Attributive Clause 定语从句详解

1、The Attributive Clause,By Lillian,Review,At 3:42, everything began to shake. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, ( ) is more than two hundred kilometers away. A huge crack ( ) was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. The number of people ( ) were killed o

2、r injured reached more than 400,000.,Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake On the night of July 28, 1976, one million people of the city, ( ) thought little of these events, were asleep as usual.,who,which,that,who,Review,After the earthquake, nearly everything was destroyed, but ho

3、pe was not lost. The army organized teams to dig out those ( ) were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors ( ) homes had been destroyed Slowly, the city began to breathe again.,whose,who,Observe,At 3:42, everything began to shake. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, ( ) i

4、s more than two hundred kilometers away. A huge crack ( ) was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. The number of people ( ) were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.,Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake On the night of July 28, 1

5、976, one million people of the city, ( ) thought little of these events, were asleep as usual.,who,which,that,who,Observe,After the earthquake, nearly everything was destroyed, but hope was not lost. The army organized teams to dig out those ( ) were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelt

6、ers for survivors ( ) homes had been destroyed Slowly, the city began to breathe again.,whose,who,先行词：名词/代词,引导词：关系代词,The Attributive Clause,The Attributive Clause 定语从句 在复合句中做定语修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它一定放在被修饰名词之后。,先行词 (antecedent),The boy who is tall is Tom.,关系词(relative),主句 (Main Clause),定语从句 (Attri

7、butive Clause),关系词 Relative,关系词:引导定语从句的关联词,that which who whom whose,where when why,关系代词,关系副词,关系词的作用： 引导定语从句； 代替先行词； 在定语从句中充当一个成分。,关系代词,可指代人的关系代词who/whom/that/whose： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ (that) I want to meet. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last yea

8、r. who在从句中充当主语；whom充当宾语，可省略；that充当主语宾语都可；whose是属格，可修饰物。,The girl is from America.,I called her just now.,The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.,关系代词,可指代物的关系代词which/whose/that： The apple which/that is red is mine. (主语) This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. (宾语) Thats the man w

9、hose house was burned down. (定语) which在从句充当主语或宾语（可省略）；that充当主语或宾语（可省略）；whose是属格充当定语。,练一练,I showed him the letter.,I received it this morning,I showed him the letter (which/that) I received this morning.,I have read the newspaper.,It carries the important news.,I have read the newspaper which/that ca

10、rries the important news.,The man _/_ was here yesterday is a painter.,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.,A letter _/_ is written in pencil is hard to read.,who,that,that,whose,which,练一练,That is the boy _/_/_/_ you are looking for.,whom,that,which,/,关系代词归纳,Have a guess,Pair work: One st

11、udent describe the photo on the screen, another one guess what it is. The speaker cannot tell the name directly! You need to describe the photos with attributive clause.,singer, actor, album Fantastic, Ling Kun, Taiwan,Jay Zhou,Christmas Tree,Dictionary,Typhoon,for Christmas, decorations,give a list

12、 of words, explain meanings,natural disaster, strong winds,定语从句中只用that引导的情况,当先行词前有这些词语修饰时： the + 形容词最高级 the + 序数词 由the last, the same, the only, the very等修饰 有any, no, all等限定词时,Thats the first book that I bought.,This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.,This is the only book that has been writ

13、ten in French.,I need to review all the words that Ive learned.,定语从句中只用that引导的情况,当先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, something, little, much, few, nothing等时。 先行词是be的表语或there be的主语时。 先行词是词组，而且词组含人又含物时。,He talked about the things and persons that he had visited in the city.,Thats all that I can do now

14、.,She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.,定语从句中只用that引导的情况,当主语是who 或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 （避免重复）,Which is the bike that you lost?,定语从句中只用which引导的情况,在非限制性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。 关系代词直接在介词后面时。,e.g. Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.,This is the house.,The famous writer on

15、ce lived in it.,This is the house (which/that) the famous writer once lived in.,This is the house in which the famous writer once lived.,This is the house where the famous writer once lived.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,prop. + which“物”,根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的搭配来决定。,用适当的介词填空： I spent 5 yuan _ the book. I paid 5 yuan _ th

16、e book. I learnt _ the book a lot. Tom often talk _ the book.,This is the book,_ I spent 5 yuan. _ I paid 5 yuan. _I learnt a lot. _Tom often talk.,on which,for which,from which,about which,on,for,from,about,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,This is my pair of glasses, _ I cannot see clearly.,without which,This is my

17、pair of glasses. I cannot see clearly _ it.,without,The room _ faces south is mine.,根据先行词。the+n.+of+which/whom可转换为whose+n.,The room is mine. The window of the room faces south.,the window of which/whose window,根据句意来判断介词。,prop. + whom“人”,Do you know the girl with/to/about whom head teacher is talking

18、?,The one _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute.,The man _ the engineer works likes singing.,The pen friend _ the poet writes is good at history.,for whom,with whom,to whom,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,归 纳,2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用which/that指物，用who/whom/that指人；而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,Here is the car (that) I told you

19、 about.,1. 当介词位于关系代词之前时（介词提前），不能用that, 而用which（物）和whom（人）。,Here is the car about which I told you.,注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。,This is the pen (that/which) I am looking for.,This is the pen for which I am looking.,此类常见的有： look for/after, care for, hear of/about/from, take care of,练

20、一练,The moment _ I made the decision is exciting. This is the knife _ I usually cut my pencil. We cant live without the sun _ we get heat and light. He built a telescope _ he could study the sky. I dont like the way _ you laugh at her.,at which,with which,from which,through which,that/in which/-,注意：以

21、the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由that或in which引导，而且通常可以省略。,练一练,T or F? This is the watch for which I am looking. ( ) The man with whom you talked is my friend. ( ) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. ( ) Hangzhou is the place to which I went last summer. ( ) I will go back to the town w

22、hich I grew up and live forever. ( ) Would you please tell me the way he worked out the problem? ( ),F,T,F,T,F,F,关系副词,when,指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词，如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.,He came last night when I was out.,We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.,关

23、系副词,where,指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.,I live in the room where she used to live.,Shantou is the city where I was born.,why,指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。其先行词为reason。,Can you tell me the reason why you lies to me?,关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代,when= on(in, at, during) which,where= on(in, at

24、, to, in front of) which,why= for which,关系代词VS关系副词： 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语。 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。,关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代,when= on(in, at, during) which,I still remember the day. I first met him on the day.,I still remember the day when I first met him.,I still remember the day on which I first met him.,or,关系副词与介词+关系

25、代词的替代,where= on(in, at, to) which,Great change has taken place in the city. I was born in the city.,Great change has taken place in the city where I was born.,Great change has taken place in the city in which I was born.,or,关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代,why= for which,This is the reason. I was late for school for

26、 this.,This is the reason why I was late for school.,This is the reason for which I was late for school.,or,that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。,that 代替关系副词,e.g. His father died the year that / when / in which he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。,He is unlikely to find

27、 the place _ he lived forty years ago.,(that / where / in which),如何选用定语从句的关系词？,首先分清主句和定语从句。 确定定语从句的先行词。 把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中充当什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）。 若先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语或者定语，则选择关系代词；若做状语，则选择关系副词。,This is the place _ (which/where) I spend my childhood .,This is the place _ (which/where) I visited last su

28、mmer .,Ill will never forever the days _ (which/when) we spend together .,Ill will never forever the days _ (which/when) we live together in the country .,where,which,which,when,练一练,【2015陕西】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent. which B. where C. whom D. when,D,【2016 北京】I live next to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.,【2015安徽】Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill on _ school education depends. it B. that C. whose D. which,D,whose,练一练,【2016全国】I had one trip last