新编英语教程6unit 4 A red light for scofflaws

1、Unit 4,A Red Light for Scofflaws,Outline:,I. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans are breaking the legal codes. Examples Quotation II. (Para. 2-4) Varieties of scofflaws Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry is

2、the _. Examples Statistics Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the _. Examples Quotation,most visible,red-light runner,III. (Para. 5-8) Dangers of scofflaws Para. 5 The flouting of basic rules harms society because scofflaws show no _ to the social rules and display _ for the fundamentals of order

3、. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents _. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to _. Examples,respect,contempt,the elementary social demoralization,violent crimes,Para. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law

4、 more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations different levels: government at many levels 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ IV. (Para. 9) Conclusion The thesis: Scofflawry is extremely _ and U. S. society must do something about it.,police,state legislatures,the Administration in Washington,infectious,ordinary cit

5、izens,What do they mean? scofflaw, scofflawry n. take to (l. 7) litter-bugs (l. 14) pot (l. 17) joint (l. 19) stitches (l. 62) skirt (l. 69) translation (l. 83),Scoff+law like people who litter in public places marijuana cigarette containing marijuana on the wound avoid explanation,Scofflaw is a nou

6、n coined during the Prohibition era meaning a person who drinks illegally. It is a compound of the words scoff and law, meaning one who mocks or ridicules the law. The meaning has since been extended to describe one who flouts any law, especially those which are difficult to enforce, and particularl

7、y traffic laws.,Translate the following phrases into English,违法者 随意对待 乱扔垃圾 骗税 非法制造噪音 机动车无序 理所当然的事情 视觉垃圾 垃圾场 对熟视无睹 避人耳目 乱穿马路的人 逃票者,law-breaker take liberties with outlaw litter tax cheating illicit noise motorized anarchy a matter of course visual rubbish trash dumps be blind to duck out of public si

8、ght jaywalker fare beater,Translate the following phrases into English,公害 醉驾 闯红灯 违反交通规则 对半的机率 个别现象 生命危险 社会道德败坏 不文明行为 守法公民 打法律的擦边球 执法不力 作壁上观,public nuisance drunk driving red-light running traffic violation 50-50 toss-up/chance individual instance mortal peril social demoralization incivility law-abi

9、ding citizen skirt the law fail to enforce law sit still,Can you find more useful expressions?,Find expressions about law, crime or scofflawry, traffic violation and car.,Laws: law-and-order legal codes rules ordinances rules of the road statutes,Crime and scofflawry: dereliction outlaw traffic viol

10、ation law-breaker law-breaking culprit minor wrong major crime violent crime transgression noncompliance incivility 不文明行为,litter tax cheating illicit noise motorized anarchy graffiti hooliganism pot-smoker use of cocaine jaywalking spitting fare beater,守法 abide by the law comply with the law observe

11、 the law obey the law keep the law,Traffic violation and car double parking 并排泊车 drunk driving speeding red-light running rear-end 追尾 stop signals stoplight,high-beam lights 远光灯 windshield 挡风玻璃 tail lights 尾灯 dump-truck 自动卸货车 stalled car 抛锚的汽车,Part I,I. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans a

12、re breaking the legal codes. Thesis statement: millios of Americans, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes.,Part I,synonyms let alone illegal heedlessly negligence,not to mention,much less,illicit,dereliction,blithely,Part I,take liberties (a liberty) with: behave in a bold or impolit

13、e way towards 随意对待，放肆 e.g. take liberties with ones health take great liberties with grammar The director of the play has taken too many liberties with the original novel. take the liberty to do sth. take the liberty of sth. e.g. I took the liberty of using your computer when you are away. May I tak

14、e the liberty of calling you ?,Part I,take to: like; start doing sth. as a habit e.g. He has taken to getting up at 6 and going jogging. Hes taken to drinking.,Part II varieties of scofflaws,Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably dangerous s

15、cofflawry is the most visible. Examples Statistical data Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner. Examples Quotation,P2,abound: v. be plentiful (l. 11) e.g. Rumors abound as to the reason for his resignation. Sarcasm abounds in “Fortress Besieged”. flurry: abundance, great quantit

16、y pass around: offer flagrant: notorious What does “hello, Everybody” mean?,P2,coined compound words the graffiti-prone litter-bugs two-wheeled vehicles high-decibel portable radios the beer-soaked hooliganism middle- and upper-class life,P3,What is the most immediately and measurably dangerous scof

17、flaws? What dangers have they caused?,P3,beater: swindler, cheater measurably: greatly add up to: result in colossal: very large open highway: broad highway,P4,flout: treat with contempt wane: decline roulette Russian roulette,Part III Dangers of scofflaws,Para. 5 The flouting of basic rules harms s

18、ociety because scofflaws show no respect to the social rules and display contempt for the fundamentals of order. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents the elementary social demoralization. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to violent crimes.

19、 Examples Para. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations,P5,In what way is red-light running a more serious breach of social order? they show no respect for the social rules society cannot help being harmed Idea is de

20、epened here: Scofflawry is related to social morality. Pay attention to the use of “however” in the text. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text?,P5,instance: situation e.g. He is right about most things, but in this instance, I think he was wrong. in your instance When the violation be

21、comes habitual, widespread and incessant, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. ? when it developed into a social habit, it becomes a problem a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem.,P5,leave a deep dent: damage (metaphor) If hypocrisy is the tribute that vic

22、e pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaws salute to the force of law-and-order. Wrongdoers, in their dealing with the virtuous, act as if they are person of good repute. A true lawbreaker in confronting the police force acts stealthily and try to conceal his crime. brazen: shameless, bo

23、ld-faced whatever, whatsoever: (emphasize) at all 无论什么 e.g. There is no doubt whatsoever. I cant see any one whatsoever.,P6,for all their differences: no matter how different they are in forms of a piece: same to each other symptom of elementary social demoralization: indication that the society has

24、 been degraded morally govern: discipline,P6,What point does the writer want to make with the example of children? The scofflaw spirit is pervasive and the loss of morality is even cultivated in childhood.,P7,What premonition does the write make in p.7 and 8? Scofflawry is not a matter of bad manner

25、s; it may be more powerful than violent crimes in shaking the foundation of U.S law. two warnings: Scofflawry may lead to serious crimes. Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law (more than violent crimes).,P7,prospect: future violent outbreaks: violent actions agains

26、t the law items: examples, cases hurl: throw slug: slog, hit hard with fist batter: hit hard bolt: metal bar the Houston Freeway syndrome like a disease (metaphor),P8,skirt: avoid; go around the edge of e.g. A path skirts around the village. His speech skirted around the main issue. major instance:

27、important example exhilarating: exciting unwitting: unconscious,P8,government at many levels: - police - state legislatures - the Administration in Washington mandate: order constituents: voters subvert: undermine enact: levy puny: very small, insignificant trivialize: makeinsignificant transgressio

28、n: law-breaking, violation of rules,P8,dramatize: make more obvious nullify: declare legally void rulings: (court) official decision justification: reasons Translation: scofflawry at the top. ? That means: Administration in Washington is the law-breaker in the highest position.,P8,Is it appropriate

29、for the write to end his essay by presenting evidence of scofflawry at the top? If the law-makers are ignoring the law, how can the ordinary citizens be expected to abide by the law.,IV. Conclusion,P.9 Scofflawry is extremely infectious and U.S. society must do something about it. disquieting: distu

30、rbing, upsetting, annoying terminal: fatal, approaching death e.g. terminal cancer terminally ill sit still: do nothing allow: tolerate indefinite: unchecked,windshield,hood / bonnet,trunk / boot,sunroof,headlight,indicator,side light,rear-view mirror,door handle,license plate,brake light reversing

31、light,tire,steering wheel dashboard gear stick accelerator clutch brake horn,Car,Exercises,III. Translation 1. He cant even afford to rent a one-room flat, let alone buy a villa. The editor is not entitled to take liberties with the text of a literary work. Under the influence of my parents, I took

32、to literature in my teens. My sister having left for college, her bedroom has been converted into a study. Shortage of fund and labour has been plaguing the company for many years. Shanghai ranks as one of the key international navigation centers in the world. The incessant noise from the constructi

33、on site kept us awake all night. As the other party failed to fulfill their obligations time and again, they decided to nullify the contract.,Exercises,2. 法律与秩序是美国历史上持续时间最长且很可能是人们最为热衷的政治议题。但可悲的是，数以百万的美国人，虽然从不以为自己是违法者，更谈不上是罪犯，但对旨在保护、滋养他们的社会所制定的法规越来越不当回事。说真的，当今像乱扔赃物、骗税、制造扰民噪音和机动车无序行驶等一系列藐视法律的行为好像代表了未来

34、的潮流。哈佛大学的社会学家李斯曼甚至怀疑绝大多数美国人已经漫不经心地把犯一些似乎是小错的行为当成是理所当然的事。李斯曼说美国社会的伦理甚至已经堕落到“只有傻瓜才守法”的地步。,Exercises,Language work I. Grammar 1. 1) The charge brought against the bicyclist in green was one of violating the traffic laws. 2) All obstacles in the way of putting an end to scofflawry should be swept away. 3) To speak plainly, the new scheme to enforce certain