新概念第二册第四单元第77课

1、.,Lesson 77,A Successful Operation,.,mummy n. 木乃伊；妈妈 一具古埃及木乃伊正在博物馆展览。 An ancient Egyptian mummy is on exhibition in the museum. Egyptian adj. 埃及的 Egypt n.埃及,.,temple n. 庙 After the great Pyramids and the large Sphinx (狮身人面像), the temple of Abu Simbel presents the most familiar image of ancient Egypt

2、 to the modern traveller. 阿布辛波古庙：尼罗河畔悠远历史和现代文明的见证。,.,mark n.斑点；分数；v. 标记,EE:a small area on the surface of something which is damaged, dirty or different in some way. 她的手在我的电视的屏幕上留下了印子。 Her finger left marks on the screen of my television. 相关表达： n.标志，标记 sign,.,plate n. （照相）底片；盘子 disease n. 疾病 非典是一种传染

3、性疾病。 SARS is a contagious disease. a rare disease怪病。 词义辨析： illness，disease 两个词在口语中用法相同，也有一些区别： illness(a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill)指病的状态，时间的长短，或指身体不好。 She died after a long illness. 她在久病之后去世了。 He suffers from a serious illness.他病得很厉害。,.,Disease(an illness which affec

4、ts a person, animal, or plant)一般指有医学名称，与身体的部分有关的疾病，如果是传染性疾病的话会被携带或传染。 a kidney/sexually-transmitted disease/infectious disease肾病，性传播疾病，传染性的疾病 一般下列疾病只用illness mental illness 精神疾病 terminal illness晚期疾病,.,last v. 持续,轰炸持续了两个小时。 The bombing last two hours 我知道他们的热情不会持续很久的。 I know their enthusiasm will not

5、last very long.,.,prove v. 显示出证实EE:if someone or something proves difficult, helpful etc, you find out that this is what they are like；证实to show that something is true by providing facts, information etc example:新证据证明他是有罪的。 The new evidence proves him to be guilty. 新的治疗方式证实非常成功。 The new treatment ha

6、s proved to be very successful. It is difficult to prove whether space life exists or not.要想证实外星人是否存在非常困难。 The article has proved most useful.这篇文章证明非常有用。 相关表达： proof n.证明 approve v.批准，同意,.,resin n. 树脂 The transparent shoulder straps are made of resin. 透明的肩带是树脂做的。 skin n. 皮肤； v. 剥皮 她的皮肤像婴儿的皮肤一样柔软。 He

7、r skin is as soft as babies. 实际应用： 皮肤黑dark skin 香蕉/土豆皮a banana/potato skin,.,section n. 切片,部分 EE:a very thin flat piece that is cut from skin, a plant etc to be looked at under a microscope； 飞机的尾部着火了。 The back section of the plane caught fire. 考试由四部分组成。 The test consists of four sections. 医生在显微镜下仔细检

8、查从尸体上切下来的切片。 The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope.,.,figure n.（女人的）体形；人像；人影 那女人身材很棒。 The lady has a great figure. 你最好多运动一下来保持体形。 Youd better exercise more to keep your figure. 当她看到卧室的房间里有个黑影时尖叫了起来。 She screamed when she saw a dark figure in her bedroom. 实际应用： 半

9、身像a half-length figure There are several dashing figures in the painting.那幅画里画了几个雄纠纠的人。,.,normally adv. 通常地,正常地 EE:usually, or under normal conditions； 通常他的坏心情会持续一到俩天。 Normally his bad mood last one or two days. 通常在早上路上的车会少些。 There are less cars in the morning./The traffic is normally lighter in the

10、 morning. 相关表达： normal adj.正常的，一般的 记忆点拨： norm（规范，规则）al（形容词后缀）ly（副词后缀）（符合规范的）,.,survive v.幸免于，存活；活得比长 EE:to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness: 没有乘客在空难中幸存。 None of the passengers survived the air crash. 我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。 I wonder how they can survive on such poor income. 他比他所有孩

11、子活的都长。 He survived all his children. 相关表达： survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 victim n.死难者，受害者,.,课文解析 1) . A.D. 应该写在年数之前, B.C. 应该写在年数之后, 如: from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400 由公元前三百年到公元四百年 B.C.为Before Chris（t 公元前）的缩写，A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the year of the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”。A.D.用来与B.C.形成对比， 出现在正

12、式的史书中，平时一般不用。,.,2). operation give an operation on sb 给某人做手术 have an operation (on sb) 动手术 operation on sb. for sth. operation to do sth. be in operation come into operation生效，起作用 bring into operation 实施;使生效 When does the plan come into operation?这项计划什么时候实施？ Is this rule in operation yet?这条规定生效了吗？,.

13、,3）.The mummy is that of Shepenmut that 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重复。在指代特指的事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that 和those 指代前面提到的事物： The cost of living here is lower than that in London.这里的生活费用比伦敦的要低。 that of 和those of 一般用于较正式的文体中： The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain. 美国的面积比英国的大。 Toms pen is better than th

14、at of the other boys.汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。,.,4）.plate （照相）底片 .plates taken of the mummy,taken是过去分词作定语修饰plates，take the plates of 给.拍片子 hand/give sb sth on a plate把某事物奉送某人/让某人轻易获得某事物 You cant expect promotion to be handed to you on a plate.晋升的事不要期望会给你送货上门。 5）.die of,死于.，因.而死（后面跟名词）。 The Man died of a bad col

15、d/died of hunger. 那个人死于重感冒是饿死的。,.,6）.The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult （1）last 表示“持续”、“延续”时为不及物动词，后面通常跟一个表示时间的名词短语，for 可有可无： The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453. 这两个国家之间的战争持续了3 年多一直持续到1453 年。 （2）prove 表示“证明”、“证实”，后面可以跟

16、从句、形容词、名词、不定式等： Weve been trying to sell our house, but its proved to be very difficult. 我们一直试图把房子卖掉，不过事实证明这很困难。 You should first prove that you bought these goods here. 你应该首先证明这些物品你是从这里买的。 prove sth to sb.向某人证明某事物属实,.,7).（3）which 引导的分句为非限定性关系从句，因为它前后都有逗号。非限定性关系从句提供补充信息，往往可以略去。逗号的取舍有时对句子的意思有很大影响： Th

17、e government which promises to cut taxes will be popular. 承诺减税的政府将赢得人心。（限定性） The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. 这个政府承诺减税，它将会赢得人心。（非限定性）,.,（4）在非限定性关系从句中，指人的关系代词只能用who/whom, 不能用that（限定性从句则可以）；指物的关系代词只能用which,不能用that;带介词的非限定性关系从句中也不能用that: The astronauts, who are said to be v

18、ery excited, are ex pected to land on themoon shortly. 那些宇航员们可望不久登上月球，据说他们很激动。 This garage, which my father built in his lifetime has lasted for a long time. 我父亲生前建的这个车库已经有很长时间了。（which 不可省略） 在非限定性关系从句中，which 有时可用来代替前面提到的整个分句： She married Joe, which(=and this/that) surprised everyone. 她嫁给了乔，这使大家都感到意外。,.,（5）(1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last m