大萧条与罗斯福新政(英文版)

1、,The Great Depression and Roosevelts “ New Deal”,by: XY,如有疑问可q我69626325,1,the Great Depression,the Great Depression,USA annual real GDP from 191060, with the years of the Great Depression (19291939) highlighted.,What were 4 effects of the Great Depression?,effects,Unemployment and homelessness incre

2、ased,Political Unrest,Bank Closings - the collapse of the nations financial system,Farm Foreclosures,Black Thursday (1929.10.24) The New York Stock Market crash,图中的牌子上写道：“100美元可买下这辆轿车，在股市上丧失了一切，急需现钞。”,The stock market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the worst economic crisis in American histor

3、y. Millions of people lost their jobs. Thousands lost their homes. During the next several years, a large part of the richest nation on earth learned what it meant to be poor. Hard times found their way into every area, group, and job. Workers struggled as factories closed. Farmers, hit with falling

4、 prices and natural disasters, were forced to give up their farms. Businessmen lost their stores and sometimes their homes. It was a severe economic crisis - a depression.,Great quantities of milk were poured into the river , and many products were destroyed while the people went hungry and unemploy

5、ed.,农场主销毁过剩的牛奶,Business Cycle 1890-1940,The economic crisis began with the stock market crash in October, 1929. For the first year, the economy fell very slowly. But it dropped sharply in 1931 and 1932. And by the end of 1932, the economy collapsed almost completely.,The GNP is the total of all good

6、s and services produced. During the three years following the stock market crash, the American GNP dropped by almost half. The wealth of the average American dropped to a level lower than it had been twenty-five years earlier.,All the gains of the 1920s were washed away.,Unemployment rose sharply. T

7、he number of workers looking for a job jumped from 3% to more than 25% in just four years. One of every three or four workers was looking for a job in 1932.,The depression caused serious public health problems. Hospitals across the country were filled with sick people whose main illness was a lack o

8、f food. The health department in New York City found that one of every five of the citys children did not get enough food. 99% of the children attending a school in a coal-mining area reportedly were underweight. In some places, people died of hunger.,The quality of housing also fell. Families were

9、forced to crowd into small houses or apartments to share costs. Many people had no homes at all. They slept on public streets, buses, or trains. One official in Chicago reported in 1931 that several hundred women without homes were sleeping in city parks. In a number of cities, people without homes

10、built their houses from whatever materials they could find. They used empty boxes or pieces of metal to build shelters in open areas.,It had been the immense disparity between the countrys productive power and the American peoples ability to consume.,The core of the problem,2,Roosevelts “ New Deal”,

11、People blamed President Hoover because they thought he was not doing enough to help them. Hoover did take several actions to try to improve the economy. But he resisted proposals for the federal government to provide aid in a major way. And he refused to let the government spend more money than it e

12、arned. Hoover told the nation: Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive decision.,Herbert Hoover,People called these areas of little temporary houses Hoovervilles. They blamed President Hoover for their situation. So, too, did the men forced to sleep in public parks at

13、night. They covered themselves with pieces of paper. And they called the paper Hoover blankets. People without money in their pants called their empty pockets Hoover flags.,Hoover flags,Causes,Causes,Drop in farm income,Worldwide depression,Low factory wages,Underconsumption,The New Deal,Recover,Rel

14、ief,Reform,Content,At home,At abroad,many public projects were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agricultural production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were also compelled to make reform

15、s. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pensions to the old, unemployed and the injured.,Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old markets and to conquer new ones under the cloak of the “Good Neighbor Policy”,The New Deal,Nature:,Importance:,Roosevelts “New Deal” did no

16、t change the capitalist system but helped to improve it.,It relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people, stopped the nation from collapsing and especially prevented the U.S. from becoming a fascist state such as Germany, Italy and Japan. The Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.,Gave country confidence,a. Ended banking crisis,b. Helped with some Jobs,c. Infrastructure (buildings, schools, bridges, electric