循环系统--组织学和胚胎学

1、Circulatory System,Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system,Heart: pump Artery: output Capillary: exchange Vein: input,Cardiovascular system,1. Heart,1.1 Endocardium endothelium: continuous Subendothelium : DCT dilate vessels EEM tunica adventitia: LCT,3. Arteries,3.1 large artery,1. Tunica intima End

2、othelial cells : rod-like inclusions, (WP bodies) Weibel-Palade bodies. Subendothelial layer： relative thicker. Internal elastic membrane : indistinct 2. Tunica media Fenestrated membrane - 40 70 lamellae of elastin. Elastic artery SMC & elastic fiber . External elastic membrane: indistinct 3. Tunic

3、a adventitia relative thinner, CT.,large artery,large artery,3.2 medium-sized artery,Intima: Subendothelial layer： relative thinner. Internal elastic membrane : distinct Media: Smooth muscle cells - most circularly oriented (10 40 layers), muscular artery Adventitia: Thickness is similar to media. E

4、xternal elastic membrane is distinct in the junction.,medium-sized artery,3.3 small artery & arteriole,small artery : diameter 0.3-1mm , Internal elastic membrane is distinct，several layers of circular SM in media, no External elastic membrane. Arteriole : diameter 0.3mm，with 12 layers of circular S

5、M ，adventitia is thin.,small artery & arteriole,Comparisons between large、 medium & small artery,Comparisons between small artery and arteriole,3.4 Functions of arteries:,Elastic A: keep blood stream continuous.,systole: dilate diastole: recoil,Muscular A:contraction &relaxation.,Regulate the amount

6、 of blood flowing into the regions.,Small A & arterioles :,modulate the local blood supply.,4 capillaries,4.1 basic structure of capillary The wall is very thin. Diameter:6-8um. endothelium Basal lamina pericyte,capillary,capillary,4.2 continuous capillary,4.3 fenestrated capillary,fenestrated capil

7、lary,4.4 sinusoid,Classification of capillaries,5. microcirculation,definition: arteriole to venule，basic unit for blood circulation. compositions：arteriole、metarteriole、thoroughfare channel、capillary bed、arteriovenous shunt & venule. three different paths： arteriole metarteriole thoroughfare channe

8、l venule arteriole metarteriole capillary bed venule arteriole arteriovenous shunt venule,microcirculation,6. vein,The basic structure of veins,lumen is larger, irregular. the wall is thin. intima,media,adventitia,are indistinct. venous valves: semilunar flaps,endothelium CT,Comparisons between large A & large V,Comparisons between medium A & medium V,Comparisons between small A & small V,venous valves,keypoints,The heart wall . Artery : classifications & individual characteristi