名校生理学血液循环

1、.CHAPTER 4 CIRCULATI血液循环，prof . Wang ting Huai department of physology。第3部分血管物理血管生理学。动脉，毛细血管，静脉，弹性储存血管：主动脉和主动脉分配血管：中动脉阻力血管：小动脉和微动脉，交换血管，容量血管，I .差异布氏体其他血管功能特征1。Artery:动脉a . aorta and large artery Pressure ressure reservoir压力存储maintain the continual blood fluid in the artery system。维持动脉系统内持续的血流低阻血管tra

2、nsport blood to every app Aratus of the globle body将血液输送到全身所有器官。b .中间动脉： carry blood to arterioles中间动脉：将血流输送到小动脉，也称为血管分配。c .小动脉和动脉-阻力血管small artery and arteriole are the main position of organism to regulate thethe diameter of resistance vessel are regulated by neuro hormonal factors。小动脉和微血管是身体长期血流和

3、器官间血液再分配的主要部分，其血管口径由神经体液因素控制。2 .capillary vessel 3360 exchange vessel毛细血管：交换血管blood flow from arteriole to venu les by passing capillary to carry out the exchange of subsances bees血流通过毛细血管到小静脉，完成血液和组织液的物质交换。Precapillary sphincter毛细血管前括约肌function : control of inflow of capillaries角色：控制毛细血管流入。A-V shun

4、t (anastomosis)动脉段落(吻合)function:blood flows directly from arteriole to vein ule through a-V shunt。作用：血液通过动静脉直接咨询到微静脉。3 .venus vessel静脉血管(容量血管)Large vein、vena cava、venule、veinule腔静脉、腔静脉、小静脉、微静脉Blood reservoir血液库(60%至70)，.血液动力学Blood flow，抵抗军to blood flow and pressure血流，血流阻力和血压1。blood flow : blood volu

5、me passing a given section in the cardio vascular system per unit time(ml/s)。血流：单位时间通过血管一个部分的血液量(ml/s)。P1-p2 a . q=3354 r q:blood flow P1-p2:the DP of the two vessel ends r 3360 resistance，The mode of blood flowing in The blood vessel can be classified into laminar flow and turbulent flow。血液在血管中流动的方

6、式可以分为层流和湍流。，实验性Reynolds number - Reynold数： NR=DV/(rho): density of fluid液体密度D: diameter of the tube直径V:有Laminar flow Turbulent flow层流湍流the same flow direction the different flow direction流动方向不匹配no vibration Vibration没有振动no sound Sound没有声音，Poiseulle s law for laminar flow conforms to laminar flow but

7、 turbulent flow . under turbulent flow，The blood flow is not in direct proportsposu leaves定律适用于层流流动。湍流的情况下，系流叶的规律不再适用，血流不是与血管两端的压力差成正比，而是与压力差的平方根成正比。2 .Resistance to blood flow:血流阻力P1-p2 8l f=-r=-rR4 resistance comes from external friction(l，rtotal peripheral resistance is mainly determined by arter

8、ioles(60%到70%)。阻力主要是外部摩擦(l，r)和内部摩擦()，总外部主阻力的60-70%主要发生在微动脉。The blood flow of organ is determined by mean arterial blood pressure and blood resistance。the diameter of arterioles is the determining factor to reg长期血流量主要受平均动脉压和血管半径的影响。小动脉和微动脉口径的变化是调节器官血流和器官之间血液再分配的最大因素。，Blood pressure bpp two requiremen

9、ts for Blood pressure formation :血压形成的两个条件：a . Blood filling in cardio vascular system心血管血液充电Mean circulatory，B. Cardiac ejection心脏摄影血液kinetic energy:push the blood to flow cardia contrction energe sis potential energy 3360 vessel wall expand cards，动能：促进血液流动心脏收缩释放能量势能：血管壁扩张心脏扩张：主动脉弹性收缩部分势能动能：使血液继续向前

10、运动，iii。动脉血压，1 .Normal value正常值，Normal value mmhg kpa systolic Pressure收缩期压力100 120 13.3 16 diastolic Pressure长压力60 6080 810 Pulse Pressure脉冲压力30 ，a.d n流动规则of blood pressure血压的昼夜波动，double peaks and double valley(day rhythm)bimodal double valley(昼夜节律)，Lowest at 2 to 3 o clock in the morning上午2-3点最低One

11、 Peak during 6 to 10 in the morning上午6-10点最高another Peak during 4 to 8 in the afternoon下午4点，B. diagnos criteria of hyperension高血压诊断标准，Catalogues sp DP normal 120 90 pro phase 120 139 80 89 1st phase 140 159 992889: (doi 10.1001/JAMA。289.19.2560。高血压分类mmhg (mmHg)正常120和90高血压前120 139或80 89 1高血压140 159或90 99 2高血压160或100，c . different vessel of systemic circulation身体循环其他血管的血压。平均压力(mmHg)主动脉100动脉(3mm) 95微动脉起始端85微动脉结束端55毛细血管起始端30，Fall of blood pressure is in direct proportion to the resistance of blood flow，and the BP decreases signifiecantly in the arteriole，Where血压下降与血流阻力成正比