跨文化交际c1

1、.,Introduction to Intercultural Communication,Chapter 1,.,Self introduction page of the course leader,Prof. Zhu Xiaoshu (Ph.D.) University of International Business and Economics/ zhuxiaoshu,.,Your final grade components,Attendance 10% Assignments 30% Final exam 60%,.,Questions on the course partici

2、pants,If you were asked to define culture, what definition would you give? Have you thought of the possible difference between cross-cultural of intercultural communication? Have you had any misunderstandings with foreign teachers and students, with whom you have contact? Why do we need to study int

3、ercultural communication?,.,Intercultural communication skills are essential for people today,The literature in international business is filled with examples of intercultural miscommunication and blunders, which show the results of miscalculating-or simply ignoring- the cultural dimension of intern

4、ational business. More and more people have come to realize the cultural impact and possible negative consequences that come from inappropriate communications during international transactions.,.,The objectives of this course,To identify and analyze cultural differences so as to avoid such kinds of

5、misunderstanding in international communication. To provide a framework for understanding of factors that influence intercultural communication. To help you develop effective strategies in dealing with potential cultural conflicts and improve your intercultural communicative competence.,.,Defining I

6、ntercultural Communication (ICC),The term first used by Edward T. Hall in 1959 and is simply defined as interpersonal communication between members of different cultures. ICC can include international, interethnic, interracial, and interregional communication.,.,International communication,Communica

7、tion takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals. It is quite formal and ritualized. Dialogue at the UN. Dialogue between Chinese Chairman and American president.,.,Interethnic communication,Communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds. Commu

8、nication between a Tibetan and a Han,.,Interracial communication,It occurs when the source and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races which pertains to physical characteristic. It may or may not be intercultural. Communication between whites and blacks in the U.S.,.,Interregional

9、communication,The exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country. They share common messages and experiences over a long period of time, but live in different regions of the same country. Interaction between southerners and northerners.,.,The features of intercultural

10、communication,It is a universal phenomenon. It occurs everywhere in the world. If you are receiving messages from another culture, you are involved in ICC. Communications between cultures has been going on for thousands of years. Silk road Intercultural communication is a common daily occurrence. Fo

11、reign travelers, overseas students,.,Four crucial developments that contribute to the rapid increase of ICC,Improvements in transportation technology Developments in communication technology Changes in mass migration patterns Globalization of the world economy,.,International business,Multinational

12、corporations annual sales are compatible to or greater than the yearly gross domestic product of most countries. Chinas share of the world trade has grown more rapidly with its trade volume ranked the 3rd in the world. Of the top 500 world enterprises, almost 450 have come to China for investment.,.

13、,ICC is becoming increasingly important,Globalization of the worlds economy will challenge virtually all businesspersons to become more internationally aware and intellectually adept. The major changes in Chinas society reinforce the fact that intercultural communication is becoming a daily occurren

14、ce and is becoming increasingly important.,.,Edward Hall the founder of ICC,Edward Hall conceptualized this new field of ICC in the early 1950s. The Silent Language (Hall, 1959) is considered the classic fundamental book of ICC study.,.,ICC has continued to prosper in the U.S. because,The country is

15、 a land of immigrants from many diverse cultures There are thousands of new immigrants entering the country every year The U.S. has large numbers of foreign students and tourists The American involvement in the global economy,.,The development of ICC,This new field of study originated in the U.S. in

16、 the late 1950s. It gained acceptance through training and testing practice in the 1960s and 1970s. It formed its basis framework in the late 1970s. It has made great achievements in theory and practice ever since the 1980s both inside and outside of the U.S. Today, ICC is widely acknowledged and ex

17、tensively researched in all parts of the world.,.,ICC studies in China,ICC was firstly introduced into China during the early 1980s by some English teachers. Hu Wenzhong, a leading scholar of ICC in China The 5th International Conference on Cross-cultural Communication was held in Harbin, China Chin

18、a Association for Intercultural Communication was established in 1995.,.,ICC study in China grew from academic interest to theoretical research and practical implementation,Verbal communication the relationship between language and culture: vocabulary, syntax, pragmatic rules, discourse patterns and

19、 translation Non-verbal communication Comparative study of customs and behavior patterns in China and other countries Cultural differences in business management Traditional Chinese value orientations and their impact on modernization, etc.,.,The multidisciplinary nature of ICC,L-linguistics and lan

20、guage A-Anthropology P-Psycholinguistics and Psychology S-Sociolinguistics and Sociology E-Education and English C-Communication studies C-Cultural Studies,.,Elements of ICC study,Physical time, environment, comfort and needs, and physical medium Cultural- ethnic, religious, and social differences P

21、erceptual- viewing what is said from your own mindset Motivational- the listeners mental inertia Experiential- lack of similar life happenings Emotional- personal feelings of the listener Linguistic- different languages spoken Nonverbal Competition-ability to do other things in communication,.,“stum

22、bling blocks” in ICC,Assuming more cultural similarities than there actually are. Language differences are often a source of misunderstandings Misinterpreting each others non-verbal communication Having stereotypes and preconceptions about “foreigners Evaluating what foreigners do and say before und

23、erstanding what they mean Having feelings of anxiety and stress in ICC, which may lead to inaccurate conclusions.,.,Potential problems in ICC,Avoidance of the unfamiliar Uncertainty reduction Withdrawal Stereotyping Prejudice Racism Misuse of power Culture shock ethnocentrism,.,Stereotypes hamper ICC,They are rooted in your compulsion to make in-group and out-group distinctions. They are oversimplified, over-generalized or exagger