电子商务英语课件

1、Unit5PaymentofElectronicCommerce,学习指导：本章将介绍：电子商务结算系统的基本功能网上支付工具储值卡在电子商务中的地位互联网技术在银行业的应用,5.1IntroductiontoOnlinePayment,AnimportantfunctionofelectroniccommercesitesisthehandlingofpaymentsovertheInternet.Mostelectroniccommerceinvolvestheexchangeofsomeformofmoneyforgoodsorservices.,Inthischapter,youwil

2、llearnaboutanumberofonlinepaymentalternativesthatareavailabletoindividualconsumers.,5.1.1TheAdvantagesofOnlinePaymentsystemsforelectroniccommerce,Onlinepaymentsystemsforconsumerelectroniccommercearestillevolving.Anumberofproposalsandimplementationsofpaymentsystemscurrentlycompetefordominance.,Regard

3、lessofformat,electronicpaymentsarefarcheaperthanmailingpaperchecks.,Electronicpaymentscanbeconvenientforcustomersandcansavecompaniesmoney.Estimatesofthecostofbillingonepersonbymailrangebetween$1and$1.50.,SendingbillsandreceivingpaymentsovertheInternetcandropthetransactioncosttoanaverageof50centsperb

4、ill.Thetotalsavingsishugewhentheunitcostismultipliedbythenumberofcustomerswhocoulduseelectronicpayment.,Forexample,atelephonecompanyinamajormetropolitanareamighthave5millioncustomers,eachofwhomreceivesabilleverymonth.Inoneyear,asavingsof50centsoneachofthose60millionbillsaddsuptoabout$30million.Theen

5、vironmentalimpactisalsosignificant.,Those60millionpaperbillsweighabout1.7millionpounds.Ittakes2200treestomakethatmuchpaperalongwiththeenergyconsumedandthewastesgeneratedinthepaper-makingprocess.,5.1.2theModesofElectronicPayment,Today,fourbasicwaystopayforpurchasesdominatebothtraditionalandelectronic

6、business-to-consumercommerce.Cash,checks,creditcards,anddebitcardsaccountformorethan90percentofallconsumerpaymentsintheUnitedStates.,Asmallbutgrowingpercentageofconsumerpaymentsaremadebyelectronictransfer.,Themostpopularconsumerelectronictransfersareautomatedpaymentsofautoloans,insurancepayments,and

7、mortgagepaymentsmadefromconsumerscheckingaccounts.,Creditcardsarebyfarthemostpopularmethodthatconsumersusetopayforonlinepurchases.Recentsurveyshavefoundthatmorethan85percentofworldwideconsumerInternetpurchasesarepaidforwithcreditcards.,IntheUnitedStates,theproportionisabout96percent.,Anotherpaymentm

8、ediumislimited-usescrip.Scripisdigitalcashmintedbyacompanyinsteadofbyagovernment.Mostscripcannotbeexchangedforcash;itmustbeexchangedforgoodsorservicesprovidedbythecompanythatissuedthescrip.Scripislikeagiftcertificatethatisgoodatmorethanonestore.,IntheearlydaysoftheWeb,manyexpertspredictedthatscripwo

9、uldbecomeapopularwayofmakingpaymentsforconsumergoodsandservicesonline.Unfortunatelyformanyinvestorsthisturnedoutnottobetrue.,5.2PaymentCards,Businesspeopleoftenusethetermpaymentcardasageneraltermtodescribealltypesofplasticcardsthatconsumers(andsomebusinesses)usetomakepurchases.Themaincategoriesofpay

10、mentcardsarecreditcards,debitcards,andchargecards.,5.2.1CreditCard,Acreditcard,suchasaVisaoraMasterCard,hasaspendinglimitbasedontheuserscredithistory;ausercanpayofftheentirecreditcardbalanceorpayaminimumamounteachbillingperiod.Creditcardissuerschargeinterestonanyunpaidbalance.,Manyconsumersalreadyha

11、vecreditcards,orareatleastfamiliarwithhowtheywork.Creditcardsarewidelyacceptedbymerchantsaroundtheworldandprovideassurancesforboththeconsumerandthemerchant.Aconsumerisprotectedbyanautomatic30-dayperiodinwhichheorshecandisputeanonlinecreditcardpurchase.,Merchantsthatalreadyacceptcreditcardsinanofflin

12、estorecanacceptthemimmediatelyforonlinepaymentbecausetheyalreadyhaveestablishedamechanismforacceptingcreditcardpayments.,Onlinecreditcardpurchasesaresimilartotelephonepurchasesinthatthecardholderisnotpresentandcannotprovideproofofidentityaseasilyasheorshecanwhenstandingatthecashregister.Onlineandtel

13、ephonepurchasesareoftencalledcardnotpresenttransactionsandbothrequireanextradegreeofsecurity.,5.2.2DebitCard,Adebitcardlookslikeacreditcard,butitworksquitedifferently.Insteadofchargingpurchasesagainstacreditline,adebitcardremovestheamountofthesalefromthecardholdersbankaccountandtransfersittotheselle

14、rsbankaccount.,Debitcardsareissuedbythecardholdersbankandusuallycarrythenameofamajorcreditcardissuer,suchasVisaorMasterCard,byagreementbetweentheissuingbankandthecreditcardissuer.,BybrandingtheirdebitcardswiththeVisaorMasterCardname,banksensurethattheirdebitcardswillbeacceptedbymerchantswhorecognize

15、thecreditcardbrandnames.,5.3ElectronicCash5.3.1WhattheElectronicCashIs,Althoughcreditcardsdominateonlinepaymentstoday,electroniccashshowspromiseforthefuture.,Electroniccash(alsocallede-cashordigitalcash)isageneraltermthatdescribesanyvaluestorageandexchangesystemcreatedbyaprivate(nongovernmental)enti

16、tythatdoesnotusepaperdocumentsorcoinsandthatcanserveasasubstituteforgovernment-issuedphysicalcurrency.,AsignificantdifferencebetweenelectroniccashandscripisthatelectroniccashcanbereadilyexchangedforphysicalcashondemandBecauseelectroniccashisissuedbyprivateentities,thereisaneedforcommonstandardsamong

17、allelectroniccashissuerssothatoneissuerselectroniccashcanbeacceptedbyanotherissuer.,Thisneedhasnotyetbeenmet.Eachissuerhasitsownstandardandelectroniccashisnotuniversallyaccepted,asisgovernment-issuedphysicalcurrency.,5.3.2TheAdvantageofElectronicCash,1、Electroniccashhasafactorinitsfavor:Mostofthewor

18、ldspopulationdonothavecreditcards.Manyadultscannotobtaincreditcardsduetominimumincomerequirementsorpastdebtproblems.,Childrenandteenagerspurchasersrepresentingasignificantpercentageofonlinebuyers-areineligible,simplybecausetheyaretooyoung.,PeoplelivinginmostcountriesotherthantheUnitedStatesholdfewcr

19、editcardsbecausetheyhavetraditionallymadetheirpurchasesincash.Forallofthesepeople,electroniccashprovidesthesolutiontopayingforonlinepurchases.,2、Eventhoughtherehavebeenmanyfailuresinthelastfewyearsinelectroniccashintroductions,theideaofelectroniccashjustrefusestodie.,Electroniccashshowsparticularpro

20、miseintwoapplications:thesaleofgoodsandservicespricedlessthan$10thelowerthresholdthancreditcardpaymentsandthesaleofallgoodsandservicestothosewithoutcreditcards.,5.3.3HowElectronicCashWorks,Tobeginusingelectroniccash,aconsumershouldopenanaccountwithanelectroniccashissuer(suchasabankthatissueselectron

21、iccashoraprivatevendorofelectroniccash,suchasPayPal)andpresentsproofofidentity.,TheconsumercanthenwithdrawelectroniccashbyaccessingtheissuersWebsiteandpresentingproofofidentity,suchasadigitalcertificateissuedbyacertificationauthority,oracombinationofacreditcardnumberandaverifiablebankaccountnumber.,

22、Aftertheissuerverifiestheconsumersidentity,itgivestheconsumeraspecificamountofelectroniccashanddeductsthesameamountfromtheconsumersaccount.Inaddition,theissuermightchargeasmallprocessingfee.,Theconsumercanstoretheelectroniccashinanelectronicwallet(describedlaterinthischapter)onhisorhercomputer,orona

23、stored-valuecard(alsodescribedlaterinthischapter).Inaddition,theconsumercanauthorizetheissuertomakepaymentstothirdpartiesfromtheelectroniccashaccount.,5.4ElectronicWallets,Asconsumersarebecomingmoreenthusiasticaboutonlineshopping,theyhavebeguntotireofrepeatedlyenteringdetailedshippingandpaymentinfor

24、mationeachtimetheymakeonlinepurchases.,Fillingoutformsrankshighononlinecustomerslistsofgripesaboutonlineshopping.,Toaddresstheseconcerns,manyelectroniccommercesitesincludeafeaturethatallowsacustomertostorename,address,andcreditcardinformationonthesite.However,consumersmustentertheirinformationateach

25、sitewithwhichtheywanttodobusiness.,Anelectronicwallet(sometimescalledane-wallet),servingafunctionsimilartoaphysicalwallet,holdscreditcardnumbers,electroniccash,owneridentification,andownercontactinformationandprovidesthatinformationatanelectroniccommercesitescheckoutcounter.,Electronicwalletsgivecon

26、sumersthebenefitofenteringtheirinformationjustonce,insteadofhavingtoentertheirinformationateverysitewithwhichtheywanttodobusiness.,MaintainingrecordsofaconsumerspurchasinghabitsissomethingthatonlinegiantssuchasAhavemastered,butanenhanceddigitalwalletcouldreversethatprocessanduseaWebrobottosuggestwhe

27、retheconsumermightfindalowerpriceonanitemthatheorshepurchasesregularly.,5.5SmartCards,Asmartcardisastored-valuecardthatisaplasticcardwithanembeddedmicrochipthatcanstoreyourinformation.Credit,debit,andchargecardscurrentlystorelimitedinformationonamagneticstrip.Asmartcardcanstoreinformationasabout100t

28、imesasthatamagneticstripplasticcardcanstore.,Asmartcardcanholdprivateuserdatasuchasfinancialfacts,encryptionkeys,accountinformation,creditcardnumbers,healthinsuranceinformation,medicalrecords,andsoon.,Smartcardsaresaferthanconventionalcreditcardsbecausetheinformationstoredonasmartcardisencrypted.For

29、example,conventionalcreditcardsshowyouraccountnumberonthefaceofthecardandyoursignatureontheback.Thecardnumberandaforgedsignatureareallthatathiefneedstopurchaseitemsandchargethemagainstyourcard.,Withasmartcard,credittheftismuchmoredifficultbecausethekeytounlocktheencryptedinformationisaPIN;thereisnov

30、isiblenumberonthecardthatathiefcanidentify,noristhereaphysicalsignatureonthecardthatathiefcanseeanduseasanexampleforaforgery.,5.6InternetTechnologiesandtheBankingIndustry,Asyoulearnedearlier,thelargestdollarvolumeofpaymentstodayarestillmadebyusingpaperchecks.,Thesepaperchecksareprocessedthroughthewo

31、rldsbankingsystem.Theothermajorpaymentformsinusetodayalsoinvolvebanksinonewayoranother.ThissectionoutlineshowInternettechnologiesareprovidingnewtoolsandcreatingnewthreatsforthebankingindustry.,5.6.1CheckProcessing,Inthepast,checkswereprocessedphysicallybybanksandclearinghouses.Whenapersonwroteacheck

32、topayforanitemataretailstore,theretailerwoulddepositthecheekinitsbankaccount.,Theretailersbankwouldthensendthepaperchecktoaclearinghouse,whichwouldmanagethetransferoffundsfromtheconsumersbanktotheretailersaccount.,Thepapercheckwouldthenbetransportedtotheconsumersbank,whichmightthensendthecancelledch

33、ecktotheconsumer.Inrecentyears,manybankshavestoppedsendingcancelledcheckstotheirconsumeraccountholderstosavepostage.Despitethesesavings,thecostoftransportingtonsofpaperchecksaroundthecountryhasgrowneachyear.,Bankshavebeenworkingforyearstodeveloptechnologiesthatwillhelpthemreducethefloat.In2004,aU.S.

34、lawwentintoeffectthatmanybankersbelievewilleventuallyeliminatethefloat.Thislaw,calledtheCheckClearingforthe21stCenturyAct(or,moresimply,Check21),permitsbankstoeliminatethemovementofphysicalchecksentirely.,InaCheck21-compliantworld,theretailercanscanthecustomerscheck.,Thescannedimageistransmittedinst

35、antlythroughaclearingsystemandpostsalmostimmediatelytobothaccounts(thatis,thewithdrawalfromthecustomersaccountandthedeposittotheretailersaccountoccurinstantly),eliminatinganyfloatonthetransaction.,5.6.2FishingAttacks,Thebasicstructureofafishingattackisfairlysimple.Theattackersendse-mailmessagestoala

36、rgenumberofrecipientswhomighthaveanaccountatthetargetedWebsite.,Thee-mailmessagetellstherecipientthathisorheraccounthasbeencompromisedanditisnecessaryfortherecipienttologintotheaccounttocorrectthematter.,Thee-mailmessageincludesalinkthatappearstobealinktotheloginpageoftheWebsite.However,thelinkactua

37、llyleadstherecipienttothefishingattackperpetratorsWebsite,whichisdisguisedtolooklikethetargetedWebsite.,Theunsuspectingrecipiententershisorherloginnameandpassword,whichtheperpetratorcapturesandthenusestoaccesstherecipientsaccount.Onceinsidethevictimsaccount,theperpetratorcanaccesspersonalinformation

38、,makepurchases,orwithdrawfundsatwill.,Thelinksinfishinge-mailsareusuallydisguised.OnecommonwaytodisguisetherealURListousethesign,whichcausestheWebservertoignoreallcharactersthatprecedetheandonlyusethecharactersthatfollowit.,Forexample,alinkthatdisplays:218.36.41.188/fl/login.htmllookslikeitisanaddre

39、ssatPayPal.However,thesigncausestheWandinsteadtakesthevictimtoaWebpageattheIPaddress218.36.41.188.,5.6.3FishingAttackCountermeasures.,SeveralgroupsareworkingonwaystoimprovetheInternetsmailtransportprotocolssothatspamsenderscanbeidentified.Sincespamisakeyelementoffishingattacks,anyprotocolchangethati

40、mprovese-mailrecipientsabilitytoidentifythesourceofane-mailmessagewillalsohelptoreducethethreatoffishingattacks.,Themostimportantstepthatcompaniescantaketoday,however,istoeducatetheirWebsiteusers.Mostonlinebankingsitescontinuallywarntheircustomersthatthesiteneversendse-mailthatasksforaccountinformat

41、ionorthataskstherecipienttologintotheirWebsiteandmakechangestohisorheraccountinformation.,Vocabulary,metropolitan/metrplit()n/n.大都市的居民,大主教,母国的居民a.大都市的,大主教区的,母国的loan/lun/n.贷款,借出,债权人mortgage/m:gid/n.ve.抵押还贷survey/s:vei/vt.审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查;n.调查，概况proportion/prp:n/n.比例,均衡,部份,scrip/skrip/n.便条,纸条,纸片,代币mint/m

42、int/vt.铸造,铸币,伪造发行n.造币厂issue/isju:/v.发行,流出,造成.结果Category/ktigri/n.种类,类别Substitute/sbstitju:t/n.代替者,代用品;v.代替ineligible/inelidbl/a.无被选任资格的,不适任的,不适当的n.无被选任资格的人,不合录用资格的人,threshold/rehuld/n.极限,门槛,入口,开端,底限deduct/didkt/vt.扣除,减去gripe/graip/n把手，苦恼，烦恼;v.抱怨，使苦恼embedded/embedid/a.植入的,内含的,深入的magnetic/mgnetik/a.有磁

43、性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的,conventional/knvennl/a.普通的,常见的,习惯的,常规的,传统的clearinghousen.票据交换所,清算中心retail/ri:teil/n.零售Perpetrator/p:pitreit/n.犯人,作恶之人,诈骗犯disguise/disgaiz/v.假装victim/viktim/n.受害者spam/spm/n.兜售信息,非索要信息,垃圾邮件,Phrasescreditcard信用卡debitcard借记卡paymentcard结算卡chargecard签账卡MasterCard万事达卡cardnotpresenttransaction

44、不出示卡交易stored-valuecard储值卡encryptionkeys加密密钥gointoeffect颁布,开始生效(开始实行)CheckClearingforthe21stCenturyAct21世纪支票清算法案physicalcurrency通货,AbbreviationsPINPersonalIdentificationNumber个人身份号码,NotestothePassage,1.Thetotalsavingsishugewhentheunitcostismultipliedbythenumberofcustomerswhocoulduseelectronicpayment.

45、用单位节约成本乘以用电子结算的顾客数量，你会发现总的节约成本是非常巨大的。,2.Ittakes2200treestomakethatmuchpaper-alongwiththeenergyconsumedandthewastesgeneratedinthepaper-makingprocess.需要2200棵树，还不算造纸过程中消耗的能源及产生的污染。,3.Themostpopularconsumerelectronictransfersareautomatedpaymentsofautoloans,insurancepayments,andmortgagepaymentsmadefromco

46、nsumerscheckingaccounts.最常见的消费者电子结算方式是从支票账户自动偿付汽车贷款、保险费和偿还抵押贷款。句中过去分词短语madefromconsumerscheckingaccounts做定语，修饰autoloans,insurancepayments,andmortgagepayments，翻译为“从消费者支票账户支付的”,4.Recentsurveyshavefoundthatmorethan85percentofworldwideconsumerInternetpurchasesarepaidforwithcreditcards.最近的一些调查表明，互联网购物中有8

47、5以上都用信用卡来结算。,5.Mostscripcannotbeexchangedforcash;itmustbeexchangedforgoodsorservicesprovidedbythecompanythatissuedthescrip.多数代币不能兑换成现金，只能用于交换代币发行公司提供的商品或服务。过去分词短语providedbythecompanythatissuedthescrip做定语，修饰goodsorservices，翻译为“由代币发行公司提供的”,6.ausercanpayofftheentirecreditcardbalanceorpayaminimumamounte

48、achbillingperiod.信用卡用户可以花光卡上的余额，或支付一个最低费用。payoff花光，付清,7.Merchantsthatalreadyacceptcreditcardsinanofflinestorecanacceptthemimmediatelyforonlinepaymentbecausetheyalreadyhaveestablishedamechanismforacceptingcreditcardpayments.在传统商店能够接受信用卡结算的商家，由于已经建立起了接受信用卡支付的机制，因此可以立即在网上商店接受信用卡在线结算。这句话的主句为：Merchantsca

49、nacceptthemimmediatelyforonlinepayment.商家能很快接受信用卡在在线结算。,8.Insteadofchargingpurchasesagainstacreditline,adebitcardremovestheamountofthesalefromthecardholdersbankaccountandtransfersittothesellersbankaccount.借记卡不能赊账，而是将交易额从持卡人的银行账户中减去，转入商家的银行账户。,9.BybrandingtheirdebitcardswiththeVisaorMasterCardname,ba

50、nksensurethattheirdebitcardswillbeacceptedbymerchantswhorecognizethecreditcardbrandnames.银行也借Visa或万事达等来塑造借记卡的品牌，他们保证他们这些借记卡能被那些承认上述品牌信用卡的商家接受。brand商标，品牌branding塑造品牌,10.Electroniccash(alsocallede-cashordigitalcash)isageneraltermthatdescribesanyvaluestorageandexchangesystemcreatedbyaprivate(nongovernm

51、ental)entitythatdoesnotusepaperdocumentsorcoinsandthatcanserveasasubstituteforgovernment-issuedphysicalcurrency.电子现金（简称e-cash，也叫数字现金）通指由私有公司（非政府）建立的各种非纸币或硬币的资金存储与交换系统，它可以替代政府发行的通货。,这个句子是一个多重复合句。1).主句为：Electroniccash(alsocallede-cashordigitalcash)isageneralterm2).修饰term的定语从句为：that后的所有成分.3).过去分词短语crea

52、tedbyaprivate(nongovernmental)entity做定语，修饰valuestorageandexchangesystem。,4).两个并列的定语从句thatdoesnotusepaperdocumentsorcoins和thatcanserveasasubstituteforgovernment-issuedphysicalcurrency.修饰valuestorageandexchangesystem。在进行专业英语的英汉翻译时，经常会遇到这样的长句子。这时首先要将句子的结构分析清楚，确定彼此之间的修饰关系，然后再将句子分成多个短句，最后再根据句子的意思整理成一个完整的

53、译文,11.Eventhoughtherehavebeenmanyfailuresinthelastfewyearsinelectroniccashintroductions,theideaofelectroniccashjustrefusestodie.虽然在过去的几年里，在电子现金的引入阶段经历了许多挫折，但电子现金的思想一直存在。,12.Tobeginusingelectroniccash,aconsumershouldopenanaccountwithanelectroniccashissuer(suchasabankthatissueselectroniccashoraprivate

54、vendorofelectroniccash,suchasPayPal)andpresentsproofofidentity.要开始使用电子现金，消费者必须亲自到电子现金发行所（如发行电子现金的银行或PayPal这样的电子现金供应商）去开账户，并提供表明身份的证件。动词不定式短语tobeginusingelectroniccash做目的状语，“为了”,13.Anelectronicwallet(sometimescalledane-wallet),servingafunctionsimilartoaphysicalwallet,holdscreditcardnumbers,electronic

55、cash,owneridentification,andownercontactinformationandprovidesthatinformationatanelectroniccommercesitescheckoutcounter.电子钱包（有时也称为e-wallet），其功能和实际钱包一样，可以存储信用卡号码、电子现金、所有者身份证书与所有者联系地址等信息，它在电子商务网站的收款台提供这些信息。,此句为双谓语，即holds和provides，句子的主句结构为：Anelectronicwalletholdsandprovides,14.anenhanceddigitalwalletco

56、uldreversethatprocessanduseaWebrobottosuggestwheretheconsumermightfindalowerpriceonanitemthatheorshepurchasesregularly.增强功能的电子钱包可以执行逆向过程，它使用网络机器人帮助主人找到在哪有他或她经常购买商品的最低价格。此句为双重复合句.,15.Theretailersbankwouldthensendthepaperchecktoaclearinghouse,whichwouldmanagethetransferoffundsfromtheconsumersbanktotheretailersaccount.零售店主的开户行再将纸质支票交送清算中心，后者负责从消费者账户到零售店的账户的转账。,16.Theattackersendse-mailmessagestoalargenumberofrecipientswhomigh