初中英语语法――主谓一致

1、中学英语语法3354主谓匹配，解说员：韩旭，一，语法匹配原则2，语义匹配原则3，最近的匹配原则，一，语法匹配原则，(1)主语单数时谓语单数；主语是复数的时候，谓语使用复数形式。he goes to school early every morning。the children are playing outside。(2)以动词不定式或动词ing的形式给出时，谓语动词使用单数。如果不是谓语的动词同时给出两个以上的主语，谓语动词指两个以上的动作时就使用复数形式。to see _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/are)to believe . doing eye exercises _ _ _

2、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _lying and stealing(is/are)immoral。(3)当and或both连接的并行成分用作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式。Both he and I are right .但是，如果平行主语是指相同的人、相同的事物或相同的概念，谓语动词就使用单数。A/the单数名词和单数名词指相同的人或物。A/the单数名词and a/the单数名词，指两者或物。the writer and teacher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/are)coming。the writer and the teacher _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3、_(is/Are)coming . a knife and fork _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _，(4)如果要提前用and连接的并行单数主语，则在分别用each，every进行公式时，谓语动词必须以单数形式使用。inour country every boy and every girl(has/have)the right to receive education。each man and each woman(is/are)asked to help。(5)主语为单数时，后跟介词短语，如but、except、besides、with，但是谓语动词使用单数。the teacher w

4、ith his students(is/are)going to visit the museum。nobody but two boys(is/are)late for class。(6) each、either、neither、another、The other、some、any、no、every以主语或构成的复合代词为主体，谓语动词使用单数。each of them(has/have)an English dictionary。neither answers is correct。is everyready？Someody is using the phone。(7)当给定由两部分组成的

5、对象(如glasses、shoes、trousers、chopstcicks、scissers等)的名词时，谓词动词使用复数形式。Where my shoes？Your trousers dirty。在这样的名词之前使用a pair of等的情况下，通常用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。here(is/are)some new pairs of shoes。my new pair of socks(is/are)on the bed。(8)不确定代词someody，somene，something，anybody，anyagey，Everyone，everyhing

6、，nobody，no one，nosomething(is/are)wrong with the bike。nobody (was/were) in。(is/are) every one here today？第二，一致意义的原理，(1)主题形式是单数，但意义是复数形式，因此谓语动词使用复数形式。或主语形式上的复数，但表示单数美的谓语动词是单数形式。my family are having lunch now . twenty dollars is too expeensive for the book。(2)以表时间、价格、重量、个数、长度、数学运算等多个名词为主题表示整个概念时，谓语动词使

7、用单数。two months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/Are)a long holiday . twenty pounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _()five MINUS four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/are)one。(3)通过给与family，class，group，team等集体名词来指代整体时，谓语动词是单数形式，如果是指特定的成员，则谓语动词是复数形式。his family _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/are)not large。my family all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(like/lik

8、es)watching TV，(4)peopPeople here (is/are) very friendly。the youth (is/are) having a meeting。(5)主语为单数时with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like，rather than，但是在“名词as well as名词”中，谓语动词通常必须与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(has/have)been to England . Mike，like his bro

9、ther，_ _ _ _ _代词表示复数名词时，谓语动词使用复数形式。代词表示单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词使用单数。All of the work been finished。all of the people have gone。more than one单数名词是主语，谓语是单数。more than one student _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(has/have)ever been to beijin。(7)疑问代词(？)做主语的时候，谓语动词也有两种情况。主语表示复数意义，谓语动词使用复数形式。主语表示单数意思，谓语动词使用单数。例如：Who is your bro

10、ther？Who are League members？(8)给定“分数或百分比of名词”的词组时，必须将其定为of后的名词。(。名词是复数，谓语动词是复数。名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。it is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women。threefourhs of the surface of the earth。sea .(9) half，the rest等作为主体表示不明数量名词时使用复数形式的动词；如果是单数的意思，动词就使用单数。I have read a large part of the book，the rest (is/ar

11、e) more difficult。only ten studens attended the class because all the rest(is/are)off sick。(10)以what引导的主题子句为主题时，通常使用谓语动词作为单数形式。但是谓语动词在内容是复数的时候使用复数形式。What she said (is/are) correct。what she left me(is/are)a few oldbooks。以，(11) s结尾的名词本身不表示复数形式，谓词通常使用单数形式，如news，mathematics，Physics politics等no news (is/

12、are) good news .mathematics(is/are)very popullar in our class。(12) the形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词以复数形式表示抽象概念时，单数形式。the poor (is/are) very happy，but the rich are sad。the beautful(实时)forever。第三，根据谓语动词是单数还是复数，根据最近的主语，是最接近的一致原则。示例：查看not only the teacher but also his students like playing footb。there is a pen and som

13、e books on the desk .(1)连接公司or，either.or，Neither.nor，not only.but also，连接的平行主语，一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词是与最近的主语匹配的最近的原则，与最近的主语匹配。either you or I(am/is/are)right . neither the children nor the teacher(know)anything about it。(2)在“There be”句型中，谓语动词与附近的主语匹配。there(is/are)two apples and one egg in it。there _ _ _ _

14、 _ _ _ _ _(is/are)a book and three pens on the desk。here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(is/(are)some books and paper for you，or，either.or.neither.nor.not only.but also.not.but.将两个名词或代词连接成主体时，根据最接近的原则确定谓语动词形式。either my wife or I(am/is/are)going。neither you，nor I，nor any one else knows the answer。not only you but

15、also he(is/are)ready to leave。1 .between the two roads _ _ _ _ _ a TV tower called skyscraper tower 。a . stands b . standing c . which stands d . stand 2。either of you _ _ _ _ _ _ going there tonight . a . will b . was c . is d . are 3。you as well _ _ _ _ _ right . a . I are b . I am c . as I am d .

16、 as I are 4。all but dick _ _ _ _ in class three this term。a. are B. is C. were D. was 5。-shall I waithere for three hours？-yes.three hours _ _，_ _ to wait for such a doctor . a . are not very long for you b . is not long enough for you c . was not long enoughwhere to get the materials and how to get them _ _ _ _ _ at the meeting . a . have not discussed b . have not Been discussed c . has not discussedI took mathematics and physics because I think that _ _ _ very important for me to ma