a _ is held when member of Parliamen

21、t dies, retires or resigns.A. civic election B. by-election C. popular election D. general election10. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Monarch C. the Prime Minister D. the King练习题答案及题解:1. D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原

22、因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。2. B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。3. A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。4. D, 权利法案的签署标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代5. A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。6. B, 1867年英国北美法案将加拿大纳为它的自治领土。7. D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带

23、领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。8. C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。9. B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。10. C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。英国概况 1. How many members are there in the House of Commons? A. 650 B. 524 C. 72 D. 6512. Which of the following pe

24、ople didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A. Margaret ThatcherB. Winston Churchill C. Horatio Nelson D. John Major 3. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of appeal D. Speaker of

25、 the House 4. The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party 5. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the officia

26、l Opposition.A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A. political B. educational C. military D. economic 7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A. globalization B. nationalization C.

27、privatization D. competition 8. Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A. coal mining B. iron and steel C. textiles D. shipbuilding 9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765

28、.A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwrightthe 10. _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.A. The Chartist MovementB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The French RevolutionD. The Glorious Revolution练习题答案及题解: 1. D, 下议院共有651名议员。 2. C,

29、 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。 3. A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。 4. B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 5. B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党6. D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7. C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时

30、代包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内几乎40%的国有公司实现了私有化。 8. A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。 9. B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。 10. B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。英国概况 1. _ is the key to Industrial Revolution.A. Iron B. Cotton

31、 Textile C. Coal mining D. Steam engine 2. _ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.A. Criticism B. Modernism C. Romanticism D. Renaissance3. Modern football game began in _.A. China B. France C. England D. Germany 4. _ is the leader of the British govern

32、ment.A. Prime Minister B. Queen C. President D. Governor5. The second largest city in England, _, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. A. Edinburgh B. Belfast C. Glasgow D. Birmingham 6. _ introduced Christianity into Britain.A. The Celts B. The Romans C. The Viking D

33、anes D. The French 7. The real power of the British government lies in _. A. the House of Commons B. the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C. the Prime Minister D the Queen 8. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _ to _. A. 5, 14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6, 14 9. The l

34、ongest river in Britain is _, and the largest river in the USA is _. A. the Seven River; the Missouri River B. the Thames River; the Missouri River C. the Severn River; the Mississippi D the Thames River; the Ohio River 10. The general election in Britain is held every _ years. A. four B. three C. s

35、ix D. five 练习题答案及题解: 1. B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。 2. C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。 3. C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19世纪兴起。 4. A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。女王是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。 5. D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是英国的工业和制造业中心。 6. B, 公元43年罗马人占领英国，其后统治了400多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马人传入英国的。7. B, 君主立宪制下国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率领。 8. C, 英国的教育体系中

36、的义务教育阶段是5-16岁，这是每位学生在学校学习的最低年限。9. C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长355公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河，长4000公里 10. D, 英国大选每5年举行一次。英国概况 1. Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?A. Roman B. Anglo-Saxons C. Jutes D. Celts2. The Hundred Years War between Britain and France was fought _. A. from 1327 to 1453 B. from 1337 to

37、 1453 C. from 1347 to 1453 D. from 1357 to 1453 3. The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year _ A. 1918 B. 1920 C. 1945 D. 1949 4. The English Civil War is also called _.A. the Puritan Revolution B. the second Magna CartaC. the Long Parliament D. the Anglican War 5. Britain is separated

38、from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _ and the North Sea in the east.A. east B. south C. west D. north 6. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. Loch Lomond B. the Lough Neagh C. Windermere D. Ullswater 7. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? A. In the Highlands B. In the

39、 central Lowlands C. In the Uplands D. In the west of Scotland 8. In Britain only about _ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area. A. 2% B. 3% C. 4% D. 5% 9. The two important crops in Britain are _ A. barley and corn B. wheat and rice C. barley and oats D. wheat and barle

40、y10. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _ A. can legally receive partly free education B. can legally receive completely free education C. can not receive free education at all D can not receive free education if their parents are rich 练习题答案及题解: 1. D. 凯尔特在公元前700年到英国，罗马人在公元1到5世纪统治英国，5世纪中期盎格

41、鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。 2. B. 英法百年战争爆发于1337年到1453年间，中间还发生了黑死病。 3. D. 爱尔兰共和国在1949年独立。 4. A. 英国内战于1642年到1646年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。 5. B. 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。 6. B. 英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。 7. B. 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。 8. A. 由于英国农作业时的高度机械化，只需利用全国2%的人口来耕作大面积农地。 9. D. 小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄

42、稼。 10. B. 英国的义务教育是从5岁到16岁，所以期间的教育全部免费。英国概况 1. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The Telegraph B. The Guardian C. The News of the World D. The Times2. The river Thames is in _. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England D. Northern Ireland3. The Industrial Revolution started in _.

43、A. the Great Britain B. the United States C. Canada D. Australia4. Which of the following is true under Thatchers administration?A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased. B. Public housing became more important. C. Many public houses were sold to people. D. The UK became more European-like in

44、 its housing arrangement. 5. Britain has its nuclear naval force since _. A. its one of the developed countries in the worldB. its a traditional sea powerC. it has an advanced industryD its able to produce submarines6. Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?A. The

45、Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Financial Times7. Big Ben was named after _. A. Christopher Wren B. Benjamin Hall C. Ben John D. G. Stephenson8. The Capital of Wales is _. A. Swansea B. Cardiff C. Rhonda D. Belfast9. _ is Englands biggest naval base. A. Portsmouth B. Southampton C. Plym

46、outh D. Dover10. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _. A. the Liberal Party B. the Democratic Party C. the Labour Party D. the Republican Party练习题答案及题解:1. D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是泰晤士报。2. C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。 3. A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。4. C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括

47、国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。5. B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。6. C, 观察家报创刊于1791年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。7. B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。8. B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。9. A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。10. C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。英国概况 1.

48、 Which name is NOT related to Britain? A. Northern Ireland B. Scotland C. Wales D. Toronto 2. The news agency Reuters was founded in _. A. London B. Birmingham C. Liverpool D. Manchester 3. The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by _. A. King Harold B. Ro

49、bin Hood C. Oliver Cromwell D. William the Conqueror 4. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A. The Anglo-Saxon B. The Normans C. The Vikings D. The Romans 5. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester 6. In Britain, children

50、 from the age of 5 to 16 _. A. can legally receive completely free education B. can legally receive partly free education C. cannot receive free education at all D cannot receive free education of their parents are rich 7. The Industrial Revolution started in _. A. the Great Britain B. the United St

51、ates C. Canada D. Australia 8. What is the name of Britains highest mountain? A. Anne Boleyn B. Ben Nevis C. Snowdonia D. Scafell 9. Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? A. Great BritainB. The British Isles C. The United Kingdom D. England 10. Britain has, for cen

52、turies, been slowly tilting with _. A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC. the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinkingD. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking练习题答

53、案及题解: 1. D, 多伦多属于加拿大,与英国无关。 2. A, 路透社创建于伦敦。 3. D, 伦敦塔是1078年为防止罗马入侵由威廉大帝修建的。 4. A, 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。 5. C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。 6. A, 英国小孩 516岁的教育是免费的。 7. A, 工业革命起源于英国。 8. B, 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰。 9. C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Brita

54、in and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （ Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。 10. A, 英国几个世纪以来地势一直在缓慢地倾斜，表现为西北部在慢慢上升，而东南部在慢慢下沉，所以英国的西北部为高地。美国概况1. In area, the United States is the _ largest country in the world. A. 2nd B. 3rd C. 4th D. 5th 2. The 50th state in America is _.A. Alaska B. Texas C. Hawaii D. Rhode Island3. Mauna Loa, the worlds largest active volcano, is located in _.A. Hawaii B. Alaska C. Texas D. Perth4. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 b