商务英语翻译

1、商务英语翻译 之 句法翻译,否定句式 比较句式 被动句式 各种从句,句法翻译之四：各类从句,（1）主语从句的翻译 (subject clause) （2）宾语从句的翻译 (object clause) （3）表语从句的翻译 (predicative clause) （4）同位语从句的翻译 (appositive clause) （5）状语从句的翻译 (adverbial clause) （6）定语从句的翻译 (attributive clause),（1）主语从句的翻译,1. 以“what”、“whatever”、“whoever”等连接词引导的主语从句，通常置于句首主语的位置，一般可直接按照

2、原文语序进行汉译。,What you should pay attention to is that claim must be made within the term of validity stipulated in the contract (generally within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination.),贵方应注意的是，索赔必须在合同所规定的有效期内（即通常在货物到达目的地之后的三十日内）提出。,（1）主语从句的翻译,2.以“it”为形式主语、将真正的主语从句置于句末主从复合句。翻译时，既可将真

3、正主语置于句首，也可保留于其所处位置。,It is a matter of regret that we do not have a stock of sufficient quantity to supply you at present.,目前，我公司存货不足，无法向你方供货，确实令人遗憾。,It has also been observed that in many countries it is difficult for a foreign company to obtain not only the import license, but also duty relief.,人们也

4、已经注意到，在许多国家，一家外国公司不仅难以获取进口许可证，而且也难以获取关税减免。,一般按照宾语从句在原文中所处位置进行翻译,We sincerely hope that you can do something to advance our time of shipment, since time of delivery is very important to us.,既然我方未收到贵方电邮，我方理所当然认为贵方已经提取货物。,Since we havent received your email, we take it for granted that you have already

5、 collected your goods.,我方诚挚希望贵方能将我方货物装运的时间提前，因为交货时间对我方来说非常重要。,（2）宾语从句的翻译,通常按照英语句子的顺序进行翻译,The question is whether the goods are to be repacked at Bangkok since the charges for special packing are excluded from our price.,英国一家慈善组织发起了一项号召女性上传素颜自拍照的在线活动。(该活动)旨在通过卸妆，展现出女性真实的一面。,An online campaign was lau

6、nched by a charity organization in UK ，which asked women to post selfies without wearing makeup. The idea behind it was that by removing their makeup, the women exposed their real selves.,现在的问题是，这批货物是否要在曼谷进行重新包装，因为我方价格并不包含特别包装的费用。,（3）表语从句的翻译,一、先译同位语从句，再译出先行词； 二、将先行词译成汉语中的动词，再将从句译成汉语中的主谓结构，充当动词的宾语； 三

7、、将“that”译成“即”、“也就是说”，或“:”，表示同前述内容一致。,（4）同位语从句的翻译,The fact that we are the largest suppliers of woolen underwear in this country is in itself evidence of the good value of our products.,我们是该国羊毛内衣的最大供货商，这一事实本身就证明了我方产品质量上乘。,汉语语序：先时间，后地点；先原因，后结果；先条件，后事实等。因此，翻译时需要符合汉语语言表达习惯。,The risk of loss of or damage

8、 to the goods, as well as the obligation to bear the costs relating to the goods, passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled this obligation to deliver the goods.,若卖方已履行完毕发货责任，则货物遭到灭失或损毁的风险以及承担与货物相关的所有费用的责任就由卖方转至买方。,（5）状语从句的翻译,Your allegation suggests nothing but your imaginat

9、ion which is groundless that the damage of the goods would have been attributed to improper packing methods.,Graduates tend to compare job opportunities based on their immediate interests. However, they miss the point that many companies start graduates with entry-level positions for a year or two b

10、efore offering better roles and bigger responsibilities.,练习,Ideis decision to depart a year ahead of schedule is a sign that the company may be even worse off than previously thought, that his goal of restoring profit margins to 10 % by 2007 is now beyond reach. (Nobuyuki Idei: 出井伸之，索尼集团前任董事会主席和首席执行

11、官),Mr. Jin played a leading role in overcoming suspicions about the banksuch as that, by offering less stringent lending conditions, it would threaten existing multilateral lenders, notably the World Bank and the ADB.,练习,练习,Indeed, the ISO 9000 series is now so well recognized it has become like a p

12、assport, the minimum a company must show before clients will even consider buying its products or services.,If any change is required regarding the terms and conditions of this agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided, however, that any change of th

13、is agreement shall be subject to the approval by the government of both parties.,一般来说，限制性定语从句由于对主句起着限制作用，并影响着主句的完整性，所以在翻译时，只要译文上口而又不会引起误解，都是可以前置的。但是在实践中，由于汉语中短句的使用比英语更普遍，所以常常将限制性定语从句翻译成与主句并列的句子，而非限制性定语从句一般可以翻译成为并列句或独立句。,（6）定语从句的翻译,（i）限定性定语从句的翻译 （ii）非限定性定语从句的翻译 （iii）带有状语功能的定语从句 （iv）分离式定语从句的翻译 （v）As引导

14、的定语从句,（i）限定性定语从句的翻译,1.前置法：把英语的限制性定语从句翻译成带“的”字的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将英语的复句变成汉语的单句。例如：,根据损失分摊制度，政府和接管银行管理的实体将分摊各种损失。,Under the loss-sharing system, the government and an entity that would take over the management of the bank will share the losses.,在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。,In the room where the electronic comp

15、uter is kept, there must be no dust at all.,（i）限定性定语从句的翻译,1.前置法：,有房地产市场、外汇市场、劳务市场、短期资金市场等等；任何有价值的东西都可能有个市场。,There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labor markets, short-term capital market, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price.,More than 400 technological

16、achievements from more than 300 businesses and academic institutions from home and abroad have been submitted to the Third World Internet Conference as candidates. All the candidates are being reviewed by a panel of well-known scientists, and the ones that will be unveiled at the conference will hav

17、e passed a strict selection process.,来自国内外300多家企业和学术机构的400多项科技成果已提交至第三届世界互联网大会作为参展候选作品。 所有候选作品由知名科学家组成的小组进行评审，在大会期间展示的科技成果作品都将是经过严格筛选的。,（ii）非限定性定语从句的翻译,2. 后置法 译成并列分句。在译文中将定语从句后置，重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。例如：,二十年来，中国给出了许多优惠条件来吸引跨国公司，如今这些公司在汽车、移动电话和其他商品的市场中处于支配地位。,For 20 years, China has given many breaks to lur

18、e multinationals, which now dominate markets for cars, cell phones, and other goods.,明天要签订的另一项协议是关于我们双方间的技术合作，我们相信，这项合作会有助于提高我方（本公司）产品的质量。,Another agreement to be signed tomorrow will concern technical cooperation between us, which, we believe, can help to improve the quality of our products.,（ii）非限

19、定性定语从句的翻译,2. 后置法 在译文中将定语从句后置，省略英语关系代词所代表的含义。例如：,The companys board of directors approved the sale agreement, in which Samsung would sell the entire global operations and assets of its printing business to HP, the South Korean tech giant said in a statement.,韩国科技巨头三星公司在一份声明中指出，其董事会批准了这份出售协议，三星将打印机业务的

20、整个全球运作系统和资产出售给惠普。,People who are very fearful of dental care often experience a cycle of avoidance, in which they avoid dental care due to fear until they experience a dental emergency requiring invasive treatment, which can reinforce their fear of dentistry.,非常害怕看牙的人常会经历“逃避循环”，他们由于恐惧而逃避看牙，直到他们遇到牙科急

21、症，需要进行侵入性治疗，而这种治疗又会加重他们的恐惧。,（ii）非限定性定语从句的翻译,2.后置法 译成汉语的独立句。例如：,The consumer spending slump and tightening credit markets are unleashing a widening wave of bankruptcies in American retailing, prompting thousands of store closings that are expected to remake suburban malls and downtown shopping distri

22、cts across the country.,消费下降和信贷收缩引发了美国零售业日益扩大的破产风潮,成千上万的商店关门歇业。而这些地方本来预计要改造成美国各地的郊区购物中心和闹市区的购物区。,Corporate tax cut will certainly motivate the private sector, which will be the driving force for an economic recovery in the country.,企业减税（税收削减）肯定会刺激私营经济。而私营经济的发展将成为该国经济复苏的推动力。,（iii）带有状语功能的定语从句, 译成表示“原因

23、”的分句。从句所表示的情况往往是句中动作或情况发生或不能发生的直接原因,翻译成汉语时在从句前往往加上“因为”“由于”等连词,例如：,The speaker did not talk at length about the matter, which was not considered by the White House to be a particularly important question.,发言人没有详细谈到这件事情，因为白宫没有把这件事情看做是一个特别重要的问题。,We did not place an order with that company, whose offer

24、was not what we had expected.,我方未向该公司下订单，因其报价与我方预期不一致。,（iii）带有状语功能的定语从句, 译成表示“结果”的分句。用来表示主句中动作或情况发生后必然导致的结果或影响,因此,翻译成汉语时在从句前加上“因此,“从而,“所以”等连词,例如：,There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of the directors of the board.,这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魄力,所以使董事们都很喜欢。,Planned obsolescence （计划性淘汰）or built-in obsolescence（内置报废） in industrial design and economics is a policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life, which will become unfashionable