初中英语名词考点小结.ppt

1、A,1,初中英语名词考点小结 I hope everyone can make success in education exam. Ms.Zhang,A,2,专有名词（Proper Nouns） 普通名词 (Common Nouns） 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。,名词的分类,A,3,1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的 个体，如：student,desk,apple。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干

2、个个体组成的 集合体，如：class,team,family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实 物，如：rice,water,milk。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、 感情等抽象概念，如：love,life,work。,普通名词又分为四类,A,4,个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns） 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）,所以一般情况下我们所说的名词复数指的就是可数名词的复数问题,A,5,一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后

3、读/s/ map-maps book-books 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags car-cars,名词复数的规则变化(1),A,6,以s, sh, ch,x 等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches,bridge- bridges 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ exercise-exercises,名词复数的规则变化(2),A,7,以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-h

4、olidays,以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i 再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies factory-factories,名词复数的规则变化(3),A,8,以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加-s roof-roofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves half-halves leaf-leaves life-lives,名词复数的规则变化(4),总结：小偷和妻子用架子上的小刀结束了狼和树叶的半条命,A,9,a tomato,some tomato

5、es,some potatoes,some heroes,初中阶段以o结尾的名词复数主要是加- s,只有这几个加- es: Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.,名词复数的规则变化(5),A,10,foot - feet,child - children,tooth - teeth,mouse - mice,名词复数的不规则变化(1),goose- geese,总结：牙脚鹅,A,11,名词复数的不规则变化(2),man - men,woman - women,men doctors,women teachers,A,12,a German,some German

6、s,American -Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians,some policemen,a policeman,Englishman Englishmen Frenchman - Frenchmen,一些需要强调的表示人的名词复数,A,13,one sheep,two sheep,a Chinese,two Chinese,a Japanese,several Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化(3):单复数形式相同,总结：羊鹿鱼,A,14,one fish 一条鱼,fishes 不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three f

7、ish 三条鱼,some fish一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,名词复数的不规则变化(4): “fish”,想一想：我们学过的名词还有哪些和fish的用法相同？,A,15,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(1) a.有些词既可数又不可数但意思不同: paper 报纸/试卷/文件/讲义 纸张 time 次数/倍数 时间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 fish 鱼 鱼肉 b.有些词虽以-s结尾但却是单数: news , math(s) , physics , politics, . c.有些词始终是复数形式: people(人们), clothes, trousers, glass

8、es(眼镜) , works(著作), times(时代). 有些词通常都是复数形式: shoes, gloves, ,A,16,d. people有两种意思:人/人们;民族 There are 56 peoples in China. 民族(加-s构成复数) There are 56 people in the room. 人(们)(本身就是复数) e.这些是最常见的不可数名词,一般都没有复数形式 news, information, weather, work(工作), bread, knowledge, advice, fun 但是可以加上一些表示单位的名词来够成短语: a _ of p

9、aper / bread / meat / work / advice a _ of tea / coffee a _of water / milk a _ of glasses / trousers / gloves,必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(2),piece cup glass/bottle pair,A,17,a.“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时该名词用单数形式 a two-month holiday an 8-year-old boy the boys 400-metre race,必须注意的特殊用法,b.关于几个表示数量的单位词 hundreds / thousands / m

10、illions of people 9 hundred / thousand / million people,总结：数字连字符用原型,总结：确切数字用原型，概述s加of,A,18,中考有关名词的试题,1、These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 2、This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Jan

11、es C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 3、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4、 -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 5、 _ turn yellow in autumn. A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs,C,D,D,C,B,A,19

12、,6、Help yourselves to some _ , dear children! A. fishs B. fishes C. fish D. the fish 7、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 8、Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childr

13、ens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 9、_ hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a 10、I met two _ in the street yesterday morning. A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese 11、 _ are going to England for a holiday. A. The Wang B. Wangs C. The Wangs D. The Wangs,C

14、,B,A,C,D,D,A,20,根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。 1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.” 2. How many d_ does your uncle have? 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside. 4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_. 5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world. 6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living. 8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air. 9. H